scholarly journals Correlation Between Quality and Geographical Origins of Leonuri Herba Revealed By the Qualitative Fingerprint Profiling and Quantitative Determination of Chemical Components

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly Yinching Lam ◽  
Yinghao Wang ◽  
Tszking Lam ◽  
Chuenfai Ku ◽  
Wingping Yeung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component ◽  
Chinese Herbs ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Chemical Fingerprints ◽  
Chemical Discrimination ◽  
Chromatographic Peaks ◽  
And Cluster Analysis ◽  
Different Origins

Abstract BackgroundLeonuri Herba (Yimucao) is a very commonly Chinese herbs for treating menstrual and maternal diseases for thousands of years in China. However, the herb collected in different origins was easily found in the markets which induce the unstable quality for clinic use. In this study, a comprehensive strategy of using multiple chromatographic analysis and chemometric analysis was firstly investigated for chemical discrimination of Leonuri Herba from different geographical origins.MethodsUHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS was applied to identify the peaks of Leonuri Herba and chemical fingerprints were established in 30 batches from different geographical origins. Meanwhile, dissimilarities of chemical compositions among different origins were further investigated by principal component analysis and cluster analysis.ResultsA total of 49 chromatographic peaks of Leonuri Herba were unequivocally or tentatively identified by UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS. Leonuri Herba were classified into four categories, and eight major compounds detected could be used as chemical markers for discrimination. Also, the eight components, including leonurine, 4',5-dihydroxy-7-methoxyflavone, rutin, hyperoside, apigenin, quercetin, kaempferol and salicylic acid, were simultaneously quantified using the extracting ion mode of UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS.ConclusionThis systematic information could ensure Leonuri Herba with well-controlled quality and safe use in clinic. This study could also provide a research model for further study of other Chinese Materia Medica.

scholarly journals The Difference of Chemical Components and Biological Activities of the Raw Products slices and the Wine Steam-Processed Product from Cistanche deserticola

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Zhang ◽  
Yuewu Wang ◽  
Song Yang ◽  
Yunfeng Xiao ◽  
Haibin Guan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Chinese Herb ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Kidney Deficiency ◽  
Cistanche Deserticola

As a well-known Chinese herb medicine, the Cistanche deserticola has been used for the treatment of kidney deficiency syndrome in China for thousands of years. Both the raw product of Cistanche deserticola slices (RCD) and its Wine Steam-Processed Product (WSCD) are used clinically for different effects. In this study, the influences of steaming process with wine (SPW) from Cistanche deserticola on chemical compositions and biological effects were investigated. The principal component analysis (PCA) and quantitative analysis were used to study the differences of the chemical compositions. The effects of nourishing kidney were also investigated to compare the differences between the RCD and the WSCD. The PCA results indicated that the obvious separation was achieved in the RCD and WSCD. The results of quantitative analysis showed that the WSCD has higher amounts of total polysaccharides, total PhGs, isoacteoside, and osmanthuside B than RCD, while the content of 2′-acetylacteoside and acteoside decreased after the SPW. The comparison of RCD and WSCD on biological activities showed that both could restore the level of sex hormone in the model of kidney-yang deficiency and improve the antioxidant effect. The WSCD were much better in increasing the viscera weight of kidney and seminal vesicle. The results indicated that SPW changed its chemical components and enhanced its biological activities.

scholarly journals Bioethanol Production from Biomass of Selected Sorghum Varieties Cultivated as Main and Second Crop

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 6291
Author(s):  
Jolanta Batog ◽  
Jakub Frankowski ◽  
Aleksandra Wawro ◽  
Agnieszka Łacka
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Ethanol Yield ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Alternative Energy Sources ◽  
Detailed Statistical Analysis ◽  
Second Year ◽  
And Cluster Analysis

