scholarly journals Nano-Metals Forming Bacteria in Egypt. II. Efficacy towards Some Bacterial Soft Rot/Blackleg Genera ex vivo and Bio-Control in vivo as Eco-Friendly Therapeutic against Dickeya Solani

Author(s):  
Alia A. Shoeib ◽  
Nader A. Ashmawy ◽  
Ayman Kamal ◽  
Sahar Abd El Fatah Zaki

Abstract The antibacterial activity of Cu, Fe, Co, and ZnNPs which were formed by Enterococcus thailandicus, Pseudomonas putida, Marinobacter hydrocarbonoclasticus, and P. geniculate sequentially was tested against some soft rot/blackleg genera. The effects of NPs were recorded on bacterial DNA, proteins, and carbohydrates concentration of Pectobacterium carotovorum, Enterobacter cloacae (soft rot), and Dickeya solani (soft rot/blackleg). Treated cells showed degradation in the DNA isolated, and a decrease in proteins, and carbohydrates concentration compared with untreated cells. The treated cells using SEM showed collapsed, and small pits in the cell wall. Internal changes using TEM showed penetration of NPs inside the tested bacterial cells, the appearance of periplasmic space, formation vacuoles, and condensation of cytoplasm. Disease severity ex vivo of tuber infected with tested genera demonstrated that NPs treatment didn't show any rotted tissue compared with untreated. FeNPs were tested to control soft rot/blackleg disease caused by D. solani in comparison with copper pesticide. Present data recorded an increase in shoot and root length, in addition to, increase in dry and fresh weight, compared with either infected or healthy plants. In studying the ability of treated potato (Solanum tuberosum) seedlings with NPs to uptake and accumulate FeNPs from the soil, ICP-OES recorded a small increase in Fe content of treated plants compared with untreated. FeNPs can be used to control soft rot/blackleg disease caused by D. solani instead of copper pesticide and can be considered as a new and alternative approach to traditional disease management methods, and also increase the nutritional value of the plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroto Nakajima ◽  
Atsushi Miyashita ◽  
Hiroshi Hamamoto ◽  
Kazuhisa Sekimizu

AbstractIn this study, we investigated a new application of bubble-eye goldfish (commercially available strain with large bubble-shaped eye sacs) for immunological studies in fishes utilizing the technical advantage of examining immune cells in the eye sac fluid ex vivo without sacrificing animals. As known in many aquatic species, the common goldfish strain showed an increased infection sensitivity at elevated temperature, which we demonstrate may be due to an immune impairment using the bubble-eye goldfish model. Injection of heat-killed bacterial cells into the eye sac resulted in an inflammatory symptom (surface reddening) and increased gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines observed in vivo, and elevated rearing temperature suppressed the induction of pro-inflammatory gene expressions. We further conducted ex vivo experiments using the immune cells harvested from the eye sac and found that the induced expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines was suppressed when we increased the temperature of ex vivo culture, suggesting that the temperature response of the eye-sac immune cells is a cell autonomous function. These results indicate that the bubble-eye goldfish is a suitable model for ex vivo investigation of fish immune cells and that the temperature-induced infection susceptibility in the goldfish may be due to functional impairments of immune cells.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroto Nakajima ◽  
Atsushi Miyashita ◽  
Hiroshi Hamamoto ◽  
Kazuhisa Sekimizu

Abstract In this study, we investigated a new application of bubble-eye goldfish (commercially available strain with large bubble-shaped eye sacs) for immunological studies in fishes utilizing the technical advantage of examining immune cells in the eye sac fluid ex vivo without sacrificing animals. As known in many aquatic species, the common goldfish strain showed an increased infection sensitivity at high temperature, which we demonstrate may be due to an immune impairment using the bubble-eye goldfish model. Injection of heat-killed bacterial cells into the eye sac resulted in an inflammatory symptom (surface reddening) and increased gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines observed in vivo, and high rearing temperature suppressed the induction of pro-inflammatory gene expressions. We further conducted ex vivo experiments using the immune cells harvested from the eye sac and found that the induced expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines was suppressed when we increased the temperature of ex vivo culture, suggesting that the temperature response of the eye-sac immune cells is a cell autonomous function. These results indicate that the bubble-eye goldfish is a suitable model for ex vivo investigation of fish immune cells and that the temperature-induced infection susceptibility in the goldfish may be due to functional impairments of immune cells.


