scholarly journals Improving the Effects of Salt Stress by β -carotene and Gallic Acid Using Increasing Antioxidant Activity and Regulating Ion Uptake in Lepidium Sativum L.

Author(s):  
Marziyeh Babaei ◽  
Leila Shabani ◽  
shahla hashemi shahraki

Abstract Background: Plant growth, physiological and biochemical processes are severely affected by soil salinity. In the present study, toward investigating the interaction of antioxidants and salt stress in Lepidium sativum seedlings, two antioxidants (β-carotene and gallic acid) were sprayed on the plants. Results: The findings revealed that total dry and fresh weight were adversely affected by 25 mM NaCl salinity stress. Moreover, K+ content decreased while Na+ content increased significantly. The application of β-carotene and gallic acid significantly improved tolerance to salt stress by regulating ion uptake, reducing H2O2 and malondialdehyde (MDA) content, as well as increasing enzymatic antioxidant activity and phenolic, glutathione, and chlorophyll content. Conclusions: Our findings are indicative of β-carotene and gallic acid in the induction of salt tolerance in economically important crops.

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 642-654
Author(s):  
Wassila Benchadi ◽  
Hamada Haba ◽  
Emerson Ferreira Queiroz ◽  
Laurence Marcourt ◽  
Jean-Luc Wolfender ◽  
...  

Objective: The aim of the present study is to examine the phytochemical components and the biological activities of the whole parts of Onobrychis crista-galli (L.) Lam. growing in Algeria. Methods: The structures of the isolated compounds 1-15 were elucidated using different spectroscopic methods and by comparison with literature data. The biological evaluation of the plant was determined by the in vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. The antioxidant activity of various extracts (petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol) and some isolated flavonoids was assessed by using five different test systems, namely, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazil (DPPH), 2,2’- azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS), cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC), superoxide alkaline DMSO, and β-carotene/linoleic acid tests. In addition, the total phenolic and flavonoid contents of the extracts were determined as gallic acid and quercetin equivalents, respectively. In vitro anti-inflammatory activity by protein denaturation was measured for all extracts. Results: Phytochemical investigation of the ethyl acetate and n-butanol extracts of Onobrychis crista- galli led to the isolation for the first time of fifteen known compounds. The present study reports for the first time the isolation and identification of fifteen known compounds from this species. The ethyl acetate extract had rich phenolic content indicating (31.09 ± 0.40 mg gallic acid equivalents/g of fresh weight), while n-butanol extract displayed a high content in flavonoid compounds (60.70±0.7 mg quercetin equivalents/ g of fresh weight). This investigation indicated that the ethyl acetate extract of O. crista-galli showed the highest antioxidant activity (IC50= 17.13±0.51 μg/mL, DPPH), (IC50= 82.99±2.50 μg/mL, ABTS), and (A0.50= 94.67±0.41 μg/mL, CUPRAC), (IC50= 97.09±2.20 μg/mL, DMSO), (IC50: 36.73±1.17 μg/mL, β-carotene/linoleic acid). Furthermore, the compound luteolin 5-methyl ether (14) exhibited a good antioxidant activity in DPPH (IC50= 06.05 ± 0.15 μg /mL) and CUPRAC (A0.5= 12.57 ± 0.34 μg /mL) assays. Moreover, the ethyl acetate and nbutanol extracts of O. crista-galli evidenced a good to moderate in vitro anti-inflammatory activity. Conclusion: The extracts of the whole plant of O. crista-galli (L.) Lam. showed potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.


2019 ◽  
pp. 169-176
Author(s):  
Yevgeniy Vladimirovich Koltunov

Stem rot cause significant ecological and economic damage to forests. Affected stands are prone to windbreaks and windfalls. Value of wood and stability of stands are reduced. Despite intensive studies of resistance biochemical aspects to rotting diseases, role of phenolic compounds remains insufficiently clarified. The purpose of research was studying composition of phenolic compounds in birch leaves with a significant level of damage to the diameter of the trunk. Stem rot was determined by taking core from trunk. Biochemical composition of leaves determined by HPLC. There are 64 phenolic compounds was revealed. 24 factions identified, 45.83% of compounds in affected trees, content was increased. Flavonoids are prevail (63.64%). In 45.83% of compounds, content decreased. They had predominance of flavonoids (81.82%). All compounds possess antioxidant activity. They contain phenolglycosides, determining entomoresistance (arbutin, salicin, salidroside). The results showed that with significant infestation with rot, there is an increase in the content of phenolic compounds in the leaves, therefore, the biochemical processes of combating oxidative stress are activated. This is due to violation of physiological and biochemical processes in diseased trees.


