scholarly journals Plant extract as gas adsorbent to reduce smoke toxicants of cigarette

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liu Yonggang
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Plant Extract ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Hydrogen Cyanide ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Gas Adsorption ◽  
Fruit Extract ◽  
Cigarette Filter ◽  
Platycladus Orientalis ◽  
Adsorption Capacities

Abstract Cigarette smoke contains thousands of chemicals including many known toxicants and annually leads to millions of deaths worldwide. To reduce the harms of cigarette, plant extracts were applied to adsorb smoke toxicants of cigarette. Results showed that platycladus orientalis leaf extract and mulberry fruit extract particles filled into cigarette cellulose acetate filter can significantly reduce 15 major cigarette smoke toxicants emission including hydrogen cyanide (HCN), benzo[α] pyrene (B[a]P), formaldehyde, crotonaldehyde, 2-butanone, P-hydroquinone, M-dihydroxybenzene, catechol, phenol, M-P-cresol, O-cresol, N'-nitrosonornicotine (NNN), 4-methylnitrosamino-l-3-pyridyl- butanone (NNK), (R,S)-N-nitrosoanatabine (NAT) and (R,S)-N-nitrosoanabasine (NAB) by 11.90% to 60.42% (P<0.01). Platycladus orientalis leaf extract particles added in the outer cigarette filter also can adsorb other 125 kinds of chemicals most of which are harmful. Our results also indicated that plant extract has extensive gas adsorption characteristics and different plant extracts displayed different adsorption capacity to different toxicants. The adsorption capacities of five randomly selected plant extracts are all significantly higher than that of activated carbon（P<0.01). These findings suggest that plant extracts are excellent cigarette smoke adsorbents.

scholarly journals Topical Toxicity of Esenbeckia pumila Extracts on Leaf-Cutting Ants Atta laevigata and Acromyrmex balzani

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 248
Author(s):  
Brenda R. Souza ◽  
Gustavo M. Coelho ◽  
Ednaldo C. Rocha ◽  
Flávio G. Jesus ◽  
Antônio C. S. Menezes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Secondary Compounds ◽  
Delayed Effect ◽  
Fruit Extract ◽  
Atta Laevigata ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Leaf Cutting ◽  
Different Doses

The aim of this study was to evaluate the topical toxicity of the Esenbeckia pumila plant extracts on workers of the Atta laevigata and Acromyrmex balzani. Five leaf fractions E. pumila were drawn viz., the hexane, ethanolic, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and methanolic extracts, as well as the ethanolic fruit extracts. Further, the phytochemical leaf extract exploration was performed, and the secondary compounds detected were as follows: flavonoids, anthraquinones, coumarins, cardioactive heterosides and tannins. The different leaf and fruit extract fractions were first diluted in 70% ethyl alcohol, and different doses were topically applied to the A. laevigata and A. balzani workers. All the fractions extracted exhibited formicidal effects and this effect was greater to A. laevigata rather than to A. balzani. Only a small percentage of the workers succumbed within the first few hours of application of the different extracts in comparison with the workers which died only after a longer exposure time (72 h) implying a delayed effect of E. pumila extracts.

scholarly journals 1H nuclear magnetic resonance-based metabolite profiling of guava leaf extract: an attempt to develop a prototype for standardization of plant extracts

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manasi S. Gholkar ◽  
Jia V. Li ◽  
Poonam G. Daswani ◽  
P. Tetali ◽  
Tannaz J. Birdi
Keyword(s):  
Ferulic Acid ◽  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Nmr Spectra ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Least Square ◽  
E Coli ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Guava Leaf