1996 ◽  
Vol 105 (11) ◽  
pp. 857-862 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manish K. Wani ◽  
Robert Yarber ◽  
Clark Rosen ◽  
Arne Hengesteg ◽  
Gayle E. Woodson

Bilateral laryngeal paralysis can result in severe airway compromise. A widely accepted treatment is endoscopic laser total arytenoidectomy (TA); however, vocal results are usually poor. An alternative approach, resection of only the medial portion of the arytenoid (medial arytenoidectomy [MA]), has the potential for less vocal impairment, but may not provide a sufficient airway. Laryngeal resistance (LR) was measured in vivo and ex vivo in 12 adult mongrel dogs with bilateral laryngeal paralysis after TA, MA, or no surgery (controls). The LR was significantly lower than in controls in both TA and MA, but there was no significant difference between TA and MA. Glottic area was also significantly higher in both MA and TA compared to controls, but again, there was no significant difference between TA and MA. Phonation could be elicited in all controls and 2 of 4 dogs with MA, but no dogs with TA. Our results show that MA offers airway improvement similar to that with TA and also has the potential for better vocal function.


2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Levin J. Sliker ◽  
Xin Wang ◽  
Jonathan A. Schoen ◽  
Mark E. Rentschler

Despite revolutionary advances in many fields of medicine, there are no active mobile in vivo devices commercially available, or in use, today. Several research groups are actively looking at a number of mobility methods in a number of lumens but little commercial work has been done. While robotic surgery is available today, thanks to ex vivo robots, such as the da Vinci surgical system, these methods are very expensive, require heavy external equipment, and are still constrained by entry incisions. An alternative approach may be to place the robot completely inside the patient. Such devices may enable noninvasive imaging and diagnostics. These devices may be significantly less expensive than current minimally invasive methods, without extensive support equipment, which may allow them to be also used routinely in the emergency room (ER)/trauma sites and remote locations. This work explores micropatterned treads that may enable mobile capsule crawlers inside the body. Current research efforts into providing contact locomotion using micro-tread tracks are explored including initial drawbar force generation experimental results, dynamic finite element analysis with these tread designs, and in vivo porcine evaluation and comparison of two leading tread designs.


2013 ◽  
Vol 57 (10) ◽  
pp. 4615-4621 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margot Schlusselhuber ◽  
Riccardo Torelli ◽  
Cecilia Martini ◽  
Matthias Leippe ◽  
Vincent Cattoir ◽  
...  

ABSTRACTRhodococcus equi, the causal agent of rhodococcosis, is a major pathogen of foals and is also responsible for severe infections in immunocompromised humans. Of great concern, strains resistant to currently used antibiotics have emerged. As the number of drugs that are efficientin vivois limited because of the intracellular localization of the bacterium inside macrophages, new active but cell-permeant drugs will be needed in the near future. In the present study, we evaluated, byin vitroandex vivoexperiments, the ability of the alpha-helical equine antimicrobial peptide eCATH1 to kill intracellular bacterial cells. Moreover, the therapeutic potential of the peptide was assessed in experimental rhodococcosis induced in mice, while thein vivotoxicity was evaluated by behavioral and histopathological analysis. The study revealed that eCATH1 significantly reduced the number of bacteria inside macrophages. Furthermore, the bactericidal potential of the peptide was maintainedin vivoat doses that appeared to have no visible deleterious effects for the mice even after 7 days of treatment. Indeed, daily subcutaneous injections of 1 mg/kg body weight of eCATH1 led to a significant reduction of the bacterial load in organs comparable to that obtained after treatment with 10 mg/kg body weight of rifampin. Interestingly, the combination of the peptide with rifampin showed a synergistic interaction in bothex vivoandin vivoexperiments. These results emphasize the therapeutic potential that eCATH1 represents in the treatment of rhodococcosis.


