scholarly journals A Preliminary Study of Tumor Microenvironment Interleukin-4 as Promoter in Immune Escape Event in Prostate Cancer

Author(s):  
Raden Danarto ◽  
Ery Kus Dwianingsih ◽  
Yurisal Akhmad Dany ◽  
Lucky Frannata ◽  
Ibnu Widya Argo ◽  
...  

Abstract Introduction : This study aims to investigate the relationship between IL-4 expression with Apoptosis-associated gene receptors (PD-1, CTLA-4) and Programmed Death-1 Ligands (PD-L1, PD-L2) in the microenvironment of prostate cancer tissue.Methods : The samples were collected from single-center hospital in a period from 2014 to 2020. Deparaffinize formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded and RNAs extraction by manufacturer’s protocol with slight modification was performed. The RNAs expressions were investigated by using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Then we categorize them into 4 groups. The ANOVA test is used to compare mean expression between groups and followed by a correlation test using Pearson test.Result : In the BPH group sample, CTLA-4 had the highest expression level, followed by the expression of IL-4, PD-L2, then PD-1 and PD-L1. The concentration of IL-4 in prostate cancer, both metastatic and non-metastatic, is higher than in BPH, with a p-value of 0.006. the correlation between IL-4 and PD-L1 is the strongest (r=0.919), between IL-4 and PD-L2 comes the second (0.832) and between PD-1 is comes the third (r=0.626).Conclusion : In this study, we find that the expression of IL-4 and Apoptosis-Associated Gene Receptors (PD-1, CTLA-4) and Programmed Death-1 Ligands (PD-L1, PD-L2) in the prostate cancer tissue microenvironment have a significant relationship. In conclusion, it is possible that IL-4 is a promoter of the Immune Escape mechanism in prostate cancer.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
PAUL KATONGOLE ◽  
Obondo J. Sande ◽  
Steven J Reynolds ◽  
Moses Joloba ◽  
Henry Kajumbula ◽  
...  

Abstract Background The programmed death 1 (PD1)/programmed death-ligand 1 (PDL1) targeted immunotherapies have become a new mode of treatment for several tumours; however, there is limited evidence on the expression and prognostic value of PD1/PDL1 in prostate cancer, especially in African men. Methods The plasma concentrations of PD-L1/PD1 were assessed using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay in patients with prostate cancer and normal healthy controls at the Uganda Cancer Institute. The association between plasma PD-L1/PD1 concentration levels and PSA levels, Gleason scores, age, and Body mass index were determined. Results We found significant differences in the median plasma concentrations of PD-L1 and PD-1 immune checkpoint molecules between Prostate cancer cases and normal healthy controls of (0.285 vs 0.035) p-value 0.001 and (0.596 vs 0.355) p-value 0.017, respectively. We found no significant association between age, plasma PSA levels, BMI and Gleason scores, and PD-1 among patients with prostate cancer and controls. However, elevated levels of PD-L1 were significantly associated with raised Gleason scores among patients with prostate cancer with a p-value of <0.001. Conclusions Elevated PD-L1 levels were statistically significantly linked to high Gleason scores. These results may guide clinicians in assessing the prognosis of patients individually and selecting suitable patients that will make favorable candidates for anti-PD-L1 immunotherapy.


2012 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 8933-8942 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roopika Menon ◽  
Mario Deng ◽  
Diana Boehm ◽  
Martin Braun ◽  
Falko Fend ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Parra-Medina ◽  
Sandra Ramírez-Clavijo

AbstractExtraction of DNA and RNA from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue blocks is a critical process in molecular oncology testing. Using FFPE, it is possible to choose the portion of tissue to study, taking into account the cell morphology, storage stability and storage conditions at room temperature, and make retrospective studies with clinical and pathological information. In prostate cancer tissue, in contrast with macroscopic tumors, it is not easy to identify the tumor; therefore, it is very important to make a microscopic diagnosis. We do not recommend punching this tissue because it can choose normal tissue for molecular analysis. In the present article we review the differences between punch biopsy and microdissection.


