scholarly journals Utilization of Innovative Medical Technologies In German Inpatient Care: Does Evidence Matter?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helene Eckhardt ◽  
Susanne Felgner ◽  
Marie Dreger ◽  
Sabine Fuchs ◽  
Hanna Ermann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inpatient Care ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
The Body ◽  
Bibliographic Databases ◽  
Multilevel Regression ◽  
Clinical Trial Registries ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background: The reimbursement of new technologies in inpatient care is not always linked to a requirement for evidence-based evaluation of patient benefit. In Germany, every new technology approved for market was until recently reimbursable unless explicitly excluded. It was therefore unclear whether the implementation of innovative technologies is guided by scientific evidence. This work aimed to explore the relationship between clinical evidence and utilization for 25 selected technologies in German inpatient care.Methods: Different methods were applied. A systematic search for evidence published between 2003 and 2017 was conducted in four bibliographic databases; clinical trial registries; resources for clinical guidelines; and health technology assessment - databases. Information was also collected on funding mechanisms and safety notices. Utilization was measured by hospital cases captured in claims data. The body of evidence, funding and safety notices per technology were analysed descriptively. The relationship between utilization and evidence was explored empirically using a multilevel regression analysis.Results: The number of included publications per technology ranges from two to 498. For all technologies, non-comparative studies form the bulk of the evidence. The number of randomised controlled clinical trials per technology ranges from zero to 19. Some technologies were utilized for several years without an adequate evidence base. A relationship between evidence and utilization could be shown for several but not all technologies.Conclusions: This study reveals a mixed picture regarding the evidence available for new technologies, and the relationship between the development of evidence and the use of technologies over time. Although the influence of funding and safety notices requires further investigation, these results re-emphasize the need for strengthening market approval standards and HTA pathways as well as approaches such as “coverage with evidence development”.

Living with Barren Truths: A Tale of Triumphalism and Tribulations of a Technology

2021 ◽  
pp. 097168582110159
Author(s):  
Sital Mohanty ◽  
Subhasis Sahoo ◽  
Pranay Kumar Swain
Keyword(s):  
Gender Discrimination ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
The Body ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Social Fact ◽  
Science Technology ◽  
The Subject ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Relationship

Science, technology and human values have been the subject of enquiry in the last few years for social scientists and eventually the relationship between science and gender is the subject of an ongoing debate. This is due to the event of globalization which led to the exponential growth of new technologies like assisted reproductive technology (ART). ART, one of the most iconic technological innovations of the twentieth century, has become increasingly a normal social fact of life. Since ART invades multiple human discourses—thereby transforming culture, society and politics—it is important what is sociological about ART as well as what is biological. This article argues in commendation of sociology of technology, which is alert to its democratic potential but does not concurrently conceal the historical and continuing role of technology in legitimizing gender discrimination. The article draws the empirical insights from local articulations (i.e., Odisha state in eastern India) for the understandings of motherhood, freedom and choice, reproductive right and rights over the body to which ART has contributed. Sociologically, the article has been supplemented within the broader perspectives of determinism, compatibilism alongside feminism.

scholarly journals MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROMES AND IRON CHELATION THERAPY

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. e2017021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emanuele Angelucci ◽  
Silvana Anna Maria Urru ◽  
Federica Pilo ◽  
Alberto Piperno
Keyword(s):  
Iron Overload ◽  
Myelodysplastic Syndromes ◽  
Tissue Damage ◽  
Clinical Evidence ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Iron Chelation ◽  
Organ Damage ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Toxic Damage ◽  
The Relationship

Over recent decades we have been fortunate to witness the advent of new technologies and of an expanded knowledge and application of chelation therapies to the benefit of patients with iron overload. However, extrapolation of learnings from thalassemia to the myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) has resulted in a fragmented and uncoordinated clinical evidence base. We’re therefore forced to change our understanding of MDS, looking with other eyes to observational studies that inform us about the relationship between iron and tissue damage in these subjects. The available evidence suggests that iron accumulation is prognostically significant in MDS, but levels of accumulation historically associated with organ damage (based on data generated in the thalassemias) are infrequent. Emerging experimental data have provided some insight into this paradox, as our understanding of iron-induced tissue damage has evolved from a process of progressive bulking of organs through high-volumes iron deposition, to one of ‘toxic’ damage inflicted through multiple cellular pathways. Damage from iron may therefore occur prior to reaching reference thresholds, and similarly, chelation may be of benefit before overt iron overload is seen. In this review, we revisit the science and clinical evidence for iron overload in MDS to better characterise the iron overload phenotype in these patients, which is distinct from the classical transfusional and non-transfusional iron overload syndrome. We hope this will provide a conceptual framework to better understand the complex associations between anemia, iron and clinical outcomes, to accelerate progress in this area.

scholarly journals NEW TRAINING TECHNOLOGIES AND THEIR USE IN TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES: SURVEY EVIDENCE FROM LITHUANIA

2008 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vilmantė Kumpikaitė ◽  
Ramunė Čiarnienė
Keyword(s):  
Human Resource Development ◽  
Human Resource ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Resistance To Change ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Mediating Effects ◽  
Management And Development ◽  
E Learning ◽  
Development Processes ◽  
The Relationship