2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaixi Zhang ◽  
Yu Du ◽  
Zhangyong Si ◽  
Yang Liu ◽  
Michelle E. Turvey ◽  
...  

Abstract The treatment of bacterial infections is hindered by the presence of biofilms and metabolically inactive persisters. Here, we report the synthesis of an enantiomeric block co-beta-peptide, poly(amido-D-glucose)-block-poly(beta-L-lysine), with high yield and purity by one-shot one-pot anionic-ring opening (co)polymerization. The co-beta-peptide is bactericidal against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), including replicating, biofilm and persister bacterial cells, and also disperses biofilm biomass. It is active towards community-acquired and hospital-associated MRSA strains which are resistant to multiple drugs including vancomycin and daptomycin. Its antibacterial activity is superior to that of vancomycin in MRSA mouse and human ex vivo skin infection models, with no acute in vivo toxicity in repeated dosing in mice at above therapeutic levels. The copolymer displays bacteria-activated surfactant-like properties, resulting from contact with the bacterial envelope. Our results indicate that this class of non-toxic molecule, effective against different bacterial sub-populations, has promising potential for the treatment of S. aureus infections.


1995 ◽  
Vol 1995 ◽  
pp. 181-181
Author(s):  
A.J. Duncan ◽  
T. Acamovic ◽  
I.I. Onaga

Glucosinolates are a group of plant thioglucosides, found in a range of plant genera, notably the Brassicae. Glucosinolates assume agricultural importance because of their presence in rapeseed meal and forage brassica crops whose nutritional value they may limit. Glucosinolates are hydrolysed under the action of plant or microbial myrosinase to release a range of toxic metabolites (see Duncan, 1991). For example, sinigrin, a commonly found glucosinolate, breaks down to allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) and allyl cyanide as well as a number of lesser components. The course of hydrolysis is influenced by characteristics of the hydrolysis environment such as pH and the presence of metallic ions and enzymic co-factors. Because of the varied nature of the effects of different glucosinolate metabolites, the course of hydrolysis is a key influence on the ultimate toxicity of glucosinolates. Little is known, however, of the identity of metabolites arising in the digestive tract of livestock under different dietary circumstances. This is due, in part, to the technical difficulties associated with measuring concentrations of the compounds in the digestive tract. An alternative approach to the study of glucosinolate hydrolysis in vivo is to measure concentrations of ultimate excretory products and relate this to events earlier in the catabolic pathway. For example, isothiocyanates are excreted as their mercapturic acid derivatives in rats and thus provide potentially useful markers for estimating rates of release of isothiocyanates from sinigrin in vivo (Mennicke et al. 1983). In the experiment reported here, this approach was validated in rats and used to measure rates of release of AITC from sinigrin in animals consuming diets with or without added myrosinase.


1995 ◽  
Vol 1995 ◽  
pp. 181-181
Author(s):  
A.J. Duncan ◽  
T. Acamovic ◽  
I.I. Onaga

Glucosinolates are a group of plant thioglucosides, found in a range of plant genera, notably theBrassicae. Glucosinolates assume agricultural importance because of their presence in rapeseed meal and forage brassica crops whose nutritional value they may limit. Glucosinolates are hydrolysed under the action of plant or microbial myrosinase to release a range of toxic metabolites (see Duncan, 1991). For example, sinigrin, a commonly found glucosinolate, breaks down to allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) and allyl cyanide as well as a number of lesser components. The course of hydrolysis is influenced by characteristics of the hydrolysis environment such as pH and the presence of metallic ions and enzymic co-factors. Because of the varied nature of the effects of different glucosinolate metabolites, the course of hydrolysis is a key influence on the ultimate toxicity of glucosinolates. Little is known, however, of the identity of metabolites arising in the digestive tract of livestock under different dietary circumstances. This is due, in part, to the technical difficulties associated with measuring concentrations of the compounds in the digestive tract. An alternative approach to the study of glucosinolate hydrolysisin vivois to measure concentrations of ultimate excretory products and relate this to events earlier in the catabolic pathway. For example, isothiocyanates are excreted as their mercapturic acid derivatives in rats and thus provide potentially useful markers for estimating rates of release of isothiocyanates from sinigrinin vivo(Mennickeet al. 1983). In the experiment reported here, this approach was validated in rats and used to measure rates of release of AITC from sinigrin in animals consuming diets with or without added myrosinase.


