scholarly journals Contribution of Bioenergy to the Modern Energy Services in Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shasho Megersa ◽  
Kedir Jemal ◽  
Buzayehu Desisa
Keyword(s):  
Total Energy ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Herfindahl Index ◽  
Energy Services ◽  
Low Diversity ◽  
Primary Energy Supply

Abstract Biomass based traditional energy has been the main energy supply in Ethiopia. Efforts are being made to shift to modern bioenergy utilization but the level of contribution of modern bioenergy to the total energy supply of the country’s supply is not computed. In this synthesis we described the contribution of bioenergy to modern energy utilization in the country. Data used here was retrieved from the country’s official reports and published literatures. Access to modern cooking services in the country was particularly focused on and both biogas feedstock productivities and biogas processing efficiencies were calculated. Herfindahl Index (HI) was calculated to observe the change in the diversity of the total primary energy supply due to bioenergy in the country. Results indicated that only a few households, 10%, had access to modern bioenergy services. Less than 0.10% of households have a biogas digester. The HI values showed the low diversity of the energy supply and the very limited contribution of modern bioenergy. This synthesis indicated that the contribution of modern bioenergy to the energy supply of the country is very low. Very low difference was observed between Herfindahl Indexes with and without considering modern bioenergy in the total primary energy supply (TPES) of the country is also found to be insignificant. Results found indicated lower diversity of the energy supply of Ethiopia and very limited contribution of modern bioenergy to the diversity and security of the energy supply.

Beyond Malthus

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen Araújo
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Innovation Policy ◽  
Heat Budget ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Fuel Combustion ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Primary Energy Supply

This chapter explores the evolving understanding of carbon and sustainability since the 18th and 19th centuries. Relevant applications of influential ideas are then identified with respect to knowledge, innovation, policy, and meta-level change. More than 100 years ago, Swedish scientist Svante Arrhenius hypothesized about the onset of ice ages and interglacial periods by considering high latitude temperature shifts (NASA Earth Observatory, n.d.). Applying an energy budget model and ideas of other scientists, like John Tyndall, Arrhenius argued that changes in trace atmospheric constituents, particularly carbon dioxide, could significantly alter the Earth’s heat budget (Arrhenius, 1896, 1897; NASA Earth Observatory, n.d.). Today, science indicates that the global, average surface temperature has continued to rise alongside the increase in greenhouse gases. Among global GHGs, CO2 emissions have increased by more than a factor of 1,000 in absolute terms since 1800. During that time, global carbon emissions found in the primary energy supply increased by roughly 6% per year (Grubler, 2008a). This growth in carbon emissions from energy is significant because CO2 from fuel combustion dominates global GHG emissions (IEA, 2015a and 2015b; IPCC, 2013). As noted earlier, 68% of the global GHGs that are attributed to human activity are linked to the energy sector; namely, fuel combustion and fugitive emissions (IEA, 2015a). Within this share, 90% consisted of CO2 (IEA, 2015a). In contrast to the rise in absolute numbers, carbon emissions per unit of output in the global primary energy supply has decreased 36% overall or by slightly less than 0.2% per year over the past two centuries (Grubler, 2008a). This subtle decarbonizing pattern in the energy mix is explained by the faster growth rate of energy use in relation to the rate of carbon emissions from that use. The delinking of energy utilization and carbon emissions occurred in part with the introduction of less carbon-intensive fossil fuel sources, like natural gas, in which a higher hydrogen-to-carbon ratio is evident (Gibbons and Gwin, 2009; Grubler, 2004, citing Marchetti, 1985).

scholarly journals Delaying future sea-level rise by storing water in Antarctica

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 203-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Frieler ◽  
M. Mengel ◽  
A. Levermann
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Ocean Water ◽  
Additional Mass ◽  
Dynamic Perspective ◽  
Primary Energy Supply ◽  
The Antarctic

Abstract. Even if greenhouse gas emissions were stopped today, sea level would continue to rise for centuries, with the long-term sea-level commitment of a 2 °C warmer world significantly exceeding 2 m. In view of the potential implications for coastal populations and ecosystems worldwide, we investigate, from an ice-dynamic perspective, the possibility of delaying sea-level rise by pumping ocean water onto the surface of the Antarctic ice sheet. We find that due to wave propagation ice is discharged much faster back into the ocean than would be expected from a pure advection with surface velocities. The delay time depends strongly on the distance from the coastline at which the additional mass is placed and less strongly on the rate of sea-level rise that is mitigated. A millennium-scale storage of at least 80 % of the additional ice requires placing it at a distance of at least 700 km from the coastline. The pumping energy required to elevate the potential energy of ocean water to mitigate the currently observed 3 mm yr−1 will exceed 7 % of the current global primary energy supply. At the same time, the approach offers a comprehensive protection for entire coastlines particularly including regions that cannot be protected by dikes.

scholarly journals A Comparison of α-Sutte Indicator and ARIMA Methods in Renewable Energy Forecasting in Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1.6) ◽  
pp. 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ansari Saleh Ahmar
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Energy Forecasting ◽  
Indicator Method ◽  
New Energy ◽  
Primary Energy Supply

