scholarly journals Analysis of Exotic Parasitic Infection in a Large Group of Imported Dogs Following an Animal Welfare Investigation

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Wright ◽  
Vanessa Whitfield ◽  
Runa Hanaghan ◽  
Melissa Upjohn ◽  
Paula Boyden
Keyword(s):  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Leishmania Infantum ◽  
Early Recognition ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Hepatozoon Canis ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Veterinary Surgeon ◽  
Exotic Pathogens ◽  
The Uk

Abstract Background: Increased dog relocation can cause dissemination of parasite and vector populations and this is being recognised in countries across Northern Europe, including the UK. Data regarding the prevalence of exotic infections entering the UK would be beneficial to vets to help assess pets entering the UK from abroad, and to help calculate risk of establishment of novel pathogens. One such group of dogs were seized as part of an RSPCA-led animal welfare investigation and blood tested for exotic pathogens. Methods: As part of the RSPCA investigation, 151 dogs were removed from the site. Blood tests were performed for Babesia. canis, Ehrlichia canis, Hepatozoon canis and Leishmania infantum by PCR, Br.canis by antibody serology and D.immitis by blood antigen. In addition to pathogen screening, a serology titre for Rabies was measured for each dog. A clinical examination was performed by a veterinary surgeon and clinical signs recorded. Clinical signs data were analysed by the Fisher-Freeman-Halton Exact TestResults: Overall, 24% of the dogs tested positive for an infection. Two dogs were positive for Br.canis antibodies and had no clinical signs indicative of infection. Leishmania infantum was identified in 10.5% of dogs with all but two cases being diagnosed in dogs whose microchip originated in Romania. Hepatozoon canis was identified in 9.6% of dogs, all of which had a Romanian microchip. Dirofilaria immitis was identified in 4.1% of dogs, B.canis in 2.3% of dogs and E.canis was only present in 1.5% of dogs tested. Only four dogs were found to have co-infections. No significant association was found between the pathogens detected and presenting clinical signs. Conclusions: This study demonstrates a range of exotic pathogens entering the UK including Br.canis and demonstrates the importance of screening imported dogs. The emphasis for early recognition of exotic pathogens in imported dogs has relied on screening based on relevant clinical signs and the country of origin. While these factors are useful, this study demonstrated no significant association between presenting clinical signs and the pathogens carried.

scholarly journals Asymptomatic Visceral Leishmania infantum Infection in US Soldiers Deployed to Iraq

2018 ◽  
Vol 68 (12) ◽  
pp. 2036-2044 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rupal M Mody ◽  
Ines Lakhal-Naouar ◽  
Jeffrey E Sherwood ◽  
Nancy L Koles ◽  
Dutchabong Shaw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leishmania Infantum ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Fisher Exact Test ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
White Ethnicity ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Military Healthcare

Abstract Background Visceral leishmaniasis (VL), due to Leishmania infantum, is a persistent intracellular parasitic infection transmitted by the bite of infected sand flies. Symptomatic VL has been reported in U.S. soldiers with Iraq deployment. Untreated symptomatic VL can be fatal; asymptomatic VL (AVL) may establish a lifelong risk of reactivation. We report prevalence and AVL risk factors in Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF) deployers during 2002–11. Methods Healthy soldiers exposed to VL endemic areas in Iraq and 50 controls who never traveled to endemic regions were recruited through military healthcare facilities (2015–17). Responses to a risk factor survey and blood samples were obtained. Leishmania research diagnostics utilized included enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), rk39 test strips, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and interferon gamma release (IGRA) assays. Statistical analyses included Fisher exact test, Pearson χ2 test, Mann-Whitney U test, and logistic regression. Results 200 deployed subjects were enrolled, mostly males (84.0%), of white ethnicity (79.0%), and median age 41 (range 24–61) years. 64% were seropositive for Phlebotomus alexandri saliva antibodies. Prevalence of AVL (any positive test result) was 39/200 (19.5%, 95% confidence interval 14.4%–25.8%). Two (1.0%) PCR, 10 (5%) ELISA, and 28 (14%) IGRA samples were positive. Travel to Ninewa governorate increased risk for AVL (P = .01). Conclusion AVL was identified in 19.5% of OIF deployers; travel to northwest Iraq correlated with infection. Further studies are needed to inform risk for reactivation VL in US veterans and to target additional blood safety and surveillance measures.

