scholarly journals Soil Chemical Fertility Change Over 4 Decades In The Morvan Mountains And Influence of Tree Species (Burgundy, France)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clesse Margaux ◽  
Legout Arnaud ◽  
Ranger Jacques ◽  
Zeller Bernd ◽  
Van Der Heijden Gregory
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Soil Acidification ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Pinus Nigra ◽  
Ecosystem Functions ◽  
Nutrient Pool ◽  
Atmospheric Depositions ◽  
Species Effect

Abstract Background: Intensive silvicultural practices and the planting of monospecific forests of coniferous, more productive compared to hardwoods, may threaten over the mid to long-term the sustainability of soil chemical fertility of forest ecosystems and is a major concern for forest managers and policy.Methods: We investigated the tree species effect (Quercus sessiliflora Smith, Fagus sylvatica L., Picea abies Karst., Pseudotsuga menziesii Mirb. Franco., Abies nordmanniana Spach. and Pinus nigra Arn. ssp laricio Poiret var corsicana) on the change over time of soil chemical properties and nutrient pool sizes in the mineral and organic layers of the soil during the 45 years after the plantation of the Breuil-Chenue common garden experiment (Burgundy, France). The organic and mineral soil layers down to 70 cm depth were sampled in the different monospecific plots in 1974, 2001 and 2019. Results: The Ca and Mg exchangeable pools and soil pH increased over the entire soil profile in most stands. However, the decrease of pH and the increase of exchange acidity in the topsoil layers under conifers and the overall decrease of exchangeable K pools in most stands highlighted that soil acidification is still on-going at this site but the intensity of this process depends on the tree species. Indeed, three groups of species could be distinguished: i) Nordmann fir / Norway spruce where acidolysis and chelation occurred, resulting in the most pronounced pH decrease in the topsoil, ii) Douglas fir / Laricio pine where acidification caused by elevated nitrification rates is probably currently compensated by larger weathering and/or atmospheric depositions fluxes, iii) and oak / beech where soil acidification was less intense. Counterintuitively, soil acidification at this site resulted in an increase in soil CEC which limited the loss of nutrient cations. This change in soil CEC was most likely explained by the precipitation/dissolution dynamics of aluminium (Al) (hydr)oxides in the interfoliar space of phyllosilicates and/or the increase in soil carbon (C) content in the topsoil layers. Conclusion: Tree species greatly and fairly rapidly (<45 years) influence the soil chemical fertility and the pedogenetic processes which in turn may impact forest ecosystem functions and services.

scholarly journals Input-Output Budgets of Nutrients in Adjacent Norway Spruce and European Beech Monocultures Recovering from Acidification

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 68
Author(s):  
Michal Růžek ◽  
Oldřich Myška ◽  
Jiří Kučera ◽  
Filip Oulehle
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Soil Acidification ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
European Beech ◽  
Solution Chemistry ◽  
Bulk Precipitation ◽  
Element Cycling ◽  
Beech Stand ◽  
Organic Horizons ◽  
Soil Buffering

Soil acidification has constituted an important ecological threat to forests in Central Europe since the 1950s. In areas that are sensitive to acid pollution, where the soil buffering capacity is naturally low, tree species can significantly modulate the extent of soil acidification by affecting throughfall deposition and the composition of litter. A principal difference can be expected between coniferous and broadleaf tree species. The aim of our study was to compare long-term trends in element cycling in two stands representing the main types of forest ecosystem in the region (Picea abies vs. Fagus sylvatica). In the period of 2005–2017, we continually measured element concentrations and fluxes in bulk precipitation, throughfall precipitation, and soil leachates. A continuous decline of acid deposition was detected in both bulk precipitation and throughfall. Declining deposition of S and N in both forests has led to the recovery of soil solution chemistry in the mineral soil, manifested by rising pH from 4.25 to 4.47 under spruce and from 4.42 to 4.69 in the beech stand. However, soil water in the spruce stand was more acidic, with higher concentrations of SO42− and Al when compared to the beech stand. While the acidity of soil leachates from organic horizons was driven mainly by organic anions, in lower mineral horizons it was controlled by inorganic acid anions. NO3− concentrations in deeper horizons of the spruce stand have diminished since 2006; however, in the beech plot, episodically elevated NO3− concentrations in mineral horizons are a sign of seasonal processes and of nearby perturbations. Higher output of S when compared to the input of the same element indicates slow S resorption, delaying the recovery of soil chemistry. Our results indicate that, although forest ecosystems are recovering from acidification, soil S retention and the ability to immobilize N is affected by the dominant tree species.

