scholarly journals Associations of maternal plasma and infant umbilical cord blood plasma metabolomics profiles with anthropometric measures at birth: a prospective cohort study.

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dabin Yeum ◽  
Diane Gilbert-Diamond ◽  
Brett Doherty ◽  
Modupe Coker ◽  
Delisha Stewart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Maternal Plasma ◽  
Blood Metabolites ◽  
Plasma Samples ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Negatively Associated ◽  
Z Scores

Abstract BackgroundThe metabolomics profiles of maternal plasma during pregnancy and cord plasma at birth might influence fetal growth and birth anthropometry. The objectives of this study are to examine how metabolites measured in maternal plasma samples collected during pregnancy and umbilical cord plasma samples collected at birth are associated with newborn anthropometric measures, a known predictor of future health outcomes.MethodsPregnant women between 24 and 28 weeks of gestation were recruited from prenatal clinics in New Hampshire as part of a prospective cohort study. Blood samples from 413 women at enrollment and 787 infant cord blood samples were analyzed using the Biocrates AbsoluteIDQ® p180 kit . Multivariable linear regression models were used to examine association of cord and maternal metabolites with infant anthropometry at birth.ResultsIn cord blood samples, several acylcarnitines, a phosphatidylcholine, and a custom metabolite indicator were negatively associated with birth weight Z-score, and lysophosphatidylcholines as well as three custom metabolite indicators were positively associated with birth weight Z-score. Acylcarnitine C5 was negatively associated with birth length Z-score, and several lysophosphatidylcholines and a custom metabolite indicator were positively associated with birth length Z-score. Maternal blood metabolites did not show significant associations with birth weight and length Z scores, however, a custom metabolite indicator, the ratio of kynurenine over tryptophan, was negatively associated with weight-for-length Z-score.ConclusionsSeveral cord blood metabolites associated with newborn weight and length Z-scores; in particular, consistent findings were observed for several acylcarnitines that play a role in utilization of energy sources, and a lysophosphatidylcholine that is part of oxidative stress and inflammatory response pathways. Fewer associations were observed with maternal metabolomic profiles.

scholarly journals Longitudinal Maternal Vitamin D Status during Pregnancy Is Associated with Neonatal Anthropometric Measures

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1631 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen Francis ◽  
Stefanie Hinkle ◽  
Yiqing Song ◽  
Shristi Rawal ◽  
Sarah Donnelly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Prepregnancy Bmi ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
Gestational Week ◽  
25 Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Lower Birthweight

Findings on maternal 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) and neonatal anthropometry are inconsistent, and may at least be partly due to variations in gestational week (GW) of 25(OH)D measurement and the lack of longitudinal 25(OH)D measurements across gestation. The aim of the current study was to examine the associations of longitudinal measures of maternal 25(OH)D and neonatal anthropometry at birth. This study included 321 mother–offspring pairs enrolled in the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Fetal Growth Studies–Singletons. This study was a prospective cohort design without supplementation and without data on dietary supplementation. Nevertheless, measurement of plasma 25(OH)D reflects vitamin D from different sources, including supplementation. Maternal concentrations of total 25(OH)D were measured at 10–14, 15–26, 23–31, and 33–39 GW and categorized as <50 nmol/L, 50–75 nmol/L, and >75 nmol/L. Generalized linear models were used to examine associations of 25(OH)D at each time-point with neonate birthweight z-score, length, and sum of skinfolds at birth. At 10–14 GW, 16.8% and 49.2% of women had 25(OH)D <50 nmol/L and between 50–75 nmol/L, respectively. The association of maternal 25(OH)D with neonatal anthropometry differed by GW and women’s prepregnancy BMI (normal (<25.0 kg/m2), overweight/obese (25.0–44.9 kg/m2)). All analyses were stratified by prepregnancy BMI status. Among women with an overweight/obese BMI, 25(OH)D <50 nmol/L at 10–14 GW was associated with lower birthweight z-score (0.56; 95% CI: −0.99, −0.13) and length (−1.56 cm; 95% CI: −3.07, −0.06), and at 23–31 GW was associated with shorter length (−2.77 cm; 95% CI: −13.38, −4.98) and lower sum of skinfolds (−9.18 mm; 95% CI: −13.38, −4.98). Among women with a normal BMI, 25(OH)D <50 nmol/L at 10–14 GW was associated with lower sum of skinfolds (−2.64 mm; 95% CI: −5.03, −0.24), at 23–31 GW was associated with larger birthweight z-scores (0.64; 95% CI: 0.03, 1.25), and at 33-39 GW with both higher birthweight z-score (1.22; 95% CI: 0.71, 1.73) and longer length (1.94 cm; 95% CI: 0.37, 3.52). Maternal 25(OH)D status during pregnancy was associated with neonatal anthropometric measures, and the associations were specific to GW of 25(OH)D measurement and prepregnancy BMI.

