scholarly journals Silicon Mitigates Nutritional Stress of Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Calcium Deficiency in Two Forages Plants

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Bruno Silva Araújo ◽  
Gelza Carliane Marques Teixeira ◽  
Renato de Mello Prado ◽  
Antonio Márcio Souza Rocha
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Nutritional Stress ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Calcium Deficiency ◽  
Nutritional Deficiency ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Sustainable Cultivation ◽  
Urochloa Brizantha ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus ◽  
Si Supply

Abstract Forages are one of the most cultivated crops in the world. However nutritional deficiency is common, specifically in N, P and Ca in many forages growing regions. Silicon (Si) can attenuate the stress caused by nutritional deficiency, but studies on the effects of Si supply on in forages plants are still scarce. This research was carried out to evaluate whether the Si supply can mitigate the effects of N, P and Ca deficiencies of two forages and the physiological and nutritional mechanisms involved. Two experiments were carried out with two forage species (Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu and Megathyrsus maximum cv. Massai). Was used nutrient solution under balanced nutrition conditions and nutritional stress due to the lack of N, P and Ca combined with the -Si and +Si. The deficiencies of N, P and Ca in both forages cultivation caused damage to physiological and nutritional variables, hence decreasing the plant dry matter. However, in both species forages the addition of Si to the nutrient solution decreased the extravasation of cellular electrolytes and increased the content of phenolic compounds, the green color index, the quantum efficiency of photosystem II, the efficiencies of use of N, P and Ca and the production of shoot dry mass. The beneficial effects of Si were evidenced in stressed and non-stressed plants. The research emphasized the advantage of using Si for the growth of U. brizantha and M. maximum under N, P and Ca deficiency, contributing to their sustainable cultivation.

scholarly journals Silicon mitigates nutritional stress in quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Carolina Sales ◽  
Cid Naudi Silva Campos ◽  
Jonas Pereira de Souza Junior ◽  
Dalila Lopes da Silva ◽  
Kamilla Silva Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrolyte Leakage ◽  
Complete Solution ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Chenopodium Quinoa ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Nutritional Deficiency ◽  
Chlorophyll Production ◽  
Nutritional Effects ◽  
Si Supply

AbstractNutritional deficiency is common in several regions of quinoa cultivation. Silicon (Si) can attenuate the stress caused by nutritional deficiency, but studies on the effects of Si supply on quinoa plants are still scarce. Given this scenario, our objective was to evaluate the symptoms in terms of tissue, physiological and nutritional effects of quinoa plants submitted to nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg) deficiencies under Si presence. The experiment consisted of a factorial scheme 6 × 2, using a complete solution (CS), -N, -P, -K, -Ca, -Mg combined with absence and presence of Si (1.5 mmol L−1). Symptomatic, physiological, nutritional and evaluation vegetative were performed in quinoa crop. The deficiencies of N, P, K, Ca and Mg in quinoa cultivation caused visual symptoms characteristic of the deficiency caused by respective nutrients, hence decreasing the plant dry mass. However, Si supply attenuated the deficiency effects by preserving the photosynthetic apparatus, increasing the chlorophyll production, increasing the membrane integrity, and decreasing the electrolyte leakage. Thus, the Si supply attenuated the visual effects provided by deficiency of all nutrients, but stood out for N and Ca, because it reflected in a higher dry mass production. This occurred because, the Si promoted higher synthesis and protection of chlorophylls, and lower electrolyte leakage under Ca restriction, as well as decreased electrolyte leakage under N restriction.

NITROGEN NUTRITION OF CITRUS NURSERY STOCK IN PINE BARK SUBSTRATES.