scholarly journals The linkage of 13C and 15N soil depth gradients with C:N and O:C stoichiometry reveals tree species effects on organic matter turnover in soil

2020 ◽  
Vol 151 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 203-220
Author(s):  
Marcel Lorenz ◽  
Delphine Derrien ◽  
Bernd Zeller ◽  
Thomas Udelhoven ◽  
Willy Werner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
European Beech ◽  
Pinus Nigra ◽  
Deciduous Tree ◽  
Elemental Stoichiometry ◽  
Depth Gradients

AbstractThe knowledge of tree species dependent turnover of soil organic matter (SOM) is limited, yet required to understand the carbon sequestration function of forest soil. We combined investigations of 13C and 15N and its relationship to elemental stoichiometry along soil depth gradients in 35-year old monocultural stands of Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii), black pine (Pinus nigra), European beech (Fagus sylvatica) and red oak (Quercus rubra) growing on a uniform post-mining soil. We investigated the natural abundance of 13C and 15N and the carbon:nitrogen (C:N) and oxygen:carbon (O:C) stoichiometry of litterfall and fine roots as well as SOM in the forest floor and mineral soil. Tree species had a significant effect on SOM δ13C and δ15N reflecting significantly different signatures of litterfall and root inputs. Throughout the soil profile, δ13C and δ15N were significantly related to the C:N and O:C ratio which indicates that isotope enrichment with soil depth is linked to the turnover of organic matter (OM). Significantly higher turnover of OM in soils under deciduous tree species depended to 46% on the quality of litterfall and root inputs (N content, C:N, O:C ratio), and the initial isotopic signatures of litterfall. Hence, SOM composition and turnover also depends on additional—presumably microbial driven—factors. The enrichment of 15N with soil depth was generally linked to 13C. In soils under pine, however, with limited N and C availability, the enrichment of 15N was decoupled from 13C. This suggests that transformation pathways depend on litter quality of tree species.

scholarly journals Carbon and nitrogen in forest floor and mineral soil under four forest species in the Mediterranean region

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felícia Fonseca ◽  
Tomás Figueiredo
Keyword(s):  
Forest Floor ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Castanea Sativa ◽  
Pinus Nigra ◽  
Forest Species ◽  
N Storage ◽  
C Storage ◽  
Species Effect ◽  
C And N

The organic and mineral horizons of soils are of great importance in C and N storage in forest areas. However, knowledge of the effects of forest species on the stocks of these elements is still scarce, especially in Portugal. In order to contribute to this knowledge, a study was carried out in forest stands of <em>Pinus pinaster</em> Aiton (PP), <em>Pinus nigra</em> Arnold (PN), <em>Pseudotsuga menziesii</em> (PM) and <em>Castanea sativa</em> Miller (CS), installed in the 1950s in northern Portugal. Sampling areas with similar topography, lithology and climate were selected, in order to better identify hypothesized differences in C and N storage due to forest species effect. In each stand, 15 sites were selected randomly and the forest floor (organic layers) was collected in a 0.49 m<sup>2</sup> area. The layers H, L and F of the forest floor were identified and, for L and F, their components were separated in leaves, pine cones/chestnut husks and branches. At the same sites, soil samples were also collected at 0-10 and 10-20 cm depth. At these depths, undisturbed samples were also collected for bulk density determination. The concentrations of C and N were determined in forest floor and mineral components of the soil, and converted in mass per unit area. The quantity of C storage per unit area followed the sequence PN &gt; PM &gt; CS &gt; PP, while for N the sequence was CS &gt; PM &gt; PN &gt; PP, OM and PP keeping the same relative position in the sequence in both C and N concentrations. The PM and CS species store similar amounts of C and N, and about 90% of these elements is found in the upper 20 cm of the mineral soil. In PN and PP species, the contribution of forest floor to the storage of these elements is more expressive than in the other species, but lower than 30% in all cases.