scholarly journals Cord Malaria Infection, Complement Activation, Oxidative Stress, Gestational Age, and Birth Weight, Characterized by High Plasmodium falciparum Prevalence in Bamenda, Cameroon

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Oumar Mahamat ◽  
Kidio Gisele Ndum ◽  
Sumo Laurentine ◽  
Ntonifor Ngum Helen
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Weak Negative Correlation ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Background. It is unknown whether the presence of Plasmodium falciparum malaria parasites in umbilical cord blood denotes activation of complement and oxidative stress to affect the duration of pregnancy and birth weight. Methods. In a cross-sectional study conducted from January to April 2019 in Bamenda, Cameroon, cord blood samples were collected from 300 women at delivery. Parasitaemia was determined microscopically. Babies’ weight and age of gestation were recorded. Plasma levels of complement and oxidative stress were measured by specific tests. Results. Cord blood malaria prevalence was 21.33%. Babies with an infected cord showed a low birth weight and gestation age than those with uninfected cords. More babies with infected cords had LBW (6.25%) compared to the counterparts (5.50%). The levels of parasitaemia and the babies’ weight showed a weak positive correlation. The prevalence of preterm and postterm birth was 4.33% and 24.33% respectively, with a weak negative correlation between the age of gestation and the umbilical cord parasitaemia. There was correlation between cord parasitaemia and levels of complement haemolytic activity titter (CH50) and specific classical pathway activity (CPA) in cord blood. CH50 and CPA levels, however, were significantly higher in infected cord blood samples, compared with uninfected cord blood samples. CH50 showed a negative correlation with the birth weight and gestational age in infected cord blood samples. The levels of total oxidative stress (TOS) and total antioxidant defense were significantly lower in infected cord blood than uninfected. TOS displayed a positive correlation with the density of parasitaemia and a weak negative correlation with the birth weight and gestational age in infected cord blood. Conclusion. Cord blood infection lowers the complement haemolytic titter, oxygen radicals and total antioxidant defense in neonates. This lowering of complement haemolytic titter and oxygen radical compounds in umbilical cord malaria are associated with low birth weight and preterm birth.

Circulating levels of GH-releasing hormone and GH during human pregnancy

1990 ◽  
Vol 125 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Mazlan ◽  
C. Spence-Jones ◽  
T. Chard ◽  
J. Landon ◽  
C. McLean
Keyword(s):  
Cord Blood ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Maternal Plasma ◽  
Placental Lactogen ◽  
Immunoradiometric Assay ◽  
Plasma Samples ◽  
Releasing Hormone ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Circulating Levels

ABSTRACT To study the potential role of GH-releasing hormone (GHRH) in maintaining circulating levels of GH during pregnancy, 302 maternal plasma samples were collected from non-fasted subjects at various stages of pregnancy and assayed for GHRH using a 'two-site' immunoradiometric assay. The GH and placental lactogen levels were also determined. In addition, maternal plasma samples taken during labour, amniotic fluid and cord blood were also assayed for these hormones. Maternal plasma GHRH levels were similar to non-pregnant levels throughout gestation despite fluctuations in GH values which were always higher than non-pregnant levels. There was no significant difference between GHRH levels in maternal plasma and cord blood although high GH levels were observed in the latter. These findings suggest that peripheral GHRH levels do not play an important role in maintaining circulating GH levels during pregnancy. Journal of Endocrinology (1990) 125, 161–167