In recent years, there has been a dynamic development of alternative energy sources and the use of plant biomass for the production of bioenergy is one of the possibilities of improving the energy mix. Therefore, it is worth reaching for new, less popular and perspective solutions, which certainly include sorghum, a drought-resistant plant with a high yielding potential and various applications in the bioeconomy. The aim of the research was to determine the amount of bioethanol obtained from the biomass of three sorghum varieties (Rona 1, Santos, Sucrosorgo 506) grown in the main and second crop for three years in the temperate climate typical of Central and Eastern Europe. The yields of sorghum cultivars grown as main and second crops, chemical components of sorghum biomass (cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin) and the amount of ethanol per a ton of dry matter of straw and ethanol yield per hectare were evaluated. The experiments and research carried out show, especially in the second year, that the Sucrosorgo 506 variety can be recommended for the cultivation of biomass and its use for the production of lignocellulosic ethanol is effective, both in main and second crop cultivation. The discussed results were confirmed by detailed statistical analysis, incl. principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis. To sum up, the production of bioethanol from sorghum biomass is possible in temperate climate and it does not compete with the production of food due to the possibility of growing sorghum after rye.

scholarly journals Determination of Bitterness of Andrographis Herba Based on Electronic Tongue Technology and Discovery of the Key Compounds of Bitter Substances

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 3362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Zhang ◽  
Hongwei Wu ◽  
Xiankuo Yu ◽  
Hanyan Luo ◽  
Yaqi Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Medicine ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Quality Evaluation ◽  
Herbal Remedy ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Electronic Tongue ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Tcm Theory

Andrographis Herba (AH), the dry aerial segments of Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Nees, is a common herbal remedy with bitter properties in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) theory. Although bitterness is one of the features representing Chinese medicine, it has not been implemented as an index to assess the quality and efficacy of TCM because of peoples’ subjectivity to taste. In this study, 30 batches of AH with different commercial classifications (leaves, stems, or mixtures of both) were collected. Bitterness of AH was quantified by electronic tongue technology. Meanwhile, chemical compositions were characterized through establishing high-performance liquid chromatography fingerprints. The result indicated that the radar curves of the bitterness from different AH commercial classifications displayed different taste fingerprint information. Based on six taste factors, a Principal Component Analysis (PCA) score three-dimensional (3D) plot exhibited a clear grouping trend (R2X, 0.912; Q2, 0.763) among the three different commercial classifications. Six compounds (Peaks 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8) with positive correlation to bitterness were discovered by a Spearman correlation analysis. Peaks 2, 6, 7, 8 were identified as andrographolide, neoandrographolide, 14-deoxyandrographolide, and dehydroandrographolide, respectively. The electronic tongue can be used to distinguish AH samples with different commercial classifications and for quality evaluation.

scholarly journals Lithofacies Identification and Multivariate Analysis of Groundwater Chemistry in Coastal Aquifers in Koko Area of the Western Niger Delta

Hydrology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oghenero Ohwoghere-Asuma ◽  
Kizito Aweto ◽  
Chukwuma Ugbe
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Organic Pollution ◽  
Clayey Sand ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Subsurface Geology ◽  
Dissolved Ions ◽  
Considerable Impact ◽  
And Cluster Analysis

Understanding aquifer lithofacies and depth of occurrence, and what factors influence its quality and chemistry are of paramount importance to the management of groundwater resource. Subsurface lithofacies distribution was characterized by resistivity and validated with available subsurface geology. Resistivity values varied from less than 100 Ωm to above 1000 Ωm. Lithofacies identified includes clay, clayey sand, sand and peat. Shallow unconfined and confined aquifers occurred at depths ranging from 0 to 12 m and 18 to 63 m, respectively. Geochemistry and multivariate statistical analysis consisting of principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA) were used for the determination of quality and groundwater evolution. Groundwater types depicted by Piper plots were Ca3+, Cl− and Na+, Cl−, which was characterized by low dissolved ions, slightly acidic and Fe2+. The dominant variables influencing groundwater quality as returned by PCA were organic pollution resulting from swampy depositional environment, anthropogenic effects resulting from septic and leachates from haphazard dumpsites mixing with groundwater from diffuse sources. In addition, the weathering and dissolution of aquifer sediments rich in feldspar and clay minerals have considerable impact on groundwater quality. CA depicted two distinct types of groundwater that are significantly comparable to those obtained from Piper plots.

