Nitric Acid-Potassium Hydroxide Fractionation of Rice Straw: an Integrated Biorefinery Initiative

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Mostafizur Rahman ◽  
Nur-Al-Sarah Rafsan ◽  
Jannatun Nayeem ◽  
Mohammad Moniruzzaman ◽  
M. Sarwar Jahan
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Potassium Hydroxide ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Pulp Yield ◽  
Agricultural Residue ◽  
Low Potassium ◽  
Spent Liquor ◽  
Final Effluent

Abstract Rice straw was fractionated with nitric acid in order to avoid the cooking liquor recovery in pulp production from agricultural residue (rice straw). The rice straw treated with 11.03% nitric acid at 90 ℃ for 3hr yields 53.09% pulp. The nitric acid treated rice straw pulp had high amount of lignin and minerals. However, further treatment of nitric acid pulp with low potassium hydroxide reduced the lignin and ash sufficiently as well as the pulp yield. Pulp yield reduced from 53.09 to 34.27%. The papermaking properties of the nitric acid followed by KOH treated pulp showed better quality than the nitric acid pulp. Nitric acid liquor was used several times. Pulp yield decreased in every step of reusing of the nitric acid spent liquor although residual lignin content increased. The final effluent liquor was rich with potassium, nitrogen and biomass that can be used as soil nutrient for cultivation.

scholarly journals PREPARATION OF HIGH PERFORMANCE ACTIVATED CHARCOAL FROM RICE STRAW FOR COSMETIC AND PHARMACEUTICAL APPLICATIONS

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thanawat Pattananandecha ◽  
Sumontha Ramangkoon ◽  
Busaban Sirithunyalug ◽  
Jidapa Tinoi ◽  
Chalermpong Saenjum
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Iodine Number ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Aflatoxin B1 ◽  
Activated Charcoal ◽  
Potassium Hydroxide ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Pharmaceutical Applications

Objective: Rice straw is an agricultural waste material which has a negative impact on the environmental. This study’s aim was to prepare high-performance rice straw activated charcoal (RSAC) for cosmetic and pharmaceutical applications using chemical activation technique.Methods: Three cultivars of rice straw namely Dok Mali 105 (DM105), RD6 and Niaw San-Pah-Tawng were selected to determine the lignin content. The rice straw with the highest lignin content was selected to produce rice straw activated charcoal. The particle of size 20, 40 and 60 mesh was carbonized at 200, 300, 400, 500 and 600 °C for 1, 2, and 3 h. The obtained charcoal with the highest iodine number was then refluxed using potassium hydroxide and phosphoric acid as an activating agent in the ratios of 1:10 w/v at 70, 80, 90, and 100 °C for 2 (KOH) and 3 (H3PO4) h. The adsorption ability on iodine, methylene blue, acetaminophen, and aflatoxin B1 was investigated. Additionally, pore structure, pore size, and surface area were also determined relative to medical-grade activated charcoal.Results: DM105 rice straw contains the highest amount of lignin with 24.3 %w/w, followed by RD6 and Niaw San-Pah-Tawng, respectively. DM105 rice straw with particle size 60 mesh carbonized at 400 °C for 2 h (DM60T400H2) demonstrated the highest iodine number. The activation step of DM60T400H2 using 1:10 w/v potassium hydroxide at 70 and 80 °C for 2 h exhibited the highest iodine, methylene blue, acetaminophen, and aflatoxin B1 adsorption capacity. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) image and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) showed the microporous structure of obtained RSAC.Conclusion: RSAC prepared from rice straw of DM105 has potential in cosmetic or pharmaceutical applications.

scholarly journals DISSOLVING PULP FROM NON-WOOD PLANTS BY PREHYDROLYSISPOTASSIUM HYDROXIDE PROCESS

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 117-124
Author(s):  
AKASH MAMON SARKAR ◽  
JANNATUN NAYEEM ◽  
M. MOSTAFIZUR RAHAMAN ◽  
M. SARWAR JAHAN
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Potassium Hydroxide ◽  
Dissolving Pulp ◽  
Pulp Yield ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Corn Stalk ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Pulp Production ◽  
Rayon Fiber