Plasma corticotropin-releasing hormone, β-endorphin and cortisol inter-relationships during human pregnancy

1993 ◽  
Vol 128 (4) ◽  
pp. 339-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eng-Cheng Chan ◽  
Roger Smith ◽  
Terry Lewin ◽  
Max W Brinsmead ◽  
Hong-Ping Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cord Blood ◽  
Maternal Plasma ◽  
Corticotropin Releasing Hormone ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Releasing Hormone ◽  
Human Pregnancy ◽  
The Third ◽  
Dynamic Relationships

To investigate the dynamic relationships among corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), β-endorphin (βEP), cortisol and obstetric events during pregnancy, blood samples were collected from 193 women at 28 weeks, 38 weeks, during labour and on the second postnatal day. Cord blood at delivery was also obtained. We found that: (1) Maternal plasma CRH, βEP and cortisol rose from 28 to 38 weeks. (2) During the third trimester maternal plasma CRH and βEP were correlated (r=0.30, p<0.001). (3) During labour, no correlations were found among maternal plasma CRH, βEP and cortisol. (4) Maternal CRH at labour and the duration of labour were not correlated. (5) Maternal plasma CRH tended to be higher in women who delivered early (more than seven days prior to estimated date of confinement [EDC]) relative to those who were on time (within seven days' EDC) or late (greater than seven days after EDC). (6) CRH in maternal plasma at labour and cord blood were correlated (r = 0.29, p<0.05) as were maternal and fetal βEP (r=0.43, p<0.001). (7) Fetal obstetric difficulty was correlated with fetal βEP (r=0.54, p<0.001). Our findings support the hypothesis that maternal plasma CRH regulates maternal βEP during the third trimester, but other factors are involved during labour and in response to maternal obstetric stress.

scholarly journals Iron stores at birth in a full-term normal birth weight birth cohort with a low level of inflammation

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joy Y. Zhang ◽  
Jing Wang ◽  
Qinsheng Lu ◽  
Meizhen Tan ◽  
Ru Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Serum Ferritin ◽  
Umbilical Cord Blood ◽  
Normal Birth Weight ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Iron Stores ◽  
Normal Birth

Abstract Iron stores at birth are essential to meet iron needs during the first 4–6 months of life. The present study aimed to investigate iron stores in normal birth weight, healthy, term neonates. Umbilical cord blood samples were collected from apparently normal singleton vaginal deliveries (n=854). Subjects were screened and excluded if C-reactive protein (CRP) &gt; 5 mg/l or α1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) &gt; 1 g/l, preterm (&lt;37 complete weeks), term &lt; 2500g or term &gt; 4000g. In total, 762 samples were included in the study. Serum ferritin, soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR), hepcidin, and erythropoietin (EPO) were measured in umbilical cord blood samples; total body iron (TBI) (mg/kg) was calculated using sTfR and ferritin concentrations. A total of 19.8% newborns were iron deficient (ferritin 35 μg/l) and an additional 46.6% had insufficient iron stores (ferritin &lt; 76 μg/l). There was a positive association between serum ferritin and sTfR, hepcidin, and EPO. Gestational age was positively associated with ferritin, sTfR, EPO, and hepcidin. In conclusion, we demonstrate a high prevalence of insufficient iron stores in a Chinese birth cohort. The value of cord sTfR and TBI in the assessment of iron status in the newborn is questionable, and reference ranges need to be established.