2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (7_suppl) ◽  
pp. 40-40
Author(s):  
Shaheen Riadh Alanee ◽  
Wesley Baas ◽  
Svetlana Gershburg ◽  
Danuta Dynda ◽  
Kristin Delfino ◽  
...  

40 Background: Programmed Death 1 (PD-1) is a T cell inhibitory receptor critical to a major immunomodulation pathway which has been implicated in tumor evasion of immune response. PD-1 and its ligand PD-L1 have been found to be expressed in many tumor types, and this expression has led to the development of drugs targeting the PD-1 pathway. The goal of this study was to understand the expression of PD-1, and PD-L1 in high grade prostate cancer tissue, and correlate the expression with disease and patients characteristics. Methods: Immunohistochemistry for PD-1 (CD279), PD-L1 (B7-H1), and CD3 was performed on prostatectomy/biopsy tissue samples taken from 25 men with high grade (Gleason 8-10) prostate cancer using anti-PD-L1 clone 22C3 (Merck) and anti-PD-1 clone NAT105 (Cell Marque) . CD3 was used as a specific marker for T cell infiltration. Charts were then retrospectively reviewed for patient and disease characteristics including age at diagnosis, race, Gleason score, prostatic specific antigen (PSA) level at diagnosis, number of positive cores at biopsy, volume of tissue on biopsy and/or prostatectomy involved by cancer, clinical TNM stage, pathologic TNM stage, biochemical recurrence, or metastasis. Statistical analyses were done to correlate these patient and disease characteristics with PD-1, PD-L1, and CD3 expression. Results: A score of 3-5 on the semi-quantitative 0-5 score was deemed “high” expression whereas a score of 0-2 was deemed “low” expression. Of the 25 samples, 2 (8%) scored high for PD-1 expression, 2 (8%) scored high for PD-L1 expression, and 18 (72%) scored high for CD3 expression. With independent t-tests there was found to be no statistically significant correlation between any of the variables we collected and expression of PD-1, PD-L1, or CD3. Conclusions: We found an overall low expression of PD-1 and PD-L1, and a concurrent high expression of CD3+ T cells in high risk prostate cancer tissue. No significant correlations were made between expression of PD-1, PD-L1, or CD3 and patient and disease characteristics. The elevated T cell content in high risk prostate cancer is particularly interesting with the continued emergence of new drugs focused on enhancing efficacy of the immune response in cancer.


2020 ◽  
Vol 78 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saman Saadat ◽  
Pezhman Karami ◽  
Mohammad Jafari ◽  
Mahdi Kholoujini ◽  
Zahra Rikhtegaran Tehrani ◽  
...  

ABSTRACT Background Mycoplasma hominis, an opportunistic pathogen in human genitourinary tract, can cause chronic infection in the prostate. Intracellular survival of M. hominis leads to a prolonged presence in the host cells that can affect the cell's biological cycle. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the frequency of M. hominis DNA in prostate tissue of Iranian patients with prostate cancer (PCa) in comparison to a control group with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Methods This research was a retrospective case-control study using 61 archived formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) blocks of prostate tissue from patients with PCa and 70 FFPE blocks of patients with BPH. Real-time PCR, targeting two different genes, 16S rRNA and yidC, in the M. hominis genome was performed for all specimens. Results Out of 61 blocks of prostate biopsy from patients with PCa, eight samples (13%) were positive for M. hominis, while the bacterium was not detected in any of the 70 blocks of patients with BPH (P value, 0.002). Conclusions The high frequency of M. hominis in patients with PCa likely shows a hidden role of the organism in prostate cancer during its chronic, apparently silent and asymptomatic colonization in prostate.


SpringerPlus ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Morgan ◽  
Paul D Lewis ◽  
Lynda Hopkins ◽  
Stephanie Burnell ◽  
Howard Kynaston ◽  
...  

2017 ◽  
Vol 56 (31) ◽  
pp. 8992-8997 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R. Spiciarich ◽  
Rosalie Nolley ◽  
Sophia L. Maund ◽  
Sean C. Purcell ◽  
Jason Herschel ◽  
...  

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