STUDYING SOME CLINICAL AND PARACLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF POSMATURE BABIES CARED IN NICU AT HUE UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL

2012 ◽  
pp. 74-84
Author(s):  
Thi Kieu Nhi Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Maternal Characteristics ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Menstrual Cycles ◽  
Term Newborns ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
The Individual

Objectives: 1. Estimating the ratios of clinical and paraclinical signs of post-term newborns hospitalized at Pediatric Department of Hue University Hospital. 2. Identifying the relation between clinical signs and paraclinical signs. Materials and Method: 72 post- term babies < 7 days of life hospitalized at NICU from 2010/5 to 2011/4. Classification of post - term newborn was based on WHO 2003: gestational age ≥ 42 weeks with clinical manifestations: desquamation on press with fingers or natural desquamation, withered or meconial umbilicus, meconial long finger nails (*) or geatational age still < 42 weeks with theses clinical manifestations (*). Data were recorded on a clinical record form. Per-protocol analysis of clinical outcomes was performed by using Medcalc 11.5 and Excell 2007. Analyses used the χ2 test or Fisher's exact test for categorical data; Student's t test was used for continuous data and the Mann-Whitney U test for nonparametric data. Data were presented as means or proportions with 95% CIs. Results: Clinical characteristics: Tachypnea and grasp were main reasons of hospitalisation (48.61%). Poor feeding, vomitting (16.67%). Asphyxia (8.34%). Jawndice (6.94%). Hypothermia < 36.50C (13.89%), fever (13.89%). Tachypnea (59.72%). Bradycardia (1.39%). Poor feeding (11.11%). Hypertonia (9.72%). Paraclinical characteristics: Erythrocytes < 4.5.1012/l (51.39%), Leucocytes 5 – 25.103/mm3 (81.94%), Thrombocytes 100- 400.103/mm3 (94.44%). Hemoglobinemia < 10mg/l (67.61%). Maternal characteristics: Menstrual cycles regular (75%). Primiparity (75%). Amniotic volume average (70.42%), little (29.58%). Aminiotic liquid clair (62.5%), aminiotic liquid yellow (4.17%), aminiotic meconial liquid (33.33%). Maternal manifestation of one of many risk factors consist of genital infection; urinary infection; fever before, during, after 3 days of birth; prolonged delivery; medical diseases influence the foetus (75%). The relation between clinical signs and paraclinical signs: There was significantly statistical difference: between gestationnal age based on obstetrical criteria and amniotic volume on ultrasound (p < 0.05); between birth weight and glucosemia p < 0.02). There was conversional correlation of average level between erythroctes number and respiratory rate (r = - 0.5158; p < 0,0001), concordance correlation of weak level betwwen leucocytes number and respiratory rate r = 0.3045; p = 0.0093). Conclusion: It should made diagnosis of postterm baby based on degree of desquamation. The mother who has menstrual cycles regular is still delivered of a postterm baby. A postterm baby has the individual clinical and paraclinical signs.

Approaches to common conditions of the gastrointestinal tract in pet hamsters

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 20-26
Author(s):  
Vicki Baldrey
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Support ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disease ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Positive Contrast ◽  
Abdominal Ultrasound ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Indications For Surgery ◽  
Pet Trade ◽  
Free Environment ◽  
The Uk

Hamsters are popular pets in the UK. The Syrian or Golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) is the best known species in the pet trade, with a variety of dwarf species also encountered. Gastrointestinal disease occurs frequently, and diarrhoea is a common presenting complaint. This is most often associated with bacterial or parasitic infection, but can also be related to neoplasia or the use of certain antibiotics. Initial stabilisation of the hamster with diarrhoea should include provision of a warm stress-free environment, fluid therapy, nutritional support with an appropriate critical care diet and analgesia. Following a full history and clinical examination, further diagnostic steps include faecal parasitology and microbiology, routine biochemistry and haematology, radiography with or without positive contrast, and abdominal ultrasound. Indications for surgery include evidence of intestinal obstruction or prolapsed intussusception. This article gives an overview of the most common gastrointestinal diseases encountered in hamster species and provides a guide of how to logically approach the investigation and treatment of these cases, achievable in general practice.