scholarly journals Fertilization and Shading Trials to Promote Pinus nigra Seedlings’ Nursery Growth under the Climate Change Demands

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 3563
Author(s):  
Marianthi Tsakaldimi ◽  
Panagiota Giannaki ◽  
Vladan Ivetić ◽  
Nikoleta Kapsali ◽  
Petros Ganatsas
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Pinus Nigra ◽  
Fertilization Rate ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Climate Scenarios ◽  
Northern Greece ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Below Ground ◽  
High Fertilization

Pinus nigra is one of the most widely used tree species for reforestation within its geographical distribution, as well as being a potential substitute for other tree species in Central Europe under future climate scenarios. P. nigra is transplanted into the field as two-year or three-year old seedlings because of its relatively low growth rate in the nursery. This study investigated the effects of fertilization programs and shading on P. nigra seedlings, aiming to accelerate early growth, and thus to reduce the nursery rearing time. The experiment (a completely randomized block design) was conducted in an open-air nursery by sowing seeds from Grevena, Northern Greece, in Quick pots filled with peat and perlite in a 2:1 ratio. The seedlings were subjected to two levels of fertilization—5 and 10 g L−1 NPK (30-10-10)—and two shading levels: 50% and 70%. At the ends of the first and second nursery growing season, we recorded the seedlings’ above- and below-ground morphology and biomass data. The results show that the application of all of the treatments produced seedlings which met the targeted quality standards for outplanting. However, the combination of a high fertilization rate and low shading level resulted in seedlings of a higher morphological quality, which is often considered to be an indicator for a successful seedling establishment in the field.

Overstory treatment and planting season affect survival of replacement tree species in emerald ash borer threatened Fraxinus nigra forests in Minnesota, USA

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (12) ◽  
pp. 1728-1738 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher E. Looney ◽  
Anthony W. D’Amato ◽  
Brian J. Palik ◽  
Robert A. Slesak
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Group Selection ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Emerald Ash Borer ◽  
Species Selection ◽  
Ecosystem Functions ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Survival ◽  
Fraxinus Nigra ◽  
Black Ash

Fraxinus nigra Marsh. (black ash) wetland forests in northern Minnesota, USA, are threatened by the invasive insect, emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (EAB)). A potential management option is promoting regeneration of tree species that are not EAB hosts to maintain ecosystem functions. Using an operational-scale field experiment, we examined the survival of 12 alternative tree species in response to different canopy treatments. We planted the seedlings in 1.6 ha plots assigned to four replicated canopy treatments: untreated control, group selection (0.04 ha gaps, 20% of stand), black ash girdling to emulate EAB-induced mortality, and clearcut. Fall and spring plantings were used to compare the effects of spring ponding. Control (32.9%), group selection (34.5%), and girdling (33.3%) treatments had comparable overall seedling survival. Survival in the clear-cut treatments was significantly lower (22%). Species selection, overstory treatment, and season of planting together resulted in survival rates ranging from 0.08% to 94.1%. Conifer species had low overall rates of survival (10.7%), whereas some species with native ranges not presently overlapping with northern F. nigra forests, e.g., Quercus bicolor Willd. (75.5%), had high survival rates. If growth is light-limited, group selection may be effective in promoting recruitment and supporting a larger variety of species.