Humans in this world are very dependent on petroleum and energy. Petroleum and other energies are a major source in supporting human life. Regarding the reduced petroleum availability, a new energy is needed to replace the role of petroleum. Nowadays, there is much renewable energy that have been discovered and used. The purpose of this research is to predict the total primary energy supply in Indonesia by using α-Sutte Indicator and ARIMA method, and comparing those four methods which are effective in predicting data. Data from the research is renewable energy (total primary energy supply) which is obtained from OECD from 1971-2015. From the research, it is found that the α-Sutte Indicator method is more suitable to predict renewable energy (total primary energy supply) data in Indonesia compared to ARIMA (0,1,0). 

scholarly journals The Economics of Renewable Energy Sources into Electricity Generation in Tanzania

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baraka Kichonge ◽  
Iddi S. N. Mkilaha ◽  
Geoffrey R. John ◽  
Sameer Hameer
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Electricity Generation ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Renewable Energy Technologies ◽  
Energy Technologies ◽  
Primary Energy Supply

The study analyzes the economics of renewable energy sources into electricity generation in Tanzania. Business as usual (BAU) scenario and renewable energy (RE) scenario which enforce a mandatory penetration of renewable energy sources shares into electricity generations were analyzed. The results show total investment cost for the BAU scenario is much lower as compared to RE scenario while operating and maintenance variable costs are higher in BAU scenario. Primary energy supply in BAU scenario is higher tied with less investment costs as compared to RE scenario. Furthermore, the share of renewable energy sources in BAU scenario is insignificant as compared to RE scenario due to mandatory penetration policy imposed. Analysis concludes that there are much higher investments costs in RE scenario accompanied with less operating and variable costs and lower primary energy supply. Sensitivity analysis carried out suggests that regardless of changes in investments cost of coal and CCGT power plants, the penetration of renewable energy technologies was still insignificant. Notwithstanding the weaknesses of renewable energy technologies in terms of the associated higher investments costs, an interesting result is that it is possible to meet future electricity demand based on domestic resources including renewables.

Visualizing the Energy Production, Imports and Exports for Countries

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luisa Vargas Suarez ◽  
Jason Donev
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Interactive Simulation ◽  
The World ◽  
Energy Service ◽  
Primary Energy Supply ◽  
Conceptual Difficulties

<p>There are extensive conceptual difficulties in understanding a country’s energy story. Every country in the world uses some combination of energy production, imports, and exports energy to meet their society’s needs. Thermal inefficiencies converting primary energy into electricity further confuse the issues. A visualization using large, publicly available data can help illustrate these different energy perspectives. This data visualization helps clarify the following perspectives: Production, Imports, Exports, Total Primary Energy Supply (TPES), Total Final Consumption (TFC), and the conversion losses from turning TPES into TFC. TPES refers to the total amount of energy a country obtains directly from natural resources such as fossil fuels or wind. TFC refers to the addition of the all energy directly consumed by a user for an energy service such as electricity for lighting in a house. This paper discusses the interactive simulation that was built to allow users to explore the composition of a country’s energy production, imports and exports through the conversion into energy people consume. The simulation allows users to explore the energy stories for different countries, and how these change over the decades.</p>

Decoupling Analysis of Economic Growth and Total Primary Energy Supply for the BRICS: 1971-2008

2011 ◽  
Vol 84-85 ◽  
pp. 765-769
Author(s):  
He Ming Wang ◽  
Qiang Yue ◽  
Zhong Wu Lu
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Resource Consumption ◽  
Gdp Growth ◽  
Decoupling Analysis ◽  
Primary Energy Supply ◽  
Total Resource

The decoupling conditions of GDP and Total Primary Energy Supply (TPES) for the BRICS in the period 1971-2008 were analyzed. It is concluded that in the studied period, the decoupling indicators of China and Russia are relatively higher than that of Brazil, South Africa and India. The BRICS’s decoupling distribution is similar to China, because China accounts for most part of TPES and GDP of the BRICS. To restrain the total resource or energy consumption from increasing too fast, it is suggested to match the indicators of GDP growth and the decreasing rate of resource consumption per unit of GDP appropriately.

Development of the Large-Scale Coal Base and the Modern Mine in China: The Present Situation and Future Tasks

2012 ◽  
Vol 524-527 ◽  
pp. 3066-3069
Author(s):  
Xian Ping Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Energy Supply ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Present Situation ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Coal Industry ◽  
Coal Production ◽  
Advanced Technologies ◽  
Primary Energy Supply ◽  
Chinese Coal

The consumption of coal is increasing continuously with the development of economy. Coal accounting for 70% of total primary energy supply is the most key energy source in China. Thus, the modernization construction of coal industry is very important for China. The goal of this study is to research the present situation and future tasks of large-scale coal bases and modern mines construction in China. The results show that China is orderly constructing 14 large-scale coal bases. In the large-scale coal bases, more and more modern mines have been built, but Chinese coal industry modernization level still remains a lower level. At the same time, the results show that modern mine construction is not balanced in different bases. Based on the existing experience, therefore, promoting coal production capacity, applying the advanced technologies or methods, and advancing further modern mine construction, are major tasks of Chinese coal industry at present and in the future.

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