scholarly journals Social Interaction is Unnecessary for Hindgut Microbiome Transmission in Honey Bees: the Effect of Diet and Social Exposure on Tissue-Specific Microbiome Assembly

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirk E. Anderson ◽  
Vincent A. Ricigliano ◽  
Duan Copeland ◽  
Brendon M. Mott ◽  
Patrick Maes
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Honey Bees ◽  
Older Workers ◽  
Microbial Interactions ◽  
Experimental Designs ◽  
Fungal Colonization ◽  
Natural Diet ◽  
Tissue Specific ◽  
Fungal Abundance

Abstract Honey bees are a model for host-microbial interactions with experimental designs evolving towards conventionalized worker bees. Research on gut microbiome transmission and assembly has examined only a fraction of factors associated with the colony and hive environment. Here we studied the effects of diet and social isolation on tissue-specific bacterial and fungal colonization of the midgut and two key hindgut regions. We found that both treatment factors significantly influenced early hindgut colonization explaining similar proportions of microbiome variation. In agreement with previous work, social interaction with older workers was unnecessary for core hindgut bacterial transmission. Exposure to natural eclosion and fresh stored pollen resulted in gut bacterial communities that were taxonomically and structurally equivalent to those produced in the natural colony setting. Stressed diets of no pollen or autoclaved pollen in social isolation resulted in decreased fungal abundance and bacterial diversity, and atypical microbiome structure and tissue-specific variation of functionally important core bacteria. Without exposure to the active hive environment, the abundance and strain diversity of keystone ileum species Gilliamella apicola was markedly reduced. These changes were associated with significantly larger ileum microbiotas suggesting that extended exposure to the active hive environment plays an antibiotic role in hindgut microbiome establishment. We conclude that core hindgut microbiome transmission is facultative horizontal with 5 of 6 core hindgut species readily acquired from the built hive structure and natural diet. Our findings contribute novel insights into factors influencing assembly and maintenance of honey bee gut microbiota and facilitate future experimental designs.

Assessing Emotional Well-Being as a Result of Quarantining During the COVID-19 Pandemic (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Breanne Wilson ◽  
Will Althoff
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Positive And Negative Affect ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Negative Impacts

UNSTRUCTURED Emotional well-being can be negatively impacted by lack of social interaction. This study examined the effects of social isolation on emotional well-being. Respondents filled out a weekly survey for a period of 10 weeks, reporting their positive and negative affect (PANAS-X) and the effects of quarantine on their emotional well-being. Results indicate that quarantining had a negative effect on respondents’ emotional well-being. Activites and outings, suggested by the CDC, could potentially decrease the negative impacts of quarantine.

scholarly journals A method to study honeybee foraging regulatory molecules at different times during foraging

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asem Surindro Singh ◽  
Machathoibi Chanu Takhellambam
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Honey Bee ◽  
Honey Bees ◽  
Immediate Early ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Time Space ◽  
Behavioral Studies ◽  
Bee Foraging ◽  
Honey Bee Foraging

The foraging of honey bees is one of the most well organized and admirable behaviors that exist among social insects. In behavioral studies, these beautiful insects have been extensively used for understanding time-space learning, landmark use and concept of learning etc. Highly organized behaviors such as social interaction and communication are systematically well organized behavioral components of honeybee foraging. Over the last two decades, understanding the regulatory mechanisms underlying honey bee foraging at the cellular and molecular levels has been increasingly interested to several researchers. Upon the search of regulatory genes of brain and behavior, immediate early (IE) genes are considered as tool to begin the investigation. Our two recent studies, have demonstrated three IE genes namely Egr-1, Hr38 and kakusei having a role in the daily foraging of bees and their association with learning and memory during the foraging. These studies further evidence that IE genes can be used as a tool in finding the specific molecular/cellular players of foraging in honey bees and its behavioral components such as learning, memory, social interaction, social communication etc. In this article we provide the details of the method of sample collection at different times during foraging to investigate the foraging regulatory molecules. Key words: Honey bee foraging, learning and memory, immediate early genes, Egr-1, Hr38, Kakusei.

scholarly journals A Method to Study Honey Bee Foraging Regulatory Molecules at Different Times During Foraging

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asem Surindro Singh ◽  
Machathoibi Chanu Takhellambam
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Honey Bee ◽  
Honey Bees ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Good Tool ◽  
Time Space ◽  
Behavioral Studies ◽  
Bee Foraging ◽  
Honey Bee Foraging ◽  
Brain And Behavior

