scholarly journals The Role of Social Capital on Covid-19 Deaths

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janaki Imbulana Arachchi ◽  
Shunsuke Managi
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Social Trust ◽  
Aging Population ◽  
Community Attachment ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
Related Data ◽  
Hospital Beds ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background: Covid-19 pandemic shows a continuously increasing trend with a huge variation in the number of Covid-19 deaths across countries. In response, many countries have implemented non-pharmaceutical methods of intervention such as social distancing and lockdowns. This study aims to investigate the relationship between the four dimensions of social capital (community attachment, social trust, family bond, and security) with several control variables of Covid-19 deaths. Methods: We retrieved data from open access databases and our survey data. Covid-19 deaths related data were collected from the website “Center for Systems Science and Engineering (CSSE) at Johns Hopkins University”. Social capital related data was collected from a large-scale survey of 100,956 respondents across 37 countries that including web-based and face-to-face surveys covering all regions/provinces/states of 37 countries in 2017. Data regarding population density, hospital beds numbers, and population age 65 or older, was retrieved from the World Development Indicators (WDI). Data on country lockdown was obtained from the website “National responses to the 2019-20 coronavirus pandemic”. Linear regressions were applied to identify the relationship between social capital and Covid-19 deaths. Results: We found that Covid-19 deaths are associated with social capital both positively and negatively. Community attachment and social trust were associated with more Covid-19 deaths and family bond and security were associated with less deaths. Covid-19 deaths were positively associated with population density, aging population, and interactions between four dimensions of social capital related factors and aging population. Furthermore, number of hospital beds and early lockdown policy were negatively associated with Covid-19 deaths. Conclusions: The results indicate that the role of social capital on dynamically evolving threats such as the current Covid-19 pandemic does not always negatively or positively. Therefore, countries require changes of behavior of people to response Covid-19 threat.

scholarly journals The role of social capital in COVID-19 deaths

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Janaki Imbulana Arachchi ◽  
Shunsuke Managi
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Social Trust ◽  
Ageing Population ◽  
Community Attachment ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
Related Data ◽  
Hospital Beds ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background The COVID-19 pandemic has shown a continuously increasing trend with a large variation in the number of COVID-19 deaths across countries. In response, many countries have implemented non pharmaceutical methods of intervention, such as social distancing and lockdowns. This study aims to investigate the relationship of four dimensions of social capital (community attachment, social trust, family bond, and security) and several control variables with COVID-19 deaths. Methods We retrieved data from open access databases and a survey. COVID-19 death-related data were collected from the website “Centre for Systems Science and Engineering (CSSE) at Johns Hopkins University”. Social capital-related data were collected from a large-scale survey that included web-based and face-to-face surveys covering 100,956 respondents across all regions/provinces/states of 37 countries in 2017. Data regarding population density, number of hospital beds, and population aged 65 or older were retrieved from the World Development Indicators (WDIs). Data on country lockdowns were obtained from the website “National responses to the 2019-20 coronavirus pandemic”. Linear regressions were applied to identify the relationship between social capital and COVID-19 deaths. Results We found that COVID-19 deaths were associated with social capital both positively and negatively. Community attachment and social trust were associated with more COVID-19 deaths, and family bond and security were associated with fewer deaths. COVID-19 deaths were positively associated with population density, ageing population, and interactions between four dimensions of social capital-related factors and the ageing population. Furthermore, the number of hospital beds and early lockdown policy were negatively associated with COVID-19 deaths. Conclusions The results indicate that the role of social capital in dynamically evolving threats, such as the current COVID-19 pandemic, is not always negative or positive. Therefore, people’s behaviour should be changed to support countries’ response to the COVID-19 threat.

Intellectual Capital and Technological Innovation: The Mediating Role of Supply Chain Learning

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 199-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui-Ying Zhang ◽  
Shuang Lv
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Supply Chain ◽  
Technological Innovation ◽  
Intellectual Capital ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Structural Capital ◽  
The Relationship

This paper analyzes the influence of intellectual capital on firms’ technological innovation, and the intermediary effect of supply chain learning in the relationship between different dimensions of intellectual capital and technological innovation. Using a questionnaire to survey 167 Chinese high and medium-high technological manufacturing firms, our research provides a new insight with interesting results. (1) Among the four dimensions of intellectual capital, only two dimensions, internal social capital and external social capital, exert positive effect on technological innovation; (2) Among the two dimensions of supply chain learning, learning from both suppliers and customers exerts a significant effect on technological innovation, and learning from the customer has a more significant effect; (3) A complete intermediary effect occurs from supply chain learning in the relationship among human capital, structural capital and technological innovation, while an incomplete intermediary effect occurs from supply chain learning in the relationship among external social capital, internal social capital, and technological innovation.