The garment industry is the backbone of Bangladesh’s economy, which imports 30000 metric tons of rayon fiber every year. Bangladesh used to have a rayon plant, but it was shut down a long time ago. At present, the establishment of a new rayon plant in Bangladesh has become an objective. As a forest deficient country, non-wood plants need to be explored for rayon grade dissolving pulp production. Therefore, in this paper, prehydrolysis potassium hydroxide (KOH) pulping process has been investigated for dissolving pulp production from rice and wheat straws, corn stalk, dhaincha and jute stick. The lowest prehydrolysis yield was 70.1% obtained for corn stalks and the highest prehydrolysis yield was 92.1% for wheat straw. The KOH cooking of prehydrolysed rice straw, wheat straw and corn stalks with 14% alkali charge produced pulps with kappa numbers of 5.7, 4.5 and 8.8, respectively, while prehydrolysed dhaincha and jute stick needed 18% alkali charge to get a bleachable pulp. Dhaincha showed the highest pulp yield (37.3%) with the highest α-cellulose content (92.24%) and the lowest residual pentosan content (5.37%). Further purification with cold KOH extraction increased purity by 3% for rice straw pulp and by 1% for dhaincha, wheat straw, corn stalks and jute stick pulp. Thus, the dissolving pulp produced in this study by the prehydrolysis KOH process can meet the criteria for rayon grade pulp.

Anatomical, morphological and chemical characteristics of kaun straw (Seetaria-ltalika)

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 288-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taslima Ferdous ◽  
M. Abdul Quaiyyum ◽  
Shahriar Bashar ◽  
M. Sarwar Jahan
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Slenderness Ratio ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Pulp Yield ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Fiber Wall ◽  
Flexibility Coefficient

AbstractAnatomical, morphological and chemical characteristics of kaun straw were examined to assess their suitability for paper production and the properties were compared with wheat straw and rice straw. It was found that the fiber length of kaun straw is slightly shorter than that of wheat straw and longer than that of rice straw. It has wider fiber wall thickness than that of wheat straw and rice straw. It had acceptable derived values, especially slenderness ratio, which was lower than that of wheat straw and rice straw, and higher runkel ratio and lower flexibility coefficient. Chemical analysis of kaun straw revealed satisfactory levels of α-cellulose content (35.9 %) and klason lignin content (19.3 %). The ash content in kaun straw (7.32 %) showed lower value than that of wheat straw and rice straw. In optimum cooing conditions, kaun straw produced pulp yield of 30.0 % and 41.7 % with kappa number 15.1 and 22.5 in soda-AQ and formic acid pulping processes, respectively, the values of which were lower than that of wheat straw and rice straw.

scholarly journals Production of fiberboard from rice straw thermomechanical extrudates by thermopressing: influence of fiber morphology, water and lignin content

2018 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dyna Theng ◽  
Gerard Arbat ◽  
Marc Delgado-Aguilar ◽  
Bunthan Ngo ◽  
Laurent Labonne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rice Straw ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Fiber Morphology

scholarly journals Potassium hydroxide pulping of four non-woods

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Sutradhar ◽  
M Sarkar ◽  
J Nayeem ◽  
M Sarwar Jahan ◽  
C Tian
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Potassium Hydroxide ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Kappa Number ◽  
Pulp Yield ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Corchorus Capsularis ◽  
Sesbania Bispinosa ◽  
Soda Pulping ◽  
Good Substitute

Four non-woods such as, dhaincha (Sesbania bispinosa), jute stick (Corchorus capsularis), wheat straw (Triticum aestivum) and corn stalks (Zea mays) were cooked by potassium hydroxide (KOH) at the optimum conditions of soda pulping. Dhaincha, wheat straw and corn stalks were delignified to kappa number 19.4, 13.6 and 19, respectively, while jute stick was not delignified sufficiently (kappa number 32.5). All these four raw materials maintained good yield in KOH process. Dhaincha produced the highest pulp yield (50.5%) and wheat straw had the lowest pulp yield (44.7). All pulps were bleached by D0EpD1 bleaching sequences in identical bleaching conditions. Final pulp brightness reached to above 80% ISO except jute stick pulp. Jute stick pulp reached to 74.9% brightness only after the consumption of 30 kg ClO2/ ton of pulp. The overall bleaching yields were 92.6%, 88.4%, 90.1 and 90.8% for dhaincha, jute stick, wheat straw and corn stalks pulps, respectively. The oSR of these four non-wood bleached pulps was above 20, consequently improved papermaking in the unrefined state. Beating rapidly increased papermaking properties, as for example, the tensile index of dhaincha pulps increased from 49 N.m/g in the unrefined pulp to 90 N.m/g in the beaten 50 oSR. It can be seen that KOH is a good substitute to soda process for non-wood.Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res.53(1), 1-6, 2018

scholarly journals Chemical characteristics and Kraft pulping of tension wood from Eucalyptus globulus labill

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 1163-1172 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Graciela Aguayo ◽  
Regis Teixeira Mendonça ◽  
Paulina Martínez ◽  
Jaime Rodríguez ◽  
Miguel Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Eucalyptus Globulus ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Kraft Pulping ◽  
Pulp Yield ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Kraft Pulps ◽  
Opposite Wood ◽  
Alkali Consumption ◽  
Pulp Strength

