scholarly journals Epigenomic Insight of Lingonberry: Health Promoting Trait Under Micropropagation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arindam Sikdar ◽  
Umanath Sharma ◽  
Rajesh Barua ◽  
Abir U. Igamberdiev ◽  
Samir C. Debnath
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Cytosine Methylation ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Secondary Compounds ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Micropropagated Plants

Abstract Epigenetic variation plays a role in developmental gene regulation and responses to the environment. An efficient interaction of zeatin induced cytosine methylation and secondary compounds has been displayed for the first time in tissue-culture shoots of lingonberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea) in vitro, in vivo and its cutting-cultivar Erntedank. Through MSAP assay, we observed highest methylated sites in leaf regenerants (LC1) from all primer combinations (108 bands), with their highest variation in secondary metabolites. We measured that four tissue-culture plants showed higher methylation bands than cutting propagated donor plants (ED) which exhibited 79 bands of methylation, which is comparatively low. On the other hand, we observed the highest total phenolic content in node culture-derived greenhouse grown plants, NC3 but leaf culture-derived greenhouse grown plants, LC1 represented low phenolic content. Our study showed more methylation in micropropagated plants (NC1, NC2, NC3, LC1) than those derived from cutting propagated ED plants, where methylation was not present. On the contrary, we observed higher secondary metabolites in ED plants but comparatively less in micropropagated shoots (NC1, NC2) and plants (NC3, LC1). Our study displayed that higher methylation sites observed in micropropagated plants possessed less amount of secondary metabolites.

scholarly journals Neuropharmacological studies of ethanolic extract of Vaccinium corymbosum on Alzheimer’s type dementia and catatonia in Swiss albino mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-248
Author(s):  
Hanish Singh Jayasingh Chellammal ◽  
Bama VV Menon ◽  
Mizaton Hazizul Hasan ◽  
Afiq Azil ◽  
Muhammad Taufiq Bin Suhaimi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Phenolic Content ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Vaccinium Corymbosum ◽  
Aluminium Chloride ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
Behavioural Changes

Introduction: Neuroactive herbal drugs enriched with antioxidants are valuable in treating neurocognitive dysfunction and Vaccinium corymbosum, enriched with antioxidant phytochemicals, is used for treating memory disorders. Hence, the present study evaluated the neuroprotective effects of ethanolic extract of Vaccinium corymbosum (EEVC) on aluminium chloride(AlCl3)-induced Alzheimer’s type of dementia and haloperidol-induced catalepsy-associated behavioural changes. Methods:In vitro antioxidant potential was evaluated using 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS). The total phenolic content (TPC) was quantified. For in vivo studies, AlCl3 (100 mg/kg) was orally administered for 42 days, whereas the EEVC was administered on the 21st day until the 42nd day in two doses (200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg). In the haloperidol-induced group, EEVC was treated for 21 days, and haloperidol (1 mg/kg) was administered to induce behavioural changes. Open-field, Y-Maze and traction tests were performed, and the mice brain acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme was determined. Results: IC50 values in DPPH and ABTS assays were 85.5 μg/mL and 80 μg/mL, respectively and the total phenolic content of EEVC was found to be 0.166 mg. In a behavioral study, animals treated with 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg of EEVC exhibited a neuroprotective impact on AlCl3-induced neurodegeneration and haloperidol-induced behavioral changes with significant inhibition (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively) in acetylcholinesterase enzyme. Conclusion: The neuroprotection by EEVC postulated that it is a promising therapeutic agent for treating behavioral and cognitive dysfunctions. Further investigations on pro-inflammatory cytokine and neuroendocrine regulation in transgenic Alzheimer’s disease (AD)models complement the therapeutic value of V. corymbosum.

scholarly journals Evaluation of in vitro antioxidant and anti-atherogenic properties of selected Siddha polyherbal decoctions

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 1707-1715
Author(s):  
Perumal Rajalakshmi ◽  
Vellingiri Vadivel ◽  
Sridharan Sriram ◽  
Pemaiah Brindha
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
In Vivo Model ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Maximum Inhibition ◽  
Polyphenolic Content ◽  
Herbal Formulations