2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles E. Hay ◽  
Laura E. Ewing ◽  
Michael D. Hambuchen ◽  
Shannon M. Zintner ◽  
Juliana C. Small ◽  
...  

AbstractMethamphetamine (METH) continues to be amongst the most addictive and abused drugs in the US. Unfortunately, there are currently no FDA approved pharmacological treatments for METH substance abuse disorder. As an alternative approach, we have previously explored the use of Adeno-associated viral (AAV) mediated gene transfer of an anti-METH monoclonal antibody. Here, we advance our approach by generating a novel anti-METH scFv-Fc fusion construct (7F9-Fc), packaged into AAV serotype 8 vector (called AAV-scFv-Fc), and tested in vivo and ex vivo. A range of doses (1 × 1010. 1 × 1011, and 1 × 1012 vector copies(vc)/mouse) were administered to mice, which exhibited a dose-dependent expression of 7F9-Fc in serum with peak circulating concentrations of 48, 1785, and 3,831 μg/ml. The dose of 1 × 1012 vc/mouse was further tested in METH locomotor and biodistribution studies to determine the efficacy of the antibody protection. Expressed 7F9-Fc exhibited high affinity binding, 17 nM, to METH. Between days 21 and 35 after vector administration, the 7F9-Fc gene therapy significantly reduced the effects of METH in locomotor assays following administration of moderate and high doses of subcutaneous METH, 3.1 and 9.4 mg/kg respectively. On day 116 post-AAV administration, mice expressing 7F9-Fc sequestered over 2.5 times more METH into the serum than vehicle mice, and METH concentrations in the brain were reduced by 1.2 times compared to vehicle mice. Taken together, these data suggest that a AAV-delivered anti-METH Fc fusion antibody could be a design for persistently reducing concentrations of METH in the CNS.Significance StatementIn this manuscript, we describe the use of a novel anti-METH scFv-Fc fusion protein delivered in mice using gene therapy. The results suggest that the gene therapy delivery system can lead to the production of enough antibody to mitigate METH’s psychostimulant effects in mice over an extended time period.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sahar Abd El-Fatah Zaki ◽  
Ayman Kamal ◽  
Nader A. Ashmawy ◽  
Alia A. Shoeib

AbstractBacterial metal reducers were isolated from water samples collected from harsh condition locations in Egypt. Four selected isolates were identified as Enterococcus thailandicus, Pseudomonas putida, Marinobacter hydrocarbonoclasticus, and P. geniculata for Copper (Cu), Iron (Fe), Cobalt (Co) and Zinc (Zn) Nanoparticles (NPs) production sequentially. Nitrate reductase enzyme was assayed for bacterial isolates which demonstrated that P. putida, and M. hydrocarbonoclasticus have the maximum enzyme production. The produced NPs were characterized by using XRD, TEM, UV–VIS spectroscopy. Magnetic properties for all selected metals NPs were measured using Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM) and demonstrated that FeNPs recorded the highest magnetization value. The antibacterial activity of selected metals NPs was tested against some phytopathogenic bacteria causing the following diseases: soft rot (Pectobacterium carotovorum, Enterobacter cloacae), blackleg (Pectobacterium atrosepticum and Dickeya solani), brown rot (Ralstonia solanacearum), fire blight (Erwinia amylovora) and crown gall (Agrobacterium tumefaciens). All metals NPs showed an antagonistic effect against the tested isolates, particularly, FeNPs showed the highest antibacterial activity followed by CuNPs, and ZnNPs. Due to the small size, high reactivity, and large surface area of biologically synthesized NPs, they are used as a good disinfector, and can be considered as a new and alternative approach to traditional disease management methods.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document