2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-82
Author(s):  
S. Adjdir ◽  
N. Benariba ◽  
H. Laoufi ◽  
R. Djaziri

The aim of this study is to evaluate the antioxidant activity of dried fruit extracts of Zizyphus jujubaMill. Polyphenols and flavonoids content determined in aqueous extract (aq), hydromethanolic (EM), hydroacetonic (EA) extracts, and their ethyl acetate (Acet) andn-butanol (n-but) fractions reveal variable rates; 42.84–94.70 mg gallic acid equivalent per g extract and 47.02–427.33 mg catechin equivalent per g extract. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by different assays using total antioxidant capacity, 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), β-carotene bleaching assay, and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). In DPPH assay, all extracts showed an interesting scavenging effect, an estimated reduction rate about 75.58–97.71% was determined with the IC50(the half maximal inhibitory concentration) values ranging from 12 to 503.6 μg/ml. In β-carotene bleaching assay, 500 μg/ml of each extract showed a large inhibition (51.14–85.01%) with IC50values ranging from 48 to 462 μg/ml compared to butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), and tannic acid 0.6, 2.00, and 461 μg/ml, respectively. The results of FRAP show that the crude extracts (aq ˃ EM ˃ EA) are less efficient than their fractions (Acet/aq˃ Acet/EA˃n-but/EA) which demonstrate an important activity. Concerning total antioxidant capacity essay (TAC), the highest capacity was noticed for Acet/aq (71.98 μg gallic acid equivalents [GAE]/mg extract) and Acet/EA extract (64.62 μg GAE/mg of extract). The antioxidant activity of dried fruit extracts ofZ. jujubais mainly related to its polyphenol content essentially on flavonoids, which qualifies this species as a source of natural antioxidant.


Author(s):  
Rajasekaran R. ◽  
Suresh P. K.

Identification and isolation of active principles from Lepidium sativum L. garden cress seeds and their chemical/biological characterization would aid in drug development (templates for synthesizing derivatives or as a value-added product). Initially, this study dealt with the phytochemical, qualitative and quantitative analysis for phenolic and flavonoid compounds. Subsequently, different physical and chemical extraction techniques -Simple Crude extraction (CRU), Ultra Sonication-Assisted Extraction (UAE), Microwave-Assisted Extraction (MAE) and classical Soxhlet extraction were adopted to select the best Lepidium sativum L. seed extract based on their activity in certain classical, in vitro antioxidant assay systems. The selected best extract was further analyzed for characterization using UPLC, GC-MS. CRU MeOH extracts showed a higher Total phenolic content of 4464.1±349.7mg GAE/100g. The UAE method showed a higher total flavonoid content of 1520.6±182.2mg QUE/100g. CRU-MeOH showed good antioxidant activity based on the free radical scavenging DPPH assay (IC50: 50.61µg/mL). A 100µg/mL concentration of CRU-MeOH was found to be 217.82±12.82 FRAP value. At 400 µg/mL, the NO scavenging assay was reported to be 62.11±4.84%. The present study indicates that extracts from the polar solvents shows better antioxidant scavenging potential than that of the non-polar extracts. Based on the relatively superior performance of the CRU-MeOH extract, UPLC-PDA data was generated. The validity of our chromatography conditions was shown by the presence of quercetin at a retention time 8.555 (validated by our internal standard), apart from the presence of this important bioactive molecule in our extract. As another strand of evidence for the presence of important bioactive molecules, p-coumaric acid, and ferulic acid were also present in our extracts, following correlation of their UPLC-PDA data with published findings. Also, GC-MS analysis of the CRU MeOH extract showed that 24 compounds (8 major and 16 minor peaks). One of the compounds detected (cis-vaccenic acid) is in consonance with published data. The presence of bioactive components, with known antioxidant and cell death potential, validates our experimental flow for the development and/or refinement of crude extract-based drugs. However, the variability perforce warrants an inter-laboratory harmonization of protocols for making meaningful comparisons.


2014 ◽  
Vol 1051 ◽  
pp. 368-372
Author(s):  
Fa Hui Liang ◽  
Jing Hui Yang ◽  
Yan Jun Liu ◽  
Yan Yu Shi ◽  
Chun Xia Wu ◽  
...  

In order to provide a theoretical basis for the development of the sweet cherry under the greenhouse environment in Tianjin area, the black cherry and the Sichuan cherry planted in greenhouses in north China were used to study the physiological and biochemical index under the different salt stress treatments (0, 0.2%, 0.4% and 0.6% ).The result showed that MDA content of Cerasus szechuanica was higher under salt stress; SOD activity of Cerasus szechuanica was almost the same to Cerasus maximowiczii (except under 0.6%Nacl); POD activity of Cerasus maximowiczii was higher under 0.4-0.6%Nacl concentration but lower under 0-0.2%; PRO content of Cerasus maximowiczii was higher under each salt stress but chlorophyll b content of Cerasus maximowiczii was lower under each salt stress.


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