The foraging of honey bees is one of the most well-organized and admirable behaviors that exist among social insects. In behavioral studies, these beautiful insects have been extensively used for understanding time–space learning, landmark use, and the concept of learning. Highly organized behaviors such as social interaction and communication are systematically well-organized behavioral components of honey bee foraging. Over the last two decades, understanding the regulatory mechanisms underlying honey bee foraging at the cellular and molecular levels has been increasingly interested to several researchers. Upon the search of regulatory genes of brain and behavior, immediate early (IE) genes are considered as a good tool to begin the search investigation. Our two recent studies have demonstrated three IE genes, namely, Egr-1, Hr38, and Kakusei, playing a role in the daily foraging of bees and their association with learning and memory during foraging. These studies further evidence that IE genes can be used as a tool in finding the specific molecular/cellular players of foraging in honey bees and its behavioral components such as learning, memory, social interaction, and social communication. In this article, we provide the details of the method of sample collection at different times during foraging to investigate the foraging regulatory molecules.

scholarly journals Alone Together

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Holly Walker
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Public Policy ◽  
Social Interaction ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Income Loss ◽  
Public Health Risks ◽  
Significant Public Health ◽  
Policy Challenge

Even prior to Covid-19, loneliness posed a significant public policy challenge. Loneliness intersects with other wellbeing factors, so prioritising wellbeing requires policies that allow social interaction to thrive. Prolonged loneliness also creates significant public health risks. Covid-19 thrust loneliness into greater prominence with enforced social isolation compounded by considerable employment and income loss. The level 4 lockdown contributed to an increase in self-reported loneliness, especially among those already at risk. Future analysis will determine the full impact of Covid-19 on loneliness; in the meantime, policy to enable social interactions to thrive will be an important part of the recovery.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Terapi Perilaku Kognitif terhadap Kemampuan Interaksi Sosial pada Klien Isolasi Sosial di Provinsi Bengkulu

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-90
Author(s):  
Shinta Shinta
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Behavior Therapy ◽  
Cognitive Behavior Therapy ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cognitive Behavior

Social isolation is a condition of isolation from someone with schizophrenia so that the ability to interact with others decreases to be something negative. This study aims to determine the effect of cognitive behavioral therapy on the social interaction ability of social isolation clients in Bengkulu Province. The research method, this research is a quantitative study using a Quasi Experiment research design with a pre test and post test approach design without control group. The sample of this study was 30 people with total sampling techniques. The results of the study of social interaction ability of patients social isolation seen from the variables of cognitive abilities, affective and behavior. The average cognitive ability before giving therapy is 13.79, while after therapy is 19.88. The average affective ability before therapy was 14.58 while after therapy was 17.33. The average behavioral ability before therapy is 9.64 while after therapy is an average of 11.06. Based on the results of the t-dependent test, there were differences in the average score before and after the administration of Cognitive Behavior therapy, with the ρ value of each variable 0,000 (α = 0.05). Conclusion, Cognitive Behavior therapy has a significant effect on the ability of social interactions of social isolation patients in Bengkulu Province. Cognitive behavioral therapy is recommended as nursing therapy in treating social isolation clients with decreased social interaction abilities. Keywords: Cognitive behavioral therapy, Social interaction ability, Client social isolation

scholarly journals Social Distancing vs Social Interaction for Older Adults at Long-Term Care Facilities in the Midst of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Rapid Review and Synthesis of Action Plans

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 004695802110442
Author(s):  
Farhana Ferdous
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Social Interaction ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Rapid Review ◽  
Action Plans ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Care Facilities

The present study aimed to systematically analyze the impact of COVID-19-related social distancing requirements on older adults living in long-term care facilities (LTCFs) and to synthesize the literature into thematic action plans to minimize the adverse effects of social isolation. The search included articles published between December 2019 and August 2020 across four databases. The inclusion criteria were used to screen for studies that reported on social isolation and loneliness due to the COVID-19 pandemic in older adults living in LTCFs. This rapid review identified 29 relevant studies and synthesized them into four thematic action plans: technological advancement, remote communication, therapeutic care/stress management, and preventive measures. These thematic action plans and cost-effective strategies can be immediately adopted and used as a resource for all LTCF administrators, healthcare design professionals, and researchers in battling current COVID-19-related issues, and improving social interaction in older adults living in care facilities.

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