This research work explains the antioxidant and anti-atherogenic effects of selected Siddha polyherbal decoctionssuch as Nilavembukudineer, Kabasurakudineer, NotchikudineerandAdathodaikudineer. Even though all the above decoctions have been used for fever, cold, cough, bronchitis, dysphonea and body pain in Siddha system of medicine, their antioxidant and anti-atherogenic properties were notinvestigated scientifically.We have analyzed the polyphenolic content, antioxidant and anti-atherogenic properties of decoction of the above-mentioned herbal formulations. The toxicity of the decoctions was also performed in PMBC.Inthe investigated formulations, Notchikudineershowed higher level of total phenolic content (560 mg GAE/100 g), followed byAdathodaikudineer (260 mg GAE/100 g),Nilavembukudineer(150 mg GAE/100 g) and Kabasurakudineer(90 mg GAE/100 g). Similarly, Notchikudineer exhibited strong antioxidant activity in terms of radical scavenging potential against DPPH (IC-50: 2.12 mg/L), followed the Adathodaikudineer (IC-50: 2.27 mg/L),Nilavembukudineer(IC-50: 4.48 mg/L) and Kabasurakudineer (IC-50: 9.29 mg/L).In toxicological study all the decoctions of selected formulations didn’t show any toxicity.Similarly, Nilavembukudineer showed maximum inhibition of lipid peroxidation when compared to other herbal decoctions. Among the investigated Siddha formulations, Nilavembukudineer was found to possess high antioxidant and anti-atherogenic potentials and hence it could be further investigated as anti-atherogenic drug using in vivo model.

In Vitro Antioxidant and In Vivo Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Ophioglossum thermale

2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (02) ◽  
pp. 279-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue-Qiong Zhang ◽  
Jin-Hwa Kim ◽  
Geun-Soo Lee ◽  
Hyeong-Bae Pyo ◽  
Eun-Young Shin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Total Phenolic Content ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Etoac Fraction ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Antioxidant fractions from Ophioglossum thermale were extracted with five different polar solvents using a Soxhlet type extractor. The total phenolic content of the extracts was determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu method. The ethyl acetate fraction of O. thermale was found to contain maximum phenolics. The dried fractions were screened for their antioxidant activity potential using in vitro model systems such as 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH), nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) and lipid-peroxidation reduction at different concentrations. Results revealed that the EtOAc fraction exhibited the best performance in the DPPH assay, NBT assay and lipid peroxidation. All fractions showed more potent antioxidant capacity than green tea extract, a well-known antioxidant. Furthermore, the EtOAc fraction has the highest total phenolic content (475.65 mg of EGCG/g). In addition, the EtOAc fraction at 0.005% and 0.01% (g/100 ml) also significantly inhibited UVB irradiation-induced ROS generation in human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs). In a carrageenan-induced edema model, the EtOAc fraction showed an inhibitory effect (21.5%, p < 0.05) at 200 mg/kg (p.o.) after 300 min administration. Consequently, 3-O-methylquercetin (3MQ) was also isolated from the antioxidative EtOAc fraction. The data obtained using the above in vitro and in vivo tests suggest that the antioxidant activity of O. thermale and its anti-inflammatory effect on carrageenan-induced acute inflammation can be attributed to its ameliorating effect on oxidative damage, and thus it has great potential as a source for natural health products. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the antioxidant activity of different polar extracts from O. thermale.

scholarly journals Protective Effect ofThunbergia laurifolia(Linn.) on Lead Induced Acetylcholinesterase Dysfunction and Cognitive Impairment in Mice

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moe Pwint Phyu ◽  
Jitbanjong Tangpong
Keyword(s):  
Ache Activity ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Tissue Sample ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Aqueous Leaf Extract ◽  
Swimming Test ◽  
Dose Dependent

Thunbergia laurifolia(linn., TL), a natural phenolic compound, has been reported to have many benefits and medicinal properties. The current study ascertains the total phenolic content present in TL aqueous leaf extract and also examines the antioxidant ability of the extract in preserving acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity of mice exposed to leadin vivoandin vitromodel. Mice were given lead acetate (Pb) in drinking water (1 g/L) together with TL 100 and 200 mg/kg/day. The result showed that Pb induced AChE dysfunction in bothin vitroandin vivostudies. TL significantly prevented Pb induced neurotoxicity in a dose-dependent manner which was indicated by comparatively better performance of TL treated mice in Morris Water Maze Swimming Test and increased AChE activity in the tissue sample collected from the brains of these mice. TL also exhibited the greatest amount of phenolic content, which has a significant positive correlation with its antioxidant capacity (P<0.05). Taken together, these data suggested that the total phenolic compounds in TL could exhibit antioxidant and in part neuroprotective properties. It may play a potential treatment strategy for Pb contamination.

scholarly journals Application of Horticultural and Tissue Culture Methods for Ex Situ Conservation of Endangered Primula farinosa L.