scholarly journals Application of YOLOv4 for Detection and Motion Monitoring of Red Foxes

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1723
Author(s):  
Anne K. Schütz ◽  
Verena Schöler  ◽  
E. Tobias Krause  ◽  
Mareike Fischer  ◽  
Thomas Müller  ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Early Recognition ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Automatic Detection ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Video Data ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Red Foxes ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Animal Activity

Animal activity is an indicator for its welfare and manual observation is time and cost intensive. To this end, automatic detection and monitoring of live captive animals is of major importance for assessing animal activity, and, thereby, allowing for early recognition of changes indicative for diseases and animal welfare issues. We demonstrate that machine learning methods can provide a gap-less monitoring of red foxes in an experimental lab-setting, including a classification into activity patterns. Therefore, bounding boxes are used to measure fox movements, and, thus, the activity level of the animals. We use computer vision, being a non-invasive method for the automatic monitoring of foxes. More specifically, we train the existing algorithm ‘you only look once’ version 4 (YOLOv4) to detect foxes, and the trained classifier is applied to video data of an experiment involving foxes. As we show, computer evaluation outperforms other evaluation methods. Application of automatic detection of foxes can be used for detecting different movement patterns. These, in turn, can be used for animal behavioral analysis and, thus, animal welfare monitoring. Once established for a specific animal species, such systems could be used for animal monitoring in real-time under experimental conditions, or other areas of animal husbandry.

Correlations between tissue parasite load and common clinical signs in dogs naturally infected by Leishmania infantum

2021 ◽  
Vol 291 ◽  
pp. 109368
Author(s):  
Úrsula Maira Russo Chagas ◽  
Daniel Moreira de Avelar ◽  
Andreza Pain Marcelino ◽  
Gustavo Fontes Paz ◽  
Célia Maria Ferreira Gontijo
Keyword(s):  
Leishmania Infantum ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Parasite Load

Pheromones and 25 years of pheromonotherapy: what are they and how do they work?

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 116-122
Author(s):  
Claire Hargrave
Keyword(s):  
Veterinary Medicine ◽  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Companion Animals ◽  
Individual Member ◽  
Insect Pheromones ◽  
Synthetic Analogues ◽  
Insect Infestations ◽  
Veterinary Surgeon

The capacity of animals to communicate via pheromones is long established and, for generations, pheromones have been unwittingly used by man to manage the behaviour of animals in agriculture — using the chemicals produced by an individual member of a species to alter the behaviour of another member of that species. More recently, insect pheromones have been used in managing insect infestations of crops. However, approximately 25 years ago the French veterinary surgeon, Patrick Pageat, began to investigate the production of pheromones in both farm and companion animals and how synthetic analogues of pheromones could be used to improve animal welfare, creating a new field in veterinary medicine — pheromonotherapy. This article aims to summarise the main developments in pheromonotherapy over the last 25 years.

Some skin conditions in pigs: types, control and prevention

Livestock ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 300-308
Author(s):  
John Carr ◽  
Mark Howells ◽  
William Hersey
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Plan ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
African Swine Fever ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Veterinary Surgeons ◽  
Careful Clinical Examination ◽  
Welfare Problem ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Veterinary Surgeon ◽  
Skin Conditions

Skin conditions in pigs are common problems presented to the veterinary surgeon. A careful clinical examination, especially considering the age of the pig and the distribution of the lesions, all aids making an accurate diagnosis and treatment plan. Pain management is essential in clinical management. Sarcoptic mange is a condition that can be eliminated from pigs and should be considered a welfare problem. Ear necrosis and trauma injuries can be particularly problematic and must be treated aggressively. African swine fever (ASF) presents with a range of clinical signs including skin lesions, and all veterinary surgeons must be able to put ASF as a differential where appropriate.

scholarly journals Brexit and Animal Protection: Legal and Political Context and a Framework to Assess Impacts on Animal Welfare

Animals ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven McCulloch
Keyword(s):  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Agricultural Policy ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Conservative Party ◽  
Political Support ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Substantial Impact ◽  
Animal Protection ◽  
Protection Policy ◽  
The Uk