Tension (TW) and opposite wood (OW) of Eucalyptus globulus trees were analyzed for its chemical characteristics and Kraft pulp production. Lignin content was 16% lower and contained 32% more syringyl units in TW than in OW. The increase in syringyl units favoured the formation of β-O-4 bonds that was also higher in TW than in OW (84% vs. 64%, respectively). The effect of these wood features was evaluated in the production of Kraft pulps from both types of wood. At kappa number 16, Kraft pulps obtained from TW demanded less active alkali in delignification and presented slightly higher or similar pulp yield than pulps made with OW. Fiber length, coarseness and intrinsic viscosity were also higher in tension than in opposite pulps. When pulps where refined to 30°SR, TW pulps needed 18% more revolutions in the PFI mill to achieve the same beating degree than OW pulps. Strength properties (tensile, tear and burst indexes) were slightly higher or similar in tension as compared with opposite wood pulps. After an OD0(EO)D1 bleaching sequence, both pulps achieved up to 89% ISO brightness. Bleached pulps from TW presented higher viscosity and low amount of hexenuronic acids than pulps from OW. Results showed that TW presented high xylans and low lignin content that caused a decrease in alkali consumption, increase pulp strength properties and similar bleaching performance as compared with pulps from OW.

scholarly journals Handmade paper from waste banana fibre

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
KMY Arafat ◽  
J Nayeem ◽  
AH Quadery ◽  
MA Quaiyyum ◽  
M Sarwar Jahan
Keyword(s):  
Lignin Content ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Natural Fibre ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Pulp Yield ◽  
Adjacent Area ◽  
Banana Fiber ◽  
Handmade Paper ◽  
Banana Fibre

Banana fibre is a natural fibre with high strength, which can be blended easily with cotton fibre or synthetic fibre to produce composite material. In the fiber extraction process, a substantial amount of lignocellulosic wastes are generated, disposal of which creates problem in the adjacent area. In this paper, extracted banana fiber (EBF) and waste banana fiber (WBF) were characterized in terms of chemical and morphological properties to produce handmade paper. WBF was characterized with lower α–cellulose, lignin content and longer fiber length. Pulping of EBF and WBF was carried out with varying active alkali and cooking time at boiling temperature. Pulp yield of WBF was 35.9% after 120 min of cooking with 8% alkali charge. In the unbeaten state the degrees of drainage resistance i.e. SR values were 65 and 71 for EBF and WBF, respectively. The tensile, burst and tear indices of WBF were 23.7 N.m/g, 2.2 kPa.m2/g and 5.0 mN.m2/g, respectively; these were much lower as compared to EBF. These values however, meet the requirement for handmade paper.Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res.53(2), 83-88, 2018

scholarly journals The study of patterns of influence of alkali treatment on properties of organosolvent cellulose from straw of rice

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
А.В. Вураско ◽  
Е.И. Симонова ◽  
А.Р. Минакова ◽  
Д.Д. Манойлович
Keyword(s):  
Metal Ions ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Alkali Treatment ◽  
Alkaline Treatment ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Color Determination ◽  
Visual Color