There is emerging evidence that new technologies are related to improvements in productivity. Nevertheless, in considering the relationship between new technology and productivity, it is vital to consider human resource management and development issues due to their mediating effects on the relationship between new technology and productivity. This paper focuses on training technologies, especially e‐learning. The increasing use of new technologies to deliver training and to store and communicate knowledge means that trainers must be technologically literate. That is, they must understand the strengths and weaknesses of new technologies and implementation issues such as overcoming users’ resistance to change. The paper reports the findings of a study of 724 Lithuanian employees, which revealed relatively weak usage of new technologies and e‐learning in human resource development processes.

scholarly journals Constitutional democracy and technology in the age of artificial intelligence

2018 ◽  
Vol 376 (2133) ◽  
pp. 20180089 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Nemitz
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Rule Of Law ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Constitutional Democracy ◽  
Theme Issue ◽  
Internet Economy ◽  
Core Elements ◽  
Technological Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Given the foreseeable pervasiveness of artificial intelligence (AI) in modern societies, it is legitimate and necessary to ask the question how this new technology must be shaped to support the maintenance and strengthening of constitutional democracy. This paper first describes the four core elements of today's digital power concentration, which need to be seen in cumulation and which, seen together, are both a threat to democracy and to functioning markets. It then recalls the experience with the lawless Internet and the relationship between technology and the law as it has developed in the Internet economy and the experience with GDPR before it moves on to the key question for AI in democracy, namely which of the challenges of AI can be safely and with good conscience left to ethics, and which challenges of AI need to be addressed by rules which are enforceable and encompass the legitimacy of democratic process, thus laws. The paper closes with a call for a new culture of incorporating the principles of democracy, rule of law and human rights by design in AI and a three-level technological impact assessment for new technologies like AI as a practical way forward for this purpose. This article is part of a theme issue ‘Governing artificial intelligence: ethical, legal, and technical opportunities and challenges’.

scholarly journals 人工智能批判的話語悖論

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-137
Author(s):  
Fen LIN
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Critical Issue ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Social Nature ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Medical Accident ◽  
The Relationship

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract in English only.In the dominant discourse of the "human–machine relationship," people and machines are the subjects, with a mutually shaping influence. However, this framework neglects the crux of the current critical analysis of AI. It reduces the problems with new technology to the relationship between people and machines, ignoring the re-shaping of the relationship between "people and people" in the era of new technology. This simplification may mislead policy and legal regulations for new technologies. Why would a robot killing cause more panic than a murder committed by a human? Why is a robot's misdiagnosis more troubling than a doctor's? Why do patients assume that machines make more accurate diagnoses than doctors? When a medical accident occurs, who is responsible for the mistakes of an intelligent medical system? In the framework of traditional professionalism, the relationship between doctors and patients, whether trusted or not, is based on the premise that doctors have specialized knowledge that patients do not possess. Therefore, the authority of a doctor is the authority of knowledge. In the age of intelligence, do machines provide information or knowledge? Can this strengthen or weaken the authority of doctors? It is likely that in the age of intelligence, the professionalism, authority and trustworthiness of doctors require a new knowledge base. Therefore, the de-skilling of doctors is not an issue of individual doctors, but demands an update of the knowledge of the entire industry. Recognizing this, policy makers must not focus solely on the use of machines, but take a wider perspective, considering how to promote the development of doctors and coordinate the relationship between doctors with different levels of knowledge development. We often ask, "In the era of intelligence, what defines a human?" This philosophical thinking should be directed toward not only the difference between machines and people as individuals, but also how the relationship between human beings, i.e., the social nature of humans, evolves in different technological environments. In short, this commentary stresses that a "good" machine or an "evil" machine—beyond the sci-fi romance of such discourse—reflects the evolution of the relationships between people. In today's smart age, the critical issue is not the relationship between people and machines. It is how people adjust their relationships with other people as machines become necessary tools in life. In the era of intelligence, therefore, our legislation, policy and ethical discussion should resume their focus on evolutionary relationships between people.DOWNLOAD HISTORY | This article has been downloaded 41 times in Digital Commons before migrating into this platform.

Australian visual arts: libraries and the new technologies

1996 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Thomson ◽  
Joye Volker
Keyword(s):  
World Wide Web ◽  
Visual Arts ◽  
World Wide ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Bibliographic Databases ◽  
The Internet ◽  
The World ◽  
Electronic Networking ◽  
Multimedia Resource

Electronic networking has been welcomed in Australia not least because of its potential to help solve problems of distances within Australia and of the isolation of Australia. In the world as a whole, the Internet, and the World Wide Web in particular, is transforming the communication of art information and access to art images. Three Australian Web servers focus on the visual arts: Art Serve, Diva, and AusArts. A number of initiatives intended to provide online bibliographic databases devoted to Australian art were launched in the 1980s. More recently a number of CD-ROMs have been published. As elsewhere, art librarians in Australia need new skills to integrate these products of new technology into the art library, and to transform the latter into a multimedia resource centre.