scholarly journals Application of ATR-FTIR analysis for determination of fumonisins in corn

2017 ◽  
pp. 47-56
Author(s):  
Sandra Jaksic ◽  
Igor Jajic ◽  
Vesna Despotovic ◽  
Milica Zivkov-Balos ◽  
Igor Stojanov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component ◽  
Total Reflection ◽  
Attenuated Total Reflection ◽  
Ftir Analysis ◽  
Elisa Method ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Genus Fusarium ◽  
And Cluster Analysis

In order to develop rapid, inexpensive and, at the same time, reliable method for the analysis of molds of the genus Fusarium as an indicator of the presence of fumonisins in corn samples, possible application of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) with attenuated total reflection (ATR) technique was examined. The content of fumonisins in contaminated corn samples had previously been quantified by ELISA method. At the spectrum of the sample contaminated with a high concentration of mycotoxins, there was a lack of the peak at 1,743 cm-1, but the peak was observed at 1709 cm-1. To the purpose of result classification the principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis were applied. Conclusions of the two methods were similar both when applying ATR technique in the whole region of the spectrum (1,150-1,770 cm-1) and when the whole spectrum was divided into two regions: 1,150-1,450 and 1,450-1,770 cm-1. However, classification of samples was somewhat better in the ranges 1,150-1,770 and 1,450-1,770 cm-1 . Of the 16 analyzed corn samples, only very contaminated corn sample with 190 mg/kg was correctly classified as compared to the other samples with the content of less than 10 mg/kg. Also, it was found-passing recording of spectra of contaminated corn of the same genotype in order to avoid the possible impact of different hybrids on the spectrum.

scholarly journals Simultaneous Determination of 13 Chemical Marker Compounds in Gwakhyangjeonggi-san, a Herbal Formula, with Validated Analytical Methods

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1400900
Author(s):  
Jung-Hoon Kim ◽  
Hyeun-Kyoo Shin ◽  
Chang-Seob Seo
Keyword(s):  
Simultaneous Determination ◽  
Quality Evaluation ◽  
Protocatechuic Acid ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Chemical Marker ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Marker Compounds ◽  
Different Origins ◽  
Accuracy And Repeatability

This study was designed for simultaneous determination of 13 chemical marker compounds, namely, protocatechuic acid, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, liquiritin, hesperidin, apigetrin, rosmarinic acid, oxypeucedanin hydrate, byakangelicin, apigenin, glycyrrhizin, nobiletin, and 6-gingerol in Gwakhyangjeonggi-san (GJS: Huoxiang-zhengqi-san in Chinese). A quantitative analytical method was developed based on HPLC-PDA with validation in terms of precision, accuracy, and repeatability, and successfully employed for quality evaluation of GJS samples with the help of chemometric techniques such as principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA). The correlation coefficient for the linear regression was > 0.9994. The intra-day and inter-day precision was < 3.0% of the relative standard deviation (RSD) value, and the recovery was in the range 92.5–107.0%, with RSD values < 4.0%, and the repeatability was < 3.0% of RSD. Variations in the quantity were observed in GJS products from different origins, which were classified by PCA and HCA. The quantitative and chemometric analyses indicate the necessity for consistency in GJS production for the purpose of quality control.

scholarly journals Authentication of Geographical Origin in Hainan Partridge Tea (Mallotus obongifolius) by Stable Isotope and Targeted Metabolomics Combined with Chemometrics

