Effect of Water Irrigation Amounts and Nitrogen Fertilizer Levels on Teosinte Productivity and Optimal Economic N-Rates Under Salinity Stress

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sherif A. Aboelgoud ◽  
Ibrahim S. M. Mosaad ◽  
Hesham A. Awad
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Full Irrigation ◽  
Irrigation Amount ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Irrigation Rate ◽  
Fodder Crops ◽  
N Rates

Abstract The teosinte plant is one of the most important fodder crops that is affected by drought and nitrogen supply, and therefore the optimal supply of N- fertilization may be affected by the amount of irrigation water added to teosinte plants to obtain an economic crop. Two field experiments were done to study the effect of irrigation amount at three levels (100%, 80% and 120%) and nitrogen fertilizer levels (60, 90 and 120 kg N fed-1) (Feddan = 4200 m2) on the yield productivity of teosinte and determined the optimal and economic optimal N rate as affected by irrigation amount levels, and water relations. The results showed that the highest values of the fresh and dry weight of cuts, as well as plant height and stem diameter, were obtained when applying the full irrigation rate with full irrigation and 120 kg N fed-1. The results also showed that a 20% decrease in the irrigation rate led to a deterioration in the values of those parameters. Although the results showed that the full irrigation amount more saved water at two seasons under various levels of nitrogen. Moreover, all water relationships gave the best mean values for actual evapotranspiration, water utilization and use efficiencies also, higher application efficiency values at full irrigation and 120 kg N-levels than the other treatments. Also, the results showed that the economical yield of teosinte fresh cuts when using 211.01 kg N fed-1 with 120% of the recommended irrigation rate was higher when using 148.22 kg N fed-1 with the recommended irrigation rate. Therefore, we recommend using 211.01 kg N fed-1 to get an optimum economic yield of teosinte fresh cuts, especially in saline soil, with 120% of the recommended irrigation rate.

scholarly journals Growth, Critical N Concentration and Crop N Demand in Butterhead and Crisphead Lettuce Grown under Mediterranean Conditions

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 681 ◽  
Author(s):  
Conversa ◽  
Elia
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Butterhead Lettuce ◽  
N Demand ◽  
N Use ◽  
Critical N Concentration

Excessive nitrogen (N) fertilizers are applied in lettuce causing both environmental issues and N crop luxury consumption. In order to improve the N use efficiency (NUE) by defining optimal crop growth and N requirements of butterhead and crisphead lettuce, two field experiments were conducted using 0, 50, and 100 kg ha−1 of N fertilizer to study (i) the growth and productivity, (ii) the NUE, (iii) the critical N dilution curve, and (iv) the N demand. Nitrogen supply enhanced dry weight (DW) accumulation in the butterhead (from 295 to 410 g m−2), but not in the crisphead type (251 g m−2). The NUE indices underlined the poor ability of the crisphead type in absorbing soil N and also in the utilization of the absorbed N for producing DW. The critical N dilution curves %Nc = 3.96 DW−0.205 and %Nc = 3.65 DW−0.115 were determined for crisphead and butterhead lettuce, respectively. Based on these type-specific %Nc curves, the estimated N demand was 125 kg ha−1 in the butterhead and 80 kg ha−1 in the crisphead lettuce for producing 4.3 and 2.5 Mg ha−1 of DW, respectively, under Mediterranean climate. Neither N fertilization nor genotype affected crop productivity.

scholarly journals (70) Hydroponic Sunflower Production as Influenced by Cultivar, Nitrogen Fertilization, and Root-knot Nematode Infestation

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 1013D-1013
Author(s):  
Yan Chen ◽  
Donald Merhaut ◽  
J. Ole Becker
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Harvest Time ◽  
Cut Flowers ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Hydroponic System ◽  
Flower Quality ◽  
N Rates