2020 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Sitek ◽  
Barbara Nowak ◽  
Michał Fecowicz ◽  
Zbigniew Gajewski ◽  
Piotr Dańda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
In Vitro Cultivation ◽  
Culture Methods ◽  
Transient Nature ◽  
Micropropagated Plants ◽  
The Difference

Our study aimed at active conservation of the last location of <em>Primula farinosa</em>, an endangered species in Poland, and assessed reproduction by seeds and plant propagation on sterile media in tissue culture conditions. We identified gibberellic acid (GA<sub data-id="subscript-1">3</sub>) as the key factor stimulating germination of <em>P. farinosa</em> seeds. Growing juvenile plants under controlled temperature of 18/16 °C day/night yielded good quality plant material without mycorrhization. In tissue culture, the most favorable medium for shoot propagation was MS supplemented with the lowest tested concentration of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA; 0.05 mg dm<sup data-id="superscript-1">−3</sup>) and 6-benzyl-aminopurine (BAP; 0.1 mg dm<sup data-id="superscript-2">−3</sup>). The rooting ability of shoots was high and comparable for all auxins used. 2C DNA content of seed-derived and micropropagated plants did not indicate any change in the ploidy level during in vitro cultivation. Plants derived from seeds and tissue cultures were compared in a 2-year study. Of all the characteristics compared, only the number of flowers per inflorescence was lower for micropropagated plants when compared with the seed-origin plants in the first year of observation. The difference was of transient nature and was not observed in the second year of the study. Effective protocols for in vivo and in vitro propagation of <em>P. farinosa</em> were developed, which can be used in practical species protection.

scholarly journals Comparative Assessment of Phenolic Bioaccessibility from 100% Grape Juice and Whole Grapes

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 440-440
Author(s):  
Zulfiqar Mohamedshah ◽  
Sydney Chadwick-Corbin ◽  
JoLynne Wightman ◽  
Mario Ferruzzi
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Total Phenolics ◽  
Grape Juice ◽  
In Vitro Digestion ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Grape Skin ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Table Grapes ◽  
Health Promoting

Abstract Objectives Grapes and their 100% juices are rich sources of health promoting phenolics. Juicing of grapes includes contact with phenolic rich seeds and skins that otherwise relies on mastication for phenolic release from fruit. To understand if 100% grape juice can provide a matrix with highly bioaccessible phenolics relative to whole fruit, differences in phenolic content and bioaccessibility from commonly consumed table, Concord (CG) and Niagara (NG) grapes and their 100% juices were compared. Methods Phenolic content in CG, NG, table grapes, 100% Concord grape juice (CGJ), and 100% Niagara grape juice (NGJ) were assayed by LC-MS prior to subjecting grapes and juices to in vitro digestion to determine phenolic bioaccessibility. Results are expressed as relative and absolute bioaccessible content of individual phenolic species and total phenolics as a sum of anthocyanins (AC), flavan-3-ols (FL3), flavonols (FV), stilbenoids, procyanidins, and phenolic acids (PA). Results Phenolic compounds were concentrated in CG and NG seeds as FL3 (304.1–390.7 mg/100 g dw). CG skins were rich in AC (1050.5 mg/100 g dw) and FV (80.8 mg/100 g dw). Grape product form had a significant impact on content (P &lt; 0.01), relative bioaccessibility, and absolute bioaccessibility (P &lt; 0.01). CG had a higher total phenolic content (21.9–50.7 mg/100 g fw) compared to CGJ (5.8 mg/100 g fw), though NG (4.9–10.8 mg/100 g fw) was similar in phenolic content as NGJ (9.4–10.8 mg/100 g fw). Absolute bioaccessibility of CGJ total phenolics (5.2 mg/100 g fw) was similar to CG (2.6–9.6 mg/100 g fw), while NGJ (5.1–5.7 mg/100 g fw) had higher bioaccessible phenolic content than NG (0.8–1.1 mg/100 g fw). Differences in initial content and bioaccessible fractions were driven by higher relative bioaccessibility of AC in CGJ (86–135%) compared to CG (14–39%) and FL3/PA in CGJ/NGJ (48–101; 39–85%) compared to CG/NG (0–3; 9–67%). Comparisons between juices and table grapes followed similar trends. Conclusions A greater fraction of grape skin and seed derived PA, AC, and FL3 are extracted through juicing and made bioaccessible relative to whole fruit. 100% juice may provide an improved matrix for delivery of grape phenolics and despite some processing losses, whole fruit and juice are similar in overall phenolic delivery to consumers. Funding Sources Welch Foods Inc.

scholarly journals Evaluation on In Vitro Blood Clot Dissolving Potential of Aqueous Extract of Sida acuta Burm. F. Leaves

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 96-99
Author(s):  
Anita Mishra ◽  
Shadma Siddiqui ◽  
Shreya Tiwari
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Total Phenolic Content ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Blood Clot ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Thrombolytic Activity ◽  
Sida Acuta