P122 SEX DIFFERENCES IN STATURAL GROWTH IMPAIRMENT IN PEDIATRIC CROHN’S DISEASE: EARLY FINDINGS FROM THE GROWTH STUDY

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S45-S46
Author(s):  
Neera Gupta ◽  
Robert Lustig ◽  
Howard Andrews ◽  
Francisco Sylvester ◽  
David Keljo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Sex Difference ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Growth Study ◽  
Negatively Associated ◽  
Hormone Levels ◽  
Growth Impairment ◽  
Score Difference ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background Statural growth impairment is both a marker and complication of poorly controlled Crohn’s disease (CD), and occurs more commonly in males than females. The specific molecular mechanisms responsible for this sex difference in growth impairment in CD remain poorly characterized. Methods We are conducting a prospective multicenter longitudinal study (Growth Study) examining sex differences in statural growth impairment in school-age children with CD with growth potential based on bone age (BA) [females (BA 4 yrs, 2 mos to 12 years, 0 months) and males (BA 5 years, 0 months to 14 yrs, 0 mos)]. We have enrolled 118 (65% male) patients. Variable Z scores calculated based on BA are denoted as Variable BA-Z scores; those calculated based on chronological age (CA) are denoted as Variable CA-Z scores. Height Z score difference was calculated as Height CA-Z score minus Height BA-Z score. We analyzed the concentration of selected cytokines in serum in 54 patients (56% male), using a V-Plex kit (Meso Scale Discovery, Rockville, MD). Serum hormone levels were analyzed at Esoterix Endocrinology (Calabasas Hills, CA). We used t-test and Chi-squared test to examine the sex difference for continuous variables and categorical variables respectively. We assessed the association between cytokines and hormones via linear regression. Results The mean height Z score difference was -0.4 ± 1.0 (SD) [range: -3.9 to 2.0] in males and -1.1 ± 1.1 [-3.9 to 0.9] in females (Figure). The absolute value of the mean height Z score difference was significantly lower in males (P= 0.021). The mean BA Z score was (0.0 ± .04 [-0.7 to 0.9]) in males and (0.0 ± 0.2 [-0.4 to 0.5]) in females (P= 0.952). Race/ethnicity [76% White], Tanner stage [63% pre/early puberty; 37% mid/late puberty], mean disease duration [2.3 ± 1.9 (SD) (range: 0.1 to 8.3) years], medication use [65% infliximab; 39% methotrexate; 13% azathioprine/6-mercaptopurine; 9% adalimumab], and mean disease activity indices (indicated remission) did not differ by sex (P= NS for all). TNF-α, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-12 were significantly negatively associated with hormones important in growth in males, while IL-13 was significantly negatively associated with hormones important in growth in females (Table). Conclusions Statural growth remains compromised in males compared with females in a novel contemporary cohort of children with CD. Our early data suggest that the higher frequency of growth impairment in males appears to be due to less standardized height gain with skeletal maturation, rather than advanced BA progression. BA does not appear to be significantly delayed in this cohort. Furthermore, our preliminary data suggest that systemic inflammation exerts a greater negative impact on hormone levels important in growth in males, and that different molecular pathways lead to growth impairment in males versus females. We are further investigating these preliminary findings in the ongoing prospective multicenter longitudinal Growth Study.

Intrauterine growth restriction affects z-scores of anthropometric parameters during the first 6 years in very low-birth-weight-children born at less than 30 weeks of gestation

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-48
Author(s):  
Hiromichi Shoji ◽  
Akiko Watanabe ◽  
Atsuko Awaji ◽  
Naho Ikeda ◽  
Mariko Hosozawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽  
Very Low Birth Weight ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
Z Scores

AbstractObjective:Little is known about physical constitution outcomes for very preterm infants. Here, we compare z-scores of anthropometric parameters up to 6 years of age in children born with very low birth weight (VLBW) at less than 30 weeks of gestation, with or without intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR).Design:Participants were divided into four subgroups: male (M), small for gestational age (SGA) (n = 30); M, appropriate for gestational age (AGA) (n = 59); female (F), SGA (n = 24); and F, AGA (n = 61). z-Scores of body weight (BW), body length (BL), and body mass index (BMI) were assessed at birth, 1 year corrected age, 3 years of age, and 6 years of age.Results:For boys, BW and BMI were significantly lower among SGA children than among AGA children at all assessments, but there was no difference in BL at 3 or 6 years. For girls, BW and BL were significantly lower among SGA children than among AGA children at all assessments, but no difference was detected in BMI after 1.5 years. No significant variation in the z-score of BW or BMI in either SGA group was observed after 1 year. BL z-score in all groups gradually increased until 6 years of age.Conclusion:IUGR affects BW and BMI in boys and BW and BL in girls during the first 6 years in VLBW children born at less than 30 weeks of gestation. SGA children did not catch up in BW or BMI from 1 to 6 years of age.