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1161f-1161
Author(s):  
John D. Lea-Cox ◽  
Irwin E. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Pine Bark ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Rough Lemon ◽  
Nursery Stock ◽  
Citrus Rootstock ◽  
Cleopatra Mandarin ◽  
Nutrient Solutions

Pine bark is utilized as a substrate in citrus nurseries in South Africa. The Nitrogen (N) content of pine bark is inherently low, and due to the volubility of N, must be supplied on a continual basis to ensure optimum growth rates of young citrus nursery stock. Three citrus rootstock (rough lemon, carrizo citrange and cleopatra mandarin) showed no difference in stem diameter or total dry mass (TDM) when supplied N at concentrations between 25 and 200 mg ·l-1 N in the nutrient solution over a 12 month growing period. Free leaf arginine increased when N was supplied at 400 mg·l-1 N. The form of N affected the growth of rough lemon. High NH4-N:NO3-N (75:25) ratios decreased TDM when Sulfur (S) was absent from the nutrient solution, but not if S was present. Free arginine increased in leaves at high NH4-N (No S) ratios, but not at high NH4-N (S supplied) ratios. Free leaf arginine was correlated with free leaf ammonia. These results have important implications for reducing the concentration of N in nutrient solutions used in citrus nurseries and may indicate that higher NH4-N ratios can be used when adequate S is also supplied.

scholarly journals Silicon attenuates calcium deficiency by increasing ascorbic acid content, growth and quality of cabbage leaves

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dalila Lopes da Silva ◽  
Renato de Mello Prado ◽  
Luis Felipe Lata Tenesaca ◽  
José Lucas Farias da Silva ◽  
Ben-Hur Mattiuz
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Ascorbic Acid Content ◽  
Calcium Deficiency ◽  
Ca Deficiency ◽  
Leaf Water Loss ◽  
Nutrient Solutions

AbstractCalcium (Ca) deficiency in cabbage plants induces oxidative damage, hampering growth and decreasing quality, however, it is hypothesized that silicon (Si) added to the nutrient solution may alleviate crop losses. Therefore, this study aims at evaluating whether silicon supplied in the nutrient solution reduces, in fact, the calcium deficiency effects on cabbage plants. In a greenhouse, cabbage plants were grown using nutrient solutions with Ca sufficiency and Ca deficiency (5 mM) without and with added silicon (2.5 mM), arranged as a 2 × 2 factorial in randomized blocks, with five replications. At 91 days after transplanting, the plants were harvested for biological evaluations. In the treatment without added Si, Ca deficiency promoted oxidative stress, low antioxidant content, decreased dry matter, and lower quality leaf. On the other hand, added Si attenuated Ca deficiency in cabbage by decreasing cell extravasation while increasing both ascorbic acid content and fresh and dry matter, providing firmer leaves due to diminished leaf water loss after harvesting. We highlighted the agronomic importance of Si added to the nutrient solution, especially in crops at risk of Ca deficiency.

scholarly journals The Growth of Leaf Lettuce and Bacterial Communities in a Closed Aquaponics System with Catfish

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 222
Author(s):  
Kenji Yamane ◽  
Yuuki Kimura ◽  
Keita Takahashi ◽  
Isamu Maeda ◽  
Masayuki Iigo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Culture Solution ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Sustainable Cultivation ◽  
Microbial Groups ◽  
Production Period

Aquaponics is a circulating and sustainable system that combines aquaculture and hydroponics and forms a symbiotic relationship between fish, plants, and microorganisms. We hypothesized that feed alone could support plant growth, but the symbiosis with fish adds some beneficial effects on plant growth in aquaponics. In this study, we created three closed culture systems, namely, aquaponics, hydroponics without nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), and aquaculture, and added the same amount of feed containing N and P to all the treatments in order to test the hypothesis. Accumulation of NO3− and PO43− was alleviated in aquaponics and hydroponics as a result of plant uptake. Lettuce plants grown in aquaponics grew vigorously until 2 weeks and contained a constant level of N in plants throughout the production period, whereas those in hydroponics grew slowly in the early stage and then vigorously after 2 weeks with a late increment of N concentration. These results suggest that catfish help with the faster decomposition of the feed, but, in hydroponics, feed can be slowly dissolved and decomposed owing to the absence of the fish. The bacterial community structures of the culture solution were investigated using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. At the class level, Actinobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, and Gammaproteobacteria were the major microbial groups in the solutions. Aquaponics prevented the pollution of tank solution and maintained a higher water quality compared with hydroponics and aquaculture, suggesting that aquaponics is a more sustainable cultivation system even in a small-scale system.

scholarly journals Nutritional deficiency symptoms of young ‘cedro doce’ plants grown under macronutrient omission