Abstract Background Herbal medicines are fast gaining popularity. However, their acceptability by modern practitioners is low which is often due to lack of standardization. Several approaches towards standardization of herbals have been employed. The current study attempted to recognize key peaks from 1H NMR spectra which together would comprise of a spectral fingerprint relating to efficacy of Psidium guajava (guava) leaf extract as an antidiarrhoeal when a number of unidentified active principles are involved. Methods Ninety samples of guava leaves were collected from three locations over three seasons. Hydroalcoholic (water and ethanol, 50:50) extracts of these samples were prepared and their 1H NMR spectra were acquired. Spectra were also obtained for quercetin, ferulic acid and gallic acid as standards. Eight bioassays reflecting different stages of diarrhoeal pathogenesis were undertaken and based on pre-decided cut-offs, the extracts were classified as ‘good’ or ‘poor’ extracts. The bioactivity data was then correlated with the 1H NMR profiles using Regression or Orthogonal Partial Least Square-Discriminant Analysis (OPLS-DA). Results OPLS-DA showed seasonal and regional segregation of extracts. Significant models were established for seven bioassays, namely those for anti-bacterial activity against Shigella flexneri and Vibrio cholerae, adherence of E. coli, invasion of E. coli and S. flexneri and production and binding of toxin produced by V. cholerae. It was observed that none of the extracts were good or bad across all the bioassays. The spectral analysis showed multiple peaks correlating with a particular activity. Based on NMR and LC-MS/MS, it was noted that the extracts contained quercetin, ferulic acid and gallic acid. However, they did not correlate with the peaks that segregated extracts with good and poor activity. Conclusions The current study identified key peaks in 1H NMR spectra contributing to the anti-diarrhoeal activity of guava leaf extracts. The approach of using spectral fingerprinting employed in the present study can thus be used as a prototype towards standardization of plant extracts with respect to efficacy.

scholarly journals Effects of plant extracts on antioxidant status and oxidant-induced stress in Caco-2 cells

2007 ◽  
Vol 97 (2) ◽  
pp. 321-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Aisling Aherne ◽  
Joseph P. Kerry ◽  
Nora M. O'Brien
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Plant Extract ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Antioxidant Status ◽  
Cell Injury ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Neutral Red ◽  
Dna Integrity ◽  
Cell Membrane Integrity ◽  
Wide Range

Experimental evidence suggests that most herbs and spices possess a wide range of biological and pharmacological activities that may protect tissues against O2-induced damage. The objectives of the present study were: first, to determine the effects of plant extracts on the viability, membrane integrity, antioxidant status and DNA integrity of Caco-2 cells and second, to investigate the cytoprotective and genoprotective effects of these plant extracts against oxidative stress in Caco-2 cells. The plant extracts examined were rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.), oregano (Origanum vulgare L.), sage (Salvia officinalis L.) and echinacea (Echinacea purpurea L.). Cell membrane integrity was assessed by the lactate dehydrogenase release assay. Viability was determined by the neutral red uptake assay (NRUA) and the concentration of compound that resulted in 50 % cell death (IC50) was calculated. Antioxidant status of the cells was assessed by measuring GSH content, catalase activity and superoxide dismutase activity. To examine their cytoprotective and genoprotective effects, Caco-2 cells were pre-treated with each plant extract for 24 h followed by exposure to H2O2. DNA damage was assessed by the comet assay and cell injury was determined by the NRUA. Rosemary was the most toxic (IC50 123 μg/ml) and echinacea the least toxic (IC50 1421 μg/ml). Sage was the only plant extract to affect the antioxidant status of the cells by increasing GSH content. Sage, oregano and rosemary protected against H2O2-induced DNA damage (olive tail moment and percentage tail DNA), whereas protection against H2O2-induced cytotoxicity was afforded by sage only.

Functional porous carboxymethylcellulose microspheres – preparation and reduction of hydrogen cyanide yield in cigarette smoke

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (sup6) ◽  
pp. S6-21-S6-25
Author(s):  
P. J. Sun ◽  
S. Yang ◽  
X. H. Sun ◽  
Y. Z. Jia ◽  
Y. P. Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Hydrogen Cyanide

scholarly journals Evaluation of Some Indigenous Plant Extracts for Suppressing Bipolaris sorokiniana in Wheat Seed

2010 ◽  
pp. 96-104
Author(s):  
Rokshana Panna ◽  
FM Aminuzzaman ◽  
MR Islam ◽  
MHM Borhannuddin Bhuyan
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Bipolaris Sorokiniana ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Pathology Laboratory ◽  
Black Cumin ◽  
Seed Pathology ◽  
Indigenous Plant ◽  
Black Cumin Seed

Studies were conducted in the Seed Pathology Laboratory, Department of Plant Pathology, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University to evaluate some indigenous plant extracts on the incidence of Bipolaris sorokiniana of wheat and seed germination. Seed treated with plant extracts reduced the incidence of Bipolaris sorokiniana. The lowest incidence was counted (12.33%) in seeds treated with Burmuda grass extracts (1:2W/V). While the highest seed germination (99.60%) was recorded in seeds treated with this grass extract followed by 99.33% germination in seeds treated with Neem leaf extract (1:2W/V), 98.00% with nut sedge grass rhizome extract (1:2 W/V), 87.67% with Allamanda leaf extract (1:2W/V). Comparatively the lowest incidence of Bipolaris sorokiniana (14.00%) was observed in seeds treated with Neem leaf extracts (1:2W/V) followed by 14.50% in seeds treated with Nut sedge grass rhizome extracts (1:2W/V), Black cumin seed extracts (15.20%) and Allamanda leaf extract (24.00%).