scholarly journals The effect of paternal methyl-group donor intake on offspring DNA methylation and birth weight

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Pauwels ◽  
I. Truijen ◽  
M. Ghosh ◽  
R. C. Duca ◽  
S. A. S. Langie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Methylation Status ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Dna Hydroxymethylation ◽  
Methyl Group ◽  
Nutritional Studies

Most nutritional studies on the development of children focus on mother–infant interactions. Maternal nutrition is critically involved in the growth and development of the fetus, but what about the father? The aim is to investigate the effects of paternal methyl-group donor intake (methionine, folate, betaine, choline) on paternal and offspring global DNA (hydroxy)methylation, offspringIGF2DMR DNA methylation, and birth weight. Questionnaires, 7-day estimated dietary records, whole blood samples, and anthropometric measurements from 74 fathers were obtained. A total of 51 cord blood samples were collected and birth weight was obtained. DNA methylation status was measured using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (global DNA (hydroxy)methylation) and pyrosequencing (IGF2DMR methylation). Paternal betaine intake was positively associated with paternal global DNA hydroxymethylation (0.028% per 100 mg betaine increase, 95% CI: 0.003, 0.053,P=0.03) and cord blood global DNA methylation (0.679% per 100 mg betaine increase, 95% CI: 0.057, 1.302,P=0.03). Paternal methionine intake was positively associated with CpG1 (0.336% per 100 mg methionine increase, 95% CI: 0.103, 0.569,P=0.006), and mean CpG (0.201% per 100 mg methionine increase, 95% CI: 0.001, 0.402,P=0.049) methylation of theIGF2DMR in cord blood. Further, a negative association between birth weight/birth weight-for-gestational agez-score and paternal betaine/methionine intake was found. In addition, a positive association between choline and birth weight/birth weight-for-gestational agez-score was also observed. Our data indicate a potential impact of paternal methyl-group donor intake on paternal global DNA hydroxymethylation, offspring global andIGF2DMR DNA methylation, and prenatal growth.

scholarly journals Prenatal Bisphenol a Exposure, DNA Methylation, and Low Birth Weight: A Pilot Study in Taiwan

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 6144
Author(s):  
Yu-Fang Huang ◽  
Chia-Huang Chang ◽  
Pei-Jung Chen ◽  
I-Hsuan Lin ◽  
Yen-An Tsai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Bisphenol A ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Developmental Disorders ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
System Development ◽  
Maternal Blood ◽  
Blood Samples

Prenatal exposure to bisphenol A (BPA) may increase the risk of abnormal birth outcomes, and DNA methylation might mediate these adverse effects. This study aimed to investigate the effects of maternal BPA exposure on maternal and fetal DNA methylation levels and explore whether epigenetic changes are related to the associations between BPA and low birth weight. We collected urine and blood samples originating from 162 mother-infant pairs in a Taiwanese cohort study. We measured DNA methylation using the Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation 450 BeadChip in 34 maternal blood samples with high and low BPA levels based on the 75th percentile level (9.5 μg/g creatinine). Eighty-seven CpGs with the most differentially methylated probes possibly interacting with BPA exposure or birth weight were selected using two multiple regression models. Ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) was utilized to narrow down 18 candidate CpGs related to disease categories, including developmental disorders, skeletal and muscular disorders, skeletal and muscular system development, metabolic diseases, and lipid metabolism. We then validated these genes by pyrosequencing, and 8 CpGs met the primer design score requirements in 82 cord blood samples. The associations among low birth weight, BPA exposure, and DNA methylation were analyzed. Exposure to BPA was associated with low birth weight. Analysis of the epigenome-wide findings did not show significant associations between BPA and DNA methylation in cord blood of the 8 CpGs. However, the adjusted odds ratio for the dehydrogenase/reductase member 9 (DHRS9) gene, at the 2nd CG site, in the hypermethylated group was significantly associated with low birth weight. These results support a role of BPA, and possibly DHRS9 methylation, in fetal growth. However, additional studies with larger sample sizes are warranted.

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