Nitrogen (N) fertilization is critical for successful production of cut flowers in a hydroponic system. In this study, two sunflower cultivars: single-stand `Mezzulah' and multi-stand `Golden Cheer' were grown under two N fertilization rates: 50 mg·L-1 and 100 mg·L-1 in a recirculating hydroponic system. At the same time, `Mezzulah' sunflowers were biologically stressed by exposing each plant to 2000 second-stage juveniles of the plant parasitic nematode Meloidogyne incognita, race 1. The experiment was conducted in May and repeated in Sept. 2004, and plant growth and flower quality between control and nematode-infested plants were compared at the two N rates. The two cultivars responded differently to fertilization treatments. With increasing N rate, the dry weight of `Mezzulah' increased, while that of `Golden Cheer' decreased. Flower size and harvest time were significantly different between the two cultivars. However, N had no effect on flower quality and harvest time. Flower quality rating suggests that quality cut stems can be obtained with 50 mg·L-1 N nutrient solution. Nematode egg count suggests that plants in the nematode treatment were successfully infested with Meloidogyne incognita, however, no significant root galling was observed, and plant growth and flower quality were not affected by nematode infestation.

Effects of Water-Nitrogen Coupling on Dry Matter and Nutrient Accumulation of Flue-Cured Tobacco

2014 ◽  
Vol 1073-1076 ◽  
pp. 1620-1623
Author(s):  
Xiao Hou Shao ◽  
Mao Mao Hou ◽  
Jing Nan Chen ◽  
You Bo Yuan ◽  
Fu Zhang Ding
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Tobacco Plant ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Nutrient Accumulation ◽  
Irrigation Amount ◽  
Nitrogen Coupling ◽  
Weight Proportion

In order to explore the effects of water-nitrogen coupling on dry matter and nutrient accumulation of flue-cured tobacco, 9 treatments with different lowest limits and nitrogen fertilizer amount were designed, and the distribution and accumulation of dry matter and nutrient (N, P and K) of flue-cured tobaccos under water-nitrogen coupling treatments were observed. Results showed that: (1) High irrigation amount could not certainly increase the dry matter accumulation of tobacco root, but which was beneficial to the dry matter accumulation of whole tobacco plant. (2) Dry weight proportion of flue-cured tobacco leaves was highest, which was above 55% among the treatments. (3) Higher water and nitrogen promoted the nutrient accumulation of flue-cured tobaccos, nutrient content of W3N3, W3N2 and W2N2 was higher compared to other treatments.

Utilisation de l'engrais azoté marqué au 15N par le maïs selon les modes d'application et les doses d'azote

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thi Sen Tran ◽  
Marcel Giroux ◽  
Michel P. Cescas
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
N Recovery ◽  
Split Application ◽  
N Application ◽  
Application Methods ◽  
N Rates

The main objective of this study was to compare the recovery of 15N-labelled fertilizer by different methods of N application and N rates. Field experiments were carried out for 3 yr at Saint-Hyacinthe (Saint-Damase, Du Contour, Sainte-Rosalie soils) and at Saint-Lambert, Lévis (Le Bras soil). Grain corn (cv. Pride K228, 2700 CHU) and silage corn (cv. Hyland 3251, 2300 CHU) were grown at Saint-Hyacinthe and Saint-Lambert, respectively. In 1988 and 1989, field trials were arranged in a randomized complete bloc design consisting of five treatments in three replications: control 0 N and four split application methods of N fertilizer. Labelled 15NH4 15NO3 fertilizer was applied either banded at planting as starter (D), broadcast and incorporated before planting (Vs) or sidedressing between rows at V6 to V8 stages of corn (Bp). In 1990 field trials, treatments consisted of four N rates (0, 60, 120 and 180 kg N ha−1) labelled with 15NH4 15NO3. The effect of N rates on yield and N uptake by corn was significant in all years. However, the effect of application methods was significant only on the soil Du Contour in 1989 where corn grain yield was highest when N fertilizer was split as starter and sidedress band. The CUR of N fertilizer applied broadcast before planting (42 to 48%) was generally lower than sidedressing band application (43 to 54%). N fertilizer recovery in the starter showed also high CUR values (45 to 60%). Consequently, it is recommended to split N fertilizers and apply in band to increase efficiency for grain corn. The CUR values decreased with N rates only in Le Bras soil in 1990. Residual N fertilizer increased from 27 to 103 kg N ha−1 for 60 and 180 kg N ha−1 rates, respectively. Consequently, the environmental impact of N fertilization may increased with high N rate. Key words: Grain corn, silage corn, 15N recovery, fertilizer N split application

scholarly journals Nitrogen Fertilization and HPS Supplementary Lighting Influence Vegetable Transplant Production. I. Transplant Growth