scholarly journals Contrasting Signals of the Westerly Index and North Atlantic Oscillation over the Drought Sensitivity of Tree-Ring Chronologies from the Mediterranean Basin

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 644 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Casas-Gómez ◽  
Raúl Sánchez-Salguero ◽  
Pedro Ribera ◽  
Juan C. Linares
Keyword(s):  
North Atlantic Oscillation ◽  
Tree Ring ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Pinus Nigra ◽  
Western Mediterranean ◽  
Drought Severity ◽  
Drought Sensitivity ◽  
Westerly Index

Extreme drought events are becoming increasingly frequent and extended, particularly in Mediterranean drought-prone regions. In this sense, atmospheric oscillations patterns, such as those represented by the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index and the Westerly Index (WI) have been widely proven as reliable proxies of drought trends. Here, we used the Standardized Precipitation–Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI), as a reliable indicator of drought, to investigate the drought sensitivity of tree-ring width data (TRW) from several long-lived tree species (Abies borisii-regis, Abies cilicica, Abies pinsapo, Cedrus atlantica, Cedrus libanii, Pinus nigra, Pinus heldreichii). NAO and WI relations with TRW were also investigated in order to identify potential non-stationary responses among those drought proxies. Our temporal and spatial analyses support contrasting Mediterranean dipole patterns regarding the drought sensitivity of tree growth for each tree species. The spatial assessment of NAO and WI relationships regarding SPEI and TRW showed on average stronger correlations westward with non-stationary correlations between annual WI index and TRW in all species. The results indicate that the drought variability and the inferred drought-sensitive trees species (e.g., C. atlantica) are related to the NAO and the WI, showing that TRW is a feasible proxy to long-term reconstructions of Westerly Index (WI) variability in the Western Mediterranean region. Spatial variability of drought severity suggests a complex association between NAO and WI, likely modulated by an east–west Mediterranean climate dipole.

scholarly journals Light and propagule pressure affect invasion intensity of Prunus serotina in a 14-tree species forest common garden experiment

NeoBiota ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 1-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrzej M. Jagodziński ◽  
Marcin K. Dyderski ◽  
Paweł Horodecki ◽  
Kathleen S. Knight ◽  
Katarzyna Rawlik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Propagule Pressure ◽  
Light Availability ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Additive Models ◽  
Common Garden Experiment ◽  
Tree Stand ◽  
Biomass Increment ◽  
The Impact

Experiments testing multiple factors that affect the rate of invasions in forests are scarce. We aimed to assess how the biomass of invasive Prunusserotina changed over eight years and how this change was affected by light availability, tree stand growth, and propagule pressure. The study was conducted in Siemianice Experimental Forest (W Poland), a common garden forest experiment with 14 tree species. We investigated aboveground biomass and density of P.serotina within 53 experimental plots with initial measurements in 2005 and repeated in 2013. We also measured light availability and distance from seed sources. We used generalized additive models to assess the impact of particular predictors on P.serotina biomass in 2013 and its relative change over eight years. The relative biomass increments of P.serotina ranged from 0 to 22,000-fold. The success of P.serotina, expressed as aboveground biomass and biomass increment, varied among different tree species stands, but was greater under conifers. Total biomass of P.serotina depended on light and propagule availability while biomass increment depended on the change in tree stand biomass, a metric corresponding to tree stand maturation. Our study quantified the range of invasion intensity, expressed as biomass increment, in a forest common garden experiment with 14 tree species. Canopy cover was the most important variable to reduce susceptibility to invasion by P.serotina. Even a modest decrease of overstory biomass, e.g. caused by dieback of coniferous species, may be risky in areas with high propagule pressure from invasive tree species. Thus, P.serotina control may include maintaining high canopy closure and supporting natural regeneration of tree species with high leaf area index, which shade the understory.

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