Получение доступных сорбентов на основе природных материалов, для визуального колористического определения содержания ионов металлов в загрязненных природных и сточных водах является актуальным направлением исследований. Сорбенты на основе технической целлюлозы удовлетворяют этим требованиям. В работе для получения технической целлюлозы предложено использовать биомассу соломы риса. Для удаления из соломы риса минерального компонента при проведении окислительно-органосольвентной варки используют стадию щелочной обработки, которая приводит к деструкции полисахаридов, снижая выход технической целлюлозы. В связи с этим целью работы является изучение закономерностей проведения щелочной обработки соломы риса для максимального сохранения высокого выхода технической целлюлозы, извлечения минеральной части и возможности применения данной целлюлозы в качестве колористического сорбента. С учетом предварительных исследований найдены оптимальные значения технологических факторов, обеспечивающих высокий выход волокнистого материала из соломы риса при минимальном содержании в нем минеральных компонентов. Последующая органосольвентная варка позволяет получить техническую целлюлозу с выходом – 48,8% от абсолютно сухого сырья (а.с.с), зольностью 0,05% от а.с.с., содержанием лигнина 2,5% от а.с.с., удовлетворительными прочностными характеристиками, высокими сорбционными свойствами, необходимой белизной и рН водной вытяжки. Выявлено, что техническая целлюлоза из соломы риса содержит металлы, накопленные биомассой за вегетативный период. Щелочная обработка и окислительно-органосольвентная делигнификация в большинстве случаев приводят к снижению концентрации металлов в технической целлюлозе. Исключение составляют алюминий, железо и свинец, содержание которых в технической целлюлозе увеличивается. Таким образом, целлюлоза, полученная в оптимальных условиях щелочной обработки и последующей окислительно-органосольвентной варки из соломы риса, с учетом содержащихся в ней металлов, пригодна для использования в качестве сорбента для визуального колористического определения содержания ионов металлов в загрязненных природных и сточных водах. Receive available sorbents based on natural materials for visual color determination of the content of metal ions in contaminated natural and waste waters is a topical area of research. Sorbents on the basis of technical cellulose satisfy these requirements. In the process of obtaining technical cellulose is proposed to use biomass straw rice. Removal of straw rice mineral component when carrying out the oxidation-organosolvent use the cooking stage alkali treatment, which leads to degradation of polysaccharides, reducing the output of technical cellulose. In this regard, the aim of this work is to study the regularities of the alkaline treatment of rice straw for maximum preservation of the high output technical cellulose, extracting the mineral and the possibility of using the cellulose as the colour of the sorbent. Taking into account the preliminary studies, optimal conditions of technological factors were found ensuring a high yield of fibrous material from rice straw with a minimum content of mineral components in it. Subsequent organosolvent pulping yields technical pulp with a yield of 48.8% bone dry raw material (BDRM), an mineral ash content of 0.05% of BDRM, a lignin content of 2.5% of BDRM, satisfactory strength properties, high sorption properties, the necessary whiteness and pH of aqueous extract. It is revealed that the technical cellulose from straw of rice contains metals accumulated biomass during the vegetation period. Alkaline treatment and oxidative-organosolvent the delignification in most cases leads to a decrease of metal concentrations in pulp technical. With the exception of aluminum, iron and lead, the content of which is technical cellulose increases. Thus, cellulose obtained in optimum conditions of alkaline treatment and subsequent oxidation-organosolvent pulping of straw of rice, taking into account the contained metals suitable for use as a sorbent for visual color determination of the content of metal ions in polluted natural and sewage waters.

scholarly journals Chemical composition and fiber properties of fast-growing species in Latvia and its potential for forest bioindustry

2017 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inese Sable ◽  
Uldis Grinfelds ◽  
Laura Vikele ◽  
Linda Rozenberga ◽  
Dagnija Lazdina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Kraft Pulp ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Pulp Yield ◽  
Fine Content ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
Pulp Fibres ◽  
Global Energy Supply ◽  
Fast Growing Species

AbstractBioenergy, including energy from wood, currently provides about 9–13% of the total global energy supply. Every fibre of fast-growing wood has a value for its potential use as a material in both pulp and paper and wood chemical industries. The aim of this study was to assess the chemical composition and fibre’s properties of fast-growing species in Latvia – aspen, hybrid aspen, lodgepole pine, poplar and willow. Results showed a variation of cellulose, lignin, extractives and ash contents among the species. Kraft pulp yield and amount of residual lignin were measured and properties of pulp fibres determined. Form factor and fine content in pulp were measured. Poplar and aspen wood had the highest content of cellulose, while lodgepole pine had the highest lignin content in wood and the longest kraft pulp fibres. Willow had 20% of fines in pulp. Individual results suggest the most suitable application of each species.

scholarly journals Effects of Ground and Unground Rice Straw on the Yield and Proximate Composition of Groundnut (Arachis hypogeae L.)

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 176-180
Author(s):  
Abdul'Aziz AYINLA ◽  
Bolaji Umar OLAYINKA ◽  
Emmanuel Obukohwo ETEJERE
Keyword(s):  
Rice Straw ◽  
Proximate Composition ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Main Plot ◽  
Nutrient Amendment ◽  
The University

A field experiment was carried out to evaluate the influence of ground and unground rice straw application as organic manure on the yield and proximate composition of groundnut seeds, at the University of Ilorin teaching and research farm. The field layout was a split plot Complete Randomized Block Design with four replications. The ground and unground rice straw were in the main plot and different application rates of the rice straw (0; 1,250; 2,500; 3,750 and 5,000 kg /ha) were in the subplots. The results revealed that ground and unground rice straws at 1,250 and 2,500 kg/ha application rates significantly increased (p < 0.05) yield attributes such as pods’ number with a range of 48.33-74.33 pod weight (23.95-42.70), number of seeds (45.67-77.33), seeds’ weight (13.55-25.56 g) and hundred seed weight (34.34-38.05 g) as well as some aspect of proximate composition such as ash content, crude protein and crude fats which ranged between 2.71-2.79%, 31.47-31.56% and 46.61-47.13% respectively, in order of their mention. The forgoing study revealed that ground and unground rice straw applied at the rate of 1,250 and 2,500 kg/ha can serve as an alternative for soil nutrient amendment in groundnut as it ensured a reasonable yield that is able to meet the nutritional needs of man and livestock.

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