The British people voted to leave the European Union (EU) in a 2016 referendum. The United Kingdom (UK) has been a member of the EU since the Maastricht Treaty was signed in 1993 and before that a member of the European Communities (EC) since 1973. EU animal health and welfare regulations and directives have had a major impact on UK animal protection policy. Similarly, the UK has had a substantial impact on EU animal protection. Brexit represents a substantial political upheaval for animal protection policy, with the potential to impact animal welfare in the UK, EU and internationally. Brexit’s impact on farmed animals will determine the overall impact of Brexit on animals. A major threat to animal welfare is from importing lower welfare products. A major opportunity is reform of UK agricultural policy to reward high welfare outside the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP). A soft Brexit, in which the UK remains in the single market and/or customs union, mitigates the threat of importing lower welfare products. A harder Brexit means threats to animal welfare are more likely to materialise. Whether threats and opportunities do materialise will depend on political considerations including decisions of key political actors. The Conservative Government delivering Brexit has a problematic relationship with animal protection. Furthermore, Brexit represents a shift to the political right, which is not associated with progressive animal protection. There is significant political support in the Conservative Party for a hard Brexit. Further research is required to investigate whether the various threats and opportunities are likely to materialise.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Parasitic Infections and Assessment of Deworming Program among Cattle and Buffaloes in Gampaha District, Sri Lanka

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nayana Gunathilaka ◽  
Dimuthu Niroshana ◽  
Deepika Amarasinghe ◽  
Lahiru Udayanga
Keyword(s):  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Parasite Prevalence ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Infection Prevalence ◽  
Digenetic Trematodes ◽  
Linear Modelling ◽  
Cattle Management ◽  
Veterinary Surgeon ◽  
Effect Of Treatment ◽  
The Difference

Gastrointestinal (GI) parasitic infection is a serious issue in cattle management. The effects of GI parasites may vary with age, sex of cattle, nutritional condition, and severity of infection. Prevalence of GI parasites among cattle population in Gampaha District has not been studied and there is no published study available. A total of 45 farms rearing cattle were selected randomly in three areas, namely, Kelaniya, Ganemulla, and Welisara, under three Veterinary Surgeon Divisions (VSD) in Gampaha District (Mahara, Gampaha, and Welisara). Freshly voided cattle fecal samples were collected randomly from the selected farms during March 2017–December 2017. Out of 163 cattle and buffaloes examined, 13.39% (n=22) were positive for eggs of one or more species of GI parasites. The prevalence of parasitic infection was higher in buffaloes (31.25%, 5/16) as compared to that of cows (11.56%, 21/147), but the difference was not significant (P >0.05). Hookworms (Bunostomum spp.), whipworms (Trichuris spp.), digenetic trematodes (Paramphistomum spp.), cestodes (Moniezia spp.), and oocysts of protozoans (coccidians) were found during the study. The nontreated animals indicated the highest percentage of parasitic infections accounting for 46.67% (n= 14), followed by partially treated individuals (15.15%, n= 5). GI parasite prevalence in males was higher when compared to that of females, but the difference was nonsignificant (P >0.05). General Linear Modelling (GLM) revealed that the effect of treatment status was significantly associated with the prevalence of GI parasites. The calves and yearlings had the highest rate of GI parasitic infections. The highest infection rate was observed at Kelaniya, followed by Welisara. Future investigations are necessary to evaluate the economic impact of GI parasites in the study areas.

The Costs of Production in Systems Which Differ in Their Perceived Effects on Animal Welfare. 1. Eggs and Broilers

1997 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 165-171
Author(s):  
John Hill ◽  
Carol Asby ◽  
Ian Sturgess
Keyword(s):  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Free Range ◽  
Broiler Production ◽  
Perceived Effects ◽  
Costs Of Production ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Equipment Costs

This paper considers what animal welfare is and the importance of animal welfare to the consumer. It also considers how different production systems are perceived in terms of kindness to animals, and outlines a method of assessing the costs of animal welfare by analysing the costs of intensive egg and broiler production and comparing them with costs of free-range production by using data from the UK. The extra costs associated with free-range production are due to higher labour, feed, building and equipment costs.

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