scholarly journals Fertigation of ‘BRS Princesa’ banana with humic substance and saponin-based plant extracts

Revista CERES ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 392-398
Author(s):  
Diego Magalhães de Melo* ◽  
Eugênio Ferreira Coelho ◽  
Raul Castro Carriello Rosa ◽  
Ana Lucia Borges ◽  
Djalma Barbosa dos Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Humic Substances ◽  
Humic Substance ◽  
Plant Extract ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Fulvic Acids ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Banana Cultivar

ABSTRACT The use of humic substances and plant extract has been increasing mainly in organic crop systems without scientific-based recommendations. Research is necessary to evaluate the feasibility and the recommendations of these substances. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of humic substances (humic and fulvic acids) applied by fertigation with and without saponin-based plant extracts on growth and yield of ‘BRS Princesa’ banana. The experiment was carried out using the banana cultivar ‘BRS Princesa’, at a spacing of 2.0 × 2.5 m, fertigated by drip irrigation in a Dystric Densic Xantic Ferralsol, at the Recôncavo da Bahia, Brazil. Treatments consisted of five doses of humic substances (0.0; 70; 105; 140, and 210 L ha-1cycle-1) applied with and without a saponin-based plant extract in a randomized block design in split-plot scheme. The following growth variables were evaluated: number of leaves, pseudostem height, pseudostem diameter, and length and width of the third leaf. The number of fruits/hand and hands/bunch, hand and bunch yield, and length and fruit diameter of the second central hand were evaluated during harvest. The doses of humic substances influenced only pseudostem height. Hand yield, as well as fruit length and diameter of ‘BRS Princesa’ banana were higher in plants fertigated with humic substance and plant extract in comparison with plants fertigated with only humic substance.

scholarly journals Phytochemical analysis and antibacterial activity of Staurogyne sp. in fish disease bacteria

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Media Fitri Isma Nugraha ◽  
Hessy Novita ◽  
Muh Alias Rajamuddin ◽  
Rossa Yunita ◽  
Wening Enggarini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extract ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Streptococcus Agalactiae ◽  
Aquatic Plant ◽  
Chromobacterium Violaceum ◽  
Edwardsiella Ictaluri ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Fish Disease ◽  
Flavobacterium Columnare

This study was aimed to identify the potential use of active compounds extracted from Staurogyne sp as an antibacterial agent to control disease-causing bacteria in fish. Staurogyne sp, an aquatic plant collected from Bantimurung, South Sulawesi were subjected to allelochemical compound. Plant extracts were tested to five bacteria including four types of bacterial pathogen, such as Aeromonas hydrophilla, Edwardsiella ictaluri, Streptococcus agalactiae, and Flavobacterium columnare, and one bacterial sensing quoroum, Chromobacterium violaceum. Based on phytochemical analysis, Staurogyne’s extracts derived from both stem and root contained flavonoids, phenols, and antioxidants compounds with the concentration of 0.018 mgQE/g, 0.3471 mgGAE/g, and  1004,391 IC50 µg/mL, respectively. In addition, Staurogyne plant extracts derived from both their stem and root has also produced both saponins and glycosides compounds. Plant extracts derived from Staurogyne’s leaves revealed three major chemical compounds such as flavonoids (0.77 mgQE/g), phenol (0.0629 mgGAE/g), and glycosides (+). However, no antioxidants and saponin compounds were detected.  Applying plant extracts as an antibacterial on five disease-causing bacteria causing diseases in aquaculture, such as Aeromonas Hydrophilla, Edwardsiella ictaluri, Streptococcus agalactiae, Flavobacterium columnare, and Chromobacterium violaceum bacterials revealed that at concentration of 0.1 g the Staurogyne sp extracts did not influence all the bacterials growth. However, by application of plant extract at concentration of 0.2 g on the growth media,three out of 5 tested bacterials (Aeromonas hydrophilla, Edwardsiella ictaluri, and Streptococcus agalactiae) showed intermediate inhibition responses on bacterial growth. The growth of remaining two bacterials pathogen, Flavobacterium columnare and Chromobacterium violaceum at 0.2 g plant extract of Staurogyne sp was not affected. This study revealed that the use of active compound derived from Staurogyne sp would be potential to be used in inhibiting disease-causing bacterial in fish in future. However, optimum concentration of the plant extracts, in particular on the inhibition of the growth of disease-causing bacteria in fish is still needed to adjust.Key words: Antibacterial, aquatic plant, Staurogyne sp, fish disease

scholarly journals تثبيط التغيرات الخلوية الوراثية المستحثة بعقار MMC في الفأر الأبيض باستخدام مستخلصي نبات القريص نوع Urtica pilulifera