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 2130
Author(s):  
Jiashun Fu ◽  
Hai-Dong Yu ◽  
Long Wu ◽  
Chenghui Zhang ◽  
Yong-Huan Yun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotopes ◽  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Stable Isotope Ratio ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Local Characteristic ◽  
Targeted Metabolomics ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass ◽  
Different Origins ◽  
Origin Identification

Partridge tea (Mallotus oblongifolius (Miq.) Müll.Arg.) is a local characteristic tea in Hainan, the southernmost province of China, and the quality of partridge tea may be affected by the producing areas. In this study, stable isotope and targeted metabolomics combined chemometrics were used as potential tools for analyzing and identifying partridge tea from different origins. Elemental analysis—stable isotope ratio mass spectrometer and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometrywas used to analyze the characteristics of C/N/O/H stable isotopes and 54 chemical components, including polyphenols and alkaloids in partridge tea samples from four regions in Hainan (Wanning, Wenchang, Sanya and Baoting). The results showed that there were significant differences in the stable isotope ratios and polyphenol and alkaloid contents of partridge tea from different origins, and both could accurately classify partridge tea from different origins. The correct separation and clustering of the samples were observed by principal component analysis and the cross-validated Q2 values by orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) were 0.949 (based on stable isotope) and 0.974 (based on polyphenol and alkaloid), respectively. Potential significance indicators for origin identification were screened out by OPLS-DA and random forest algorithm, including three stable isotopes (δ13C, δ D, and δ18O) and four polyphenols (luteolin, protocatechuic acid, astragalin, and naringenin). This study can provide a preliminary guide for the origin identification of Hainan partridge tea.

Chemical Comparison of Ophiopogonis radix and Liriopes radix Based on Quantitative Analysis of Multiple Components by HPLC Coupled with Electrospray Ionization Tandem Triple Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry

2020 ◽  
Vol 103 (4) ◽  
pp. 1148-1159
Author(s):  
Heng Luo ◽  
Liang-Shan Ming ◽  
Tian-Tian Tong ◽  
Yan Tang ◽  
Jun Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Simultaneous Determination ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Triple Quadrupole ◽  
Steroidal Saponins ◽  
Multiple Components ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Quality Control Study

Abstract Background Ophiopogonis radix and Liriopes radix are well known for the treatment of dry coughs and phthisis. Liriopes radix is occasionally used as a substitute for Ophiopogonis radix in various prescriptions due to the extremely similar pharmacological activities and clinical efficacies, but they are regarded as two different remedies in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. Accordingly, the establishment of a reliable analytical approach for the discrimination and quality evaluation of Ophiopogonis and Liriopes is required. Objective To establish a simple, accurate, and reliable method that can simultaneously determine multiple components in Ophiopogonis radix and Liriopes radix. To comprehensively compare the chemical compositions of the two herbs and find markers for discrimination and quality assessments. Method An HPLC-ESI-triple quadrupole (QQQ)-MS/MS method was developed for simultaneous characterization and quantification of chemical components in the two herbs. The results were further analyzed by PLS discriminant analysis to provide more information about the chemical differences, as well as to evaluate the quality of each sample. Results A total of 23 compounds have been characterized and quantified in 31 batches of herbs from different geographical regions, among which liriopesides B, sprengerinin A, ophiopogonin B, and ophiopogonanone E contribute mostly. The contents of homoisoflavonoids were much higher in Ophiopogonis radix than in Liriopes radix, but the levels of steroidal saponins followed a contrary trend. Conclusions Simultaneous determination of multiple components by HPLC-QQQ-MS/MS coupled with chemometrics analysis is an acceptable strategy to evaluate and control the quality of Ophiopogonis radix and Liriope radix. Highlights Simultaneous determination of 12 steroidal saponins and 11 homoisoflavonoids in both Ophiopogonis radix and Liriope radix by using HPLC-QQQ-MS/MS in positive ion mode, as well as the quality control study.

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