Clotting of blood is the vital processes and a perplexing interaction of various mechanisms of circulatory system due of failure of which is sometimes considered as a concern within the circulatory system causing acute myocardial or cerebral infarction which might cause demise. Sida acuta burm. f (Malvaceae) is abundantly growing small perennial shrub utilized by natives for diuretic, anthelmintic, calmative and wound healing properties, and are utilized in treating disorders like blood, bile, liver, nervous, urinary diseases and rheumatism. The present study was intended to evaluate the blood clot dissolving potential of Sida acuta leaf aqueous extract in vitro. The plant material as leaves were locally collected and subjected to phytochemical extraction with distilled water. The preliminary phytochemical tests total phenolic content was estimated by Folin-Ciocalteu’s method. In vitro thrombolytic activity of 3 different concentrations of aqueous extract was estimated on goat blood clot compared to the activity of streptokinase. The aqueous extract of S. acuta leaves  are reported to be rich in alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids and glycosides while the total phenolic content was estimated to be 17.48 % in extract which are mostly responsible for any pharmacological activity. Compared to the thrombolytic activity of standard streptokinase which was 73 %, the aqueous leaf extract of S. acuta displayed considerable blood clot dissolving activity at concentration 10 mg/100µl, 5.0 mg/100µl, and 2.5 mg/100µl as 41 %, 34 % and 12 % respectively. This property of plant extract is promising which could be could be exploited in development of new biopharmaceutical and therapeutic agents after stringent further physiological compatibility and in vivo pharmacological studies. Keywords: Sida acuta, phytochemical extract, thrombolytic activity, streptokinase

scholarly journals Redox Control of Antioxidant and Antihepatotoxic Activities ofCassia surattensisSeed Extract against Paracetamol Intoxication in Mice: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies of Herbal Green Antioxidant

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Seeta Uthaya Kumar ◽  
Yeng Chen ◽  
Jagat R. Kanwar ◽  
Sreenivasan Sasidharan
Keyword(s):  
Total Phenolic Content ◽  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Seed Extract ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Hepatic Diseases

The therapeutic potential ofCassia surattensisin reducing free radical-induced oxidative stress and inflammation particularly in hepatic diseases was evaluated in this study. The polyphenol richC. surattensisseed extract showed good in vitro antioxidant.C. surattensisseed extract contained total phenolic content of 100.99 mg GAE/g dry weight and there was a positive correlation (r>0.9) between total phenolic content and the antioxidant activities of the seed extract.C. surattensisseed extract significantly (p<0.05) reduced the elevated levels of serum liver enzymes (ALT, AST, and ALP) and relative liver weight in paracetamol-induced liver hepatotoxicity in mice. Moreover, the extract significantly (p<0.05) enhanced the antioxidant enzymes and glutathione (GSH) contents in the liver tissues, which led to decrease of malondialdehyde (MDA) level. The histopathological examination showed the liver protective effect ofC. surattensisseed extract against paracetamol-induced histoarchitectural alterations by maximum recovery in the histoarchitecture of the liver tissue. Furthermore, histopathological observations correspondingly supported the biochemical assay outcome, that is, the significant reduction in elevated levels of serum liver enzymes. In conclusion,C. surattensisseed extract enhanced the in vivo antioxidant status and showed antihepatotoxic activities, which is probably due to the presence of phenolic compounds.

scholarly journals Comparison of Antibacterial and Antifungal Effects of Different Varieties of Honey and Propolis Samples

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 515-523
Author(s):  
S. Kolayli ◽  
I. Palabiyik ◽  
D.S. Atik ◽  
M. Keskin ◽  
A. Bozdeveci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts ◽  
Antifungal Effects ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal

Honey is the most important bee product. There are many secondary metabolites, carbohydrates, enzymes, and vitamins in honey, thus, honey has antimicrobial activity. In this study, in vitro antimicrobial activity of forty-two honey and eight propolis ethanolic extracts (PEE) were investigated against 16 microorganisms. Total phenolic content ranged between 20.00–124.10 mg GAE/100 g and 103–232 mg GAE/g for honey and raw propolis samples, respectively. Pine and oak honeydew honeys had higher antimicrobial activity than four different grades of Manuka Honeys up to 18 mm minimum inhibition zone diameters. The ethanolic propolis extracts showed much higher antimicrobial activity than the honey samples. Fungi species were inhibited by the propolis samples. Helicobacter pylorii (H. pylorii) was the most sensitive, whereas Streptococcus agalactiae was the most resistant bacteria among the studied microorganisms. Brazilian and Zonguldak propolis had the closest antimicrobial activity to ampicillin, streptomycin, and fluconazole. It can be concluded that both honey and propolis could be used in preservative and complementary medicine.

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