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 264-270
Author(s):  
Simone T. M. de Aquino ◽  
Reila F. dos Santos ◽  
Karine D. Batista
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Complete Solution ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Nutritional Deficiency ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Deficiency Symptoms ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio ◽  
Index Ratio

ABSTRACT ‘Cedro doce’ [Pochota fendleri (Seem) Alverson & Duarte] is a native forest species in Amazon with great ecological and economic importance. Understanding nutritional requirements of the species allows cultivating Pochota fendleri with more efficient fertilization practices since its initial growth, as a seedling. Thus, this research aimed to evaluate the symptoms of nutritional deficiency of young ‘cedro doce’ plants. The experiment was carried out from September to December 2016, under greenhouse conditions, at Embrapa Roraima, in Boa Vista, RR, Brazil. The experiment was a randomized complete block design with seven treatments [complete solution and individual omission of the macronutrients (N, -P, -K, -Ca, -Mg, -S)] and three replications. Each experimental plot corresponded to a pot with one plant, corresponding to 21 plots. At 77 days after transplanting the seedlings to the pots, the plants were evaluated for symptoms of nutritional deficiency: total height, collar diameter, leaf number, chlorophyll a and b, chlorophyll a/b index ratio, shoot and root dry mass, and root/shoot ratio. The macronutrients omission caused nutritional deficiency symptoms in all ‘cedro doce’ plants. In general, P and N omission caused the least development of plants. This result is an indicative that ‘cedro doce’ is a high demanding species for both nutrients, especially phosphorus.

scholarly journals High Sucrose Levels and Abnormal Enzyme Activity as a Function of Nutritional Stress in Sugarcane

1969 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 325-333
Author(s):  
Alex G. Alexander
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Deficiency ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Nutritional Stress ◽  
Nutrient Supply ◽  
Oxidative Enzymes ◽  
Sand Culture ◽  
High Level ◽  
To Receive ◽  
High Sucrose ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

Deficiencies of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and calcium were gradually induced in sugarcane grown by sand culture. There were three objectives: 1, To determine whether nutritional stress in general is a means of inducing higher sucrose production; 2, to determine whether sucrose increases can be triggered without reaching nutrient-deficiency levels which would reduce tonnage; and 3, to ascertain whether increased sucrose production can be traced to common behavior patterns of hydrolytic and oxidative enzymes. All plants received a moderately high level of all nutrients until 14 weeks of age. Thereafter, individual nutrients were gradually lowered at intervals of 2 weeks, while control plants continued to receive the original levels. All plants subjected to nutritional stress accumulated higher leaf sucrose than control plants, regardless of the nutrient withheld. In each instance sucrose increases were recorded before nutrient supply had reached deficiency proportions. General nutritional stress thus appears to trigger variations in sugar level, with nutritional imbalance rather than actual deficiency being a critical factor. All plants under nutritional stress revealed a concurrent suppression of amylase as sucrose increased. Peroxidase was greatly stimulated by all nutritional treatments. Phosphatase was suppressed by decreasing nitrate and phosphorus, but was generally unaffected by the potassium and calcium treatments. Several distinct mechanisms of increased sucrose formation are indicated by the enzyme data. Sensitivity of amylase to changing nutrient supply is discussed from the standpoint of a possible indicator of approaching deficiency.

scholarly journals Potassium Fertigation to Enhance the Performance of Hypoxis hemerocallidea

HortScience ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Patience Seyram Akakpo ◽  
Moosa Mahmood Sedibe ◽  
Bello Zaid ◽  
Zenzile P. Khetsha ◽  
Mokgaputsiwa P. Theka-Kutumela ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Ionic Balance ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Primary Metabolite ◽  
Essential Nutrient ◽  
Effect On Yield ◽  
Metabolite Content ◽  
Positive Effect