2007 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-51
Author(s):  
Ismail Kadhum Shubber ◽  
Laith Abdel Hassan ◽  
Saadi Hamad Hilal
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Cell Division ◽  
Plant Extract ◽  
Chromosomal Aberrations ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Marrow Cell ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Genotoxic Effects ◽  
Control Drug ◽  
Cytogenetic Effects

The aim of this study was to investigate the potency of aquatic & alcoholic extracts of the leaves of Urtica pilulifera plant against mutagenecity of Mitomycine C (MMC) drug in mice.The genotoxic effects of three different concentrations 0.01, 0.1 & 0.5 mg/kg from aqueous or ethanolic extract were tested in mice. 0.01 mg/kg bw from either types of extracts were selected as non-genotoxic in comparison to control. Drug-plant extract interaction was tested using mitotic index & Chromosomal aberrations as bioindicators for detection of the potency of the plant extract in reduction of MMC-induction of cytogenetic effects. Two types of treatments were followed, either plant extracts were given before (2, 4, 6) days, or after (2, 4, 6) days, of treatment with MMC. The results revealed that 0.2 mg/kg of MMC significantly inhibited bone marrow cell division and increased the spontaneous levels of chromosomal aberration up to 20 times. Treatment of mice with aqueous or alcoholoic leaf-extract reduced significantly (p < 0.01) the genotoxic effects of MMC. This reduction was more pronounced in animals which were given the extract after treatment with MMC comparing to its treatment before the MMC exposure. These results indicated that Utrtica pilulifera leaves extract behave as bio-anti mutagen first degree and acting indirectly in the 2nd degree.

scholarly journals Pharmacognostical, Phytochemical, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity of Costus woodsonii

2019 ◽  
pp. 53-59
Author(s):  
Mukesh S Sikarwar ◽  
Chew Khai Szeek ◽  
Neeraj Paliwal
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Plant Extract ◽  
Total Phenolic Content ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Concentration Test ◽  
Antioxidant And Antimicrobial Activity

Background: Herbal medicine mostly contains wide range of chemical compounds responsible for medicinal therapeutic use. Costus woodsonii is commonly called as Red Button Ginger and synonyms of the botanical name are Costus spiralis, Alpinia spiralis and Costus pisonis. In Malay, it is known as Setawar Halia Merah. In Chinese, it is known as Hong Bi Qiao Jiang. Objective: This research was conducted to study the pharmacognostical, phytochemical, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of C. woodsonii leaf extracts. Method: Macroscopy, microscopy, phytochemical analysis, thin layer chromatography, antioxidant activity and antimicrobial activity of C. woodsonii leaf were carried out. Total flavonoids were estimated in the leaf extract. The total phenolic content of C. woodsonii leaf was determined using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent. The antioxidant activity of leaf extract of C. woodsonii was determined by performing DPPH radical scavenging. The microbial activity was determined by Well diffusion test, MIC (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration) test and MBC (Minimum Bactericidal Concentration) test. Result and Discussion: C. woodsonii belongs to costaceae with elliptical green leaves. Till now are no extensive studies on C. woodsonii. Preliminary phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of flavonoid, steroid, fat, phenol, tannin and mucilage in leaf extract. Physicochemical studies further revealed the ash value of leaf as 8.7%. Among the three extractions, alcohol extractive values showed the highest as 13%. Loss on drying at 105 degree Celsius in leaf was found to be 12.67%. The plant extract showed total phenolic content of 7.941 mg GAE/g at concentration of 5µg/ml. As for flavonoids content, plant extract showed 21.7 mg RE/g at concentration of 200µg/ml and 43.4 mg RE/g at concentration of 400µg/ml. For antioxidant activity, the plant extract showed weak antioxidant activity in DPPH scavenging activity assay. For antimicrobial test, the leaf extract of C. woodsonii showed weak antimicrobial activity. Conclusion: From this study, it can conclude that C. woodsonii leaf extract possess weak antioxidant activity and weak antimicrobial activity which need to be further validated by using more antioxidant assays and antimicrobial tests.

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