1991 ◽  
Vol 116 (4) ◽  
pp. 594-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Masson ◽  
Nicolas Tremblay ◽  
André Gosselin
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Apium Graveolens ◽  
Promising Technique ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Supplementary Lighting ◽  
N Rates

This experiment was initiated to determine the effects of supplementary lighting of 100 μmol·s-1·m-2 (PAR) in combination with four N rates (100, 200, 300, and 400 mg N/liter) on growth of celery (Apium graveolens L.), lettuce (Luctuca sativa L.), broccoli (Brassica oleracea italica L.), and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) transplants in multicellular trays. Supplementary lighting, as compared with natural light alone, increased shoot dry weight of celery, lettuce, broccoli, and tomato transplants by 22%, 40%, 19%, and 24%, and root dry weight by 97%, 42%, 38%, and 21%, respectively. It also increased the percentage of shoot dry matter of broccoli and tomato, leaf area of lettuce and broccoli, and root: shoot dry weight ratio (RSDWR) of celery and broccoli. Compared with 100 mg N/liter, a N rate of 400 mg·liter-1 increased the shoot dry weight of celery, lettuce, broccoli, and tomato transplants by 37%, 38%, 61%, and 38%, respectively. High N fertilization accelerated shoot growth at the expense of root growth, except for tomato where a 16% increase of root dry weight was observed. High N also reduced percentage of shoot dry matter. Supplementary lighting appears to be a promising technique when used in combination with high N rates to improve the production of high quality transplants, particularly those sown early.

scholarly journals Efficiency Use of Nitrogen In Several Palm Oil Varieties With Treatment of Nitrogen Fertilizer Levels In Main Nursery

1970 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 428-433
Author(s):  
Muhammad Afrillah ◽  
Chairani Hanum ◽  
Abdul Rauf
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Fertilizer Recommendation ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Optimal Value ◽  
Two Factors

Efficiency use of nitrogen in several palm oil varieties with treatment in nitrogen fertilizer level in main nursery. This study aims to determine the growth characteristics of several varieties of palm oil efficient use of nitrogen with the provision of various nitrogen levels in the main nursery. The research was conducted in the nursery area of Yos Sudarso Binjai road and the Soil Laboratory of the Palm Oil Research Center, Medan from May to November 2017, using a factorial randomized block design with two factors. The first factor is varieties consisting of 7 types namely Avros, Simalungun, PPKS 540, Yangambi, PPKS 718, PPKS 239, Langkat. The second factor is the N fertilization dose consisting of 5 levels ie 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% from fertilizer recommendation. The results showed that the addition of N level increased the dry weight of the canopy, and the uptake of plant N nutrients. The efficient use of optimal Nitrogen in Yangambi varieties was obtained on N 25% fertilization, while Avros and PPKS 239 were at 50% recommendation level. 75% recommendation produce optimal value efficient use of N on Simalungun variety, PPKS 718, and Langkat. PPKS 540 varieties efficient use of N optimal at 100% recommendation level.

scholarly journals Effect of nitrogen and ecological factors on quality of winter triticale cultivars

Genetika ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 465-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veselinka Zecevic ◽  
Desimir Knezevic ◽  
Jelena Boskovic ◽  
Slobodan Milenkovic
Keyword(s):  
Water Absorption ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Winter Triticale ◽  
Dough Properties ◽  
Gluten Content

Field experiments were conducted during three growing seasons of (2004/05, 2005/06 and 2006/07) to investigate the effect of various nitrogen doses on quality components of two winter triticale cultivars (Favorit and Trijumf). Nitrogen fertilizers are applied in four doses: N1= 60 kg N ha-1, N2= 90 kg N ha-1 and N3= 120 kg N ha-1. Analysis of sedimentation, gluten content, and rheological flour and dough properties were done. The results showed that N fertilization significantly increased investigated quality traits in both cultivars. The highest sedimentation value and gluten content established with application of 120 kg N ha-1. Triticale cultivars reacted positively to nitrogen increasing, and its rheological flour and dough properties increased with N increasing. Nevertheless, quality of investigated cultivars belonged to C2 quality group. By the analysis of variance established high significant differences in mean values of sedimentation, wet gluten content and water absorption among the cultivars (A), years (B) and supplied nitrogen doses (C). All interactions (AB, AC, BC and ABC) were significant for wet gluten content, but for sedimentation only interaction, while of water absorption was only significant interaction BC.