Potassium (K) is an essential nutrient in plant metabolism, ionic balance, and stress resistance. In this study, the effects of K on agronomic attributes and on mineral and primary metabolite content in African potato were determined. K was administered hydroponically at four concentrations (4.00, 6.00, 8.00, and 10.00 meq·L−1) using Steiner’s universal nutrient solution. Chlorophyll content (CHL), leaf area (LA), fresh corm mass (FCM), number of roots (NR), root fresh weight (RFM), and root dry mass (RDM) were measured 18, 32, and 40 weeks after transplanting. Mineral analysis data were collected at 18 weeks, and primary metabolite data were collected at 32 weeks. Significant effects of K were observed after 18 weeks, and all test concentrations had a positive effect on yield. Calcium and boron significantly accumulated in the corm at 4.00 meq·L−1 K. Alanine and malic acid were the only metabolites affected by K concentrations. More minerals accumulated in the corm at 4.00 meq·L−1 K, whereas at 10.00 meq·L−1 K, more minerals clustered in the leaf. K applied at 4.00 meq·L−1 is recommended when growing African potato using a nutrient solution to improve corm mineral and metabolite accumulation.

Determining the content of nitrogen and some macroelements in the dry mass of perennial leguminous plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Željko Lakić ◽  
Mirjana Žabić ◽  
Tihomir Predić
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
First Year ◽  
Random Block ◽  
Beginning Of Flowering ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Perennial Legumes ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

The aim of this study was to determine the content of elements N, P, K, Ca, and Mg in the dry mass of perennial fodder legumes, mowed in the optimal growth phase. The experiment with perennial legumes of alfalfa (Medicago sativa), red clover (Trifolium pretense) and bird's-foot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.) was set up as a random block system in four replicates on valley-brown soil and was conducted for two years. The green mass of perennial legumes in the first and second mowing was harvested at the end of budding/ beginning of flowering phase. In the third and fourth regrowth, mowing of the biomass was done after 5 weeks. Immediately after each mowing, representative sample of green biomass was taken from each replicate of each legume tested. The content of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, and magnesium in the dry plant material was determined. The content of nitrogen and potassium in the fodder of alfalfa and red clover was higher in the first year of the study, which was not the case for bird's-foot trefoil. The dry matter of alfalfa on average had the highest content of nitrogen (39.8 g kg-1 DM) and calcium (19.6 g kg-1 DM), bird's-foot trefoil of phosphorus (10.6 g kg-1 DM) and potassium (26.1 g kg-1 DM), and red clover of magnesium (3.7 g kg-1 DM). In the dry mass of bird's-foot trefoil the average content of nitrogen was 39.0 g kg-1 DM, phosphorus 10.6 g kg-1 DM, potassium 26.1 g kg-1 DM, calcium 15.7 g kg-1 DM, and magnesium 3.5 g kg-1 DM.

scholarly journals Azospirillum brasilense Can Impressively Improve Growth and Development of Urochloa brizantha under Irrigation

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 220
Author(s):  
Bruno Rafael de Almeida Moreira ◽  
Ronaldo da Silva Viana ◽  
Vinícius Lopes Favato ◽  
Paulo Alexandre Monteiro de Figueiredo ◽  
Lucas Aparecido Manzani Lisboa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Azospirillum Brasilense ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Harsh Environments ◽  
Healthy Development ◽  
Grazing Systems ◽  
Urochloa Brizantha

Development of strategies to ensure grazing systems are sustainably produced in harsh environments, while not fertilizing them conventionally, is challenging. Figuring out the extent to which dose of inoculation and period of watering can positively influence the establishment of an effective symbiosis between U. brizantha cv. Marandu and Azospirillum brasilense is the point of this research. The treatment consisted of mixing 1 kg seeds with the inoculant of the strains Ab-V5 and Ab-V6 at 5, 10, 20, and 40 mL kg−1, 2 × 108 CFU mL−1. The plants grew in pots watered 2, 4, 8, and 16 days after sowing over thirty-days, twice. The bioagent at 5–10 mL kg−1 enabled the plants watered up to 4 days after sowing to peak the production of dry mass of shoots (28.50 g) and roots (12.55 g). The efficiency of the symbiosis goes down quickly with increasing dose and delay of watering. Hence, if the dose of inoculant is higher than 10 mL kg−1, it cannot successfully act in plants watered at least 8 days after sowing anymore. In conclusion, A. brasilense can assist in U. brizantha cv. Marandu growth and healthy development unless a lack of water in the substrate and an overdose collectively deter its potential.

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