The Time Perception in Contemporary

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S717-S717
Author(s):  
D.F. Burgese ◽  
D.P. Bassitt ◽  
D. Ceron-Litvoc ◽  
G.B. Liberali
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
New Technology ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
Relationship Processes ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
New Phenomena ◽  
The Relationship

With the advent of new technologies, the man begins to experience a significant change in the perception of the other, time and space. The acceleration of time promoted by new technology does not allow the exercise of affection for the consolidation of ties, relations take narcissists hues seeking immediate gratification and the other is understood as a continuation of the self, the pursuit of pleasure. It is the acceleration of time, again, which leads man to present the need for immediate, always looking for the new – not new – in an attempt to fill an inner space that is emptied. The retention of concepts and pre-stressing of temporality are liquefied, become fleeting. We learn to live in the world and the relationship with the other in a frivolous and superficial way. The psychic structure, facing new phenomena experienced, loses temporalize capacity and expand its spatiality, it becomes pathological. Post-modern inability to retain the past, to analyze the information received and reflect, is one of the responsible for the mental illness of today's society. From a temporality range of proper functioning, the relationship processes with you and your peers will have the necessary support to become viable and healthy.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals New Technology and the Non-Manual Labour Process in Britain

2005 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 306-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony E. Smith
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Work Organization ◽  
Technical Innovation ◽  
Managerial Control ◽  
Occupational Groups ◽  
Labour Process ◽  
Manual Labour ◽  
Manual Skills ◽  
The Relationship

Drawing on evidence from five detalled case studies, this paper focuses on the relationship between technical innovation and non-manual skills and work organization. In none of these cases could the introduction of new technologies simply equate technical innovation with deskilling and enhanced managerial control. Indeed, one of the more interesting and important findings of the research was that technological change has been more favourable for technical than for clerical occupational groups.

Object biographies

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Brück
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
The Body ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Cloth Production ◽  
Yellow Ochre ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Physical Boundary ◽  
The Bronze Age

In September 1886, John and Richard Mortimer excavated a large barrow at Garton Slack, East Yorkshire (Mortimer 1905, 229). At the centre of the barrow lay the inhumation burial of a young adult male. A flint knife, a clay button, and two lumps of yellow ochre had been arranged behind his head; at his left hand were two quartz pebbles and fragments of two boar’s tusks, while the scapula of a pig had been laid on top of his ribs. One detail of this burial seems particularly alien to contemporary eyes, however. When the body had begun to decompose, his mandible was removed and placed carefully on his chest, and a miniature Food Vessel inserted into his mouth. Here, a pot replaced an element of the human self and the physical boundary between person and object was elided: the open mouths of both pot and body worked as channels through which relationships flowed in processes of communication and commensality. This chapter will explore the relationship between people and objects in the Bronze Age. The Bronze Age saw the introduction of new technologies, notably metalworking, which had a significant impact on concepts of personhood and identity. A greater diversity of materials was employed than in previous centuries, including visually striking substances such as amber and faience, while more ‘mundane’ materials such as bone were used to make a new and wider variety of objects, particularly during the later part of the period. Such objects were incorporated into new contexts too, notably settlements and burials, and our interpretation of these finds—especially those from burials and hoards—has had a significant impact on our understanding of the period. We will start by examining objects from Early Bronze Age contexts, focusing in particular on burials, before moving on to consider what technologies such as metalworking and cloth production can tell us about the construction of concepts of the self in the Middle and Late Bronze Age. During the early part of the period, artefacts such as copper-alloy daggers, bone pins, pottery vessels, and stone tools were buried with the dead.

scholarly journals Pornography, Sexual Coercion and Abuse and Sexting in Young People’s Intimate Relationships: A European Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (19) ◽  
pp. 2919-2944 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicky Stanley ◽  
Christine Barter ◽  
Marsha Wood ◽  
Nadia Aghtaie ◽  
Cath Larkins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Interpersonal Violence ◽  
Sexual Coercion ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Abusive Behavior ◽  
Online Pornography ◽  
Large Survey ◽  
The Relationship

New technology has made pornography increasingly accessible to young people, and a growing evidence base has identified a relationship between viewing pornography and violent or abusive behavior in young men. This article reports findings from a large survey of 4,564 young people aged 14 to 17 in five European countries which illuminate the relationship between regular viewing of online pornography, sexual coercion and abuse and the sending and receiving of sexual images and messages, known as “sexting.” In addition to the survey, which was completed in schools, 91 interviews were undertaken with young people who had direct experience of interpersonal violence and abuse in their own relationships. Rates for regularly viewing online pornography were very much higher among boys and most had chosen to watch pornography. Boys’ perpetration of sexual coercion and abuse was significantly associated with regular viewing of online pornography. Viewing online pornography was also associated with a significantly increased probability of having sent sexual images/messages for boys in nearly all countries. In addition, boys who regularly watched online pornography were significantly more likely to hold negative gender attitudes. The qualitative interviews illustrated that, although sexting is normalized and perceived positively by most young people, it has the potential to reproduce sexist features of pornography such as control and humiliation. Sex and relationships education should aim to promote a critical understanding of pornography among young people that recognizes its abusive and gendered values.

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