scholarly journals Dry Matter and Nitrogen Accumulation During Vegetative and Grain Filling of Lentil (Lens culinaris Medic.) as Affected by Nitrogen Rates

2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurdilek GULMEZOGLU ◽  
Nihal KAYAN
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Nitrogen Accumulation ◽  
N Accumulation ◽  
N Rates

This research aimed to determine the effect of different levels of nitrogen (N) on the growth, yield and the N accumulation of lentil plants grown under rain-fed conditions. The two-year field experiments with lentil were arranged in a randomised complete block design. Nitrogen was applied at four rates (0, 20, 40 and 60 kg ha-1) and all of the plots received half of the N rates before sowing in October and the remaining N rate in spring. The plants were harvested in the following stages: the first multifoliate leaf unfolding at the fifth node (V5) full seed or seed on nodes 10-13 that fill pod cavities (R6) and maturity (R8). The dry weight and N concentration of the shoot (leaf+stem), pod wall, and seed were then measured. It has been found that N application significantly affected the lentil characteristics. The maximum biomass accumulation and N accumulation were obtained at R6, and the N fertiliser had a positive effect on the seed weight and N accumulation. It can be suggest that 20 kg N ha-1 will increase the per-plant dry matter and N accumulation of the seeds under rain-fed conditions.

scholarly journals Comparison of Root Characteristics of Conventionally Grown Cowpeas and Cowpeas Grown without Added Nitrogen Fertilizer

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 687b-687
Author(s):  
Brian A. Kahn ◽  
Judith L. Schroeder
Keyword(s):  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Root Characteristics ◽  
Cultural Systems ◽  
Input Sample

Field experiments were conducted in Oklahoma in 1993 and 1994. Cowpeas [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] were grown using either non-inoculated seed and 23 kg·ha–1 of preplant nitrogen fertilizer (conventional) or inoculated seed and no preplant nitrogen fertilizer (reduced input). Sample plants were excavated at first pod set and analyzed for nodulation and root morphology. Additional plants were excavated at the green-shell stage and were analyzed for nitrogen concentration. Conventional and reduced input cowpeas did not differ in nodule distribution among root morphological components, total nodule fresh weight, total root dry weight, or nitrogen concentration. Most nodules generally were located on the basal and lateral roots. Results indicate that cowpea root characteristics are not necessarily altered by differing cultural systems at a given location.

Nitrogen rate and source effects on foliar sugar, glycoalkaloid, and amino acid composition of potato Russet Burbank

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guoqi Wen ◽  
Athyna N. Cambouris ◽  
Noura Ziadi ◽  
Annick Bertrand ◽  
Mohamed Khelifi
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Tuber Yield ◽  
Block Design ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Russet Burbank ◽  
Macrosiphum Euphorbiae ◽  
N Sources ◽  
N Rates

The foliar chemicals in potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) could affect the growth and development of agricultural pests, such as Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) and aphid, Macrosiphum euphorbiae. Thus, altering the chemical composition of potato leaves could potentially supplement integrated pest management (IPM). In this study, field experiments were conducted in Quebec, Canada, to investigate the effects of nitrogen (N) rates and sources on foliar sugar, glycoalkaloid, and amino acid concentrations and tuber yield of potato cv. Russet Burbank. Three N fertilizer sources of ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, and polymer-coated urea were used at four N rates of 60, 120, 200, and 280 kg N ha-1 plus an unfertilized control in a randomized complete block design. The fourth leaves from the top of twenty randomly selected plants in each plot were collected at 54, 68, and 82 days after planting for sugar, glycoalkaloid, and amino acid analysis. Tubers were collected at harvest, and the total and marketable yields were measured. Results showed that N fertilization linearly decreased sugar concentrations and these reduced sugars were conveyed and stored in tubers as starch. Glycoalkaloid concentrations in leaves were influenced by N sources and rates. Both total and marketable yields quadratically varied with increasing N rates regardless of N sources, with average values of 36.4 and 28.3 Mg ha-1, respectively. Since N rate affected potato foliar chemical composition and tuber yield, N fertilization could be considered as a supplemental tool to the IPM strategy for potato pest control.

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