Gender and belief factors on attitude towards Social and Environmental Accounting (SEA)

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Salina Abdullah ◽  
Ern Chen Loo
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Environmental Accounting ◽  
Future Generations ◽  
Business And Society ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
Sustain Ability ◽  
The Relationship

Research on social and environmental accounting (SEA) has mainly concentrated on disclosure of SEA by corporate bodies, where investigations on ones attitude towards SEA are rarely discussed. SEA is a medium that develops relationships between business and society, community and nature. In addition, SEA involves a concept of sustain ability; where natural resources need to be sustained for the needs of future generations (Alhabshi et al., 2003). SEA also tries to recognise the role of accounting in sustainable development and the use of environmental resources. There are arguments that the young generations today are not fully aware of preserving these natural resources as well as handling social and environmental issues wisely. This perhaps link closely to their belief and cultural background. Hence, this paper examines the influence of gender and belief factors on the undergraduate students’ attitude towards SEA. Four dimensions of belief (fixed ability, quick learning, simple knowledge and certain knowledge) proposed by Schommer (2005) were adapted to analyse how belief factors have influence on their attitude towards SEA. An independent sample t-test was used to examine the relationship between gender and students’ attitude towards SEA. Spearmen’s correlation was employed to show the relationship between belief and attitude towards SEA. The results revealed that gender differences did not show influences on their attitude towards SEA. It was found that there is a significant relationship between belief and students’ attitude towards SEA. Students who believe on the importance of SEA tend to report positive attitude towards SEA. Perhaps findings of this study may provide some information on the SEA education and further be incorporated in the syllabus.

scholarly journals The Bridging Activity of Multiracial Congregations

Religions ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 204
Author(s):  
Edward Polson ◽  
Rachel Gillespie
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Ethnic Diversity ◽  
Social Trust ◽  
Ethnic Composition ◽  
Religious Congregations ◽  
Bridging Social Capital ◽  
Service Programs ◽  
Multiracial Congregations ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Racial Ethnic

The growing diversity of U.S. communities has led scholars to explore how racial/ethnic diversity effects social capital, civic engagement, and social trust. Less is known about the relationship between diversity and the work of community-based organizations (CBOs). In this study, we examine how the racial/ethnic composition of one ubiquitous type of CBO, religious congregations, is related to measures of organizational bridging social capital. Analyzing data collected through a census of congregations in one Midwestern county, we explore the relationship between racial/ethnic diversity and the bridging activity of religious congregations. We find that multiracial congregations are more likely to be involved with externally focused service programs, tend to support a larger number of programs, and report more interorganizational collaborators than other congregations. Our findings suggest that multiracial congregations can provide a valuable resource for increasingly diverse communities and civil society.

Trust in the Workplace: The Role of Social Interaction Diversity in the Community and in the Workplace

2015 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 378-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Cui ◽  
Ilan Vertinsky ◽  
Sandra Robinson ◽  
Oana Branzei
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Social Interaction ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Social Trust ◽  
Two Cultures ◽  
The Two Cultures ◽  
Collectivistic Cultures ◽  
Capital Development ◽  
The Impact

Extending the literature on social capital development in the community, this article examines the impact of diverse social interactions (in the community and the workplace) on the development of social trust in the workplace, and investigates whether their effects differ in individualistic and collectivistic cultures. Using survey data collected in Canada and China, the authors find that the diversity of one’s social interactions in the community is positively associated with one’s social trust in the workplace, and this relationship is not significantly different between the two cultures. Diversity of one’s social interactions in the workplace is also positively associated with one’s social trust in the workplace, though only in collectivistic cultures.

scholarly journals Invited Commentary: Social Cohesion, Depression, and the Role of Welfare States

2019 ◽  
Vol 189 (4) ◽  
pp. 354-357
Author(s):  
Mikael Rostila
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Welfare State ◽  
Social Cohesion ◽  
State Theory ◽  
Welfare States ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Neighborhood Disorder ◽  
Welfare Regimes ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract In this issue of the Journal, Baranyi et al. (Am J Epidemiol. 2019;000(00):000–000) examine the longitudinal associations of perceived neighborhood disorder and social cohesion with depressive symptoms among persons aged 50 years or more in 16 different countries. An important contribution of their article is that they study how neighborhood-level social capital relates to depression in different welfare-state contexts. Although the authors provide empirical evidence for some significant differences between welfare states in the relationship between social capital and depression, they say little about potential explanations. In this commentary, I draw attention to welfare-state theory and how it could provide us with a greater understanding of Baranyi et al.’s findings. I also discuss the potential downsides of grouping countries into welfare regimes. I primarily focus on the associations between social cohesion and depression, as these associations were generally stronger than those for neighborhood disorder and depression. Finally, I provide some suggestions for future research within the field and discuss whether the findings could be used to guide policies aimed at increasing social cohesion and health.

Impact of organizational citizenship behavior on job performance in Indian healthcare industries

2017 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 780-796 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eeman Basu ◽  
Rabindra Kumar Pradhan ◽  
Hare Ram Tewari
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Job Performance ◽  
Organizational Citizenship ◽  
Organizational Citizenship Behavior ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Citizenship Behavior ◽  
Healthcare Organizations ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship between organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) and job performance. It also examines the mediating role of social capital in influencing the relationship between OCB and job performance. Design/methodology/approach The study explores the dynamic relationship among the variables of OCB and job performance and social capital. Data were collected from 501 respondents working in 15 healthcare organizations in Kolkata, India, through questionnaire survey. Likert-type rating scales of OCB, job performance and social capital with sound reliability and validity were used to carry out the survey. The data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. Findings The results of the present study show that OCB significantly predicts job performance in healthcare organizations. Social capital found to be a significant mediator between OCB and job performance. Research limitations/implications The findings of the study have a number of implications for organizations in acknowledging and leveraging social capital and encouraging OCB to facilitate superior performance of employees. The generalization of the findings of the study should be restricted to the healthcare organizations in Kolkata due to its own style of functioning, workforce and work environment. The role of demographic variables in influencing the outcome measures has not been considered for the present study. Further research on these aspects may reveal more interesting results with regard to the dynamics among organizational citizenship behavior, social capital and job performance. Practical implications Employee-friendly management practices should be adopted in organizations to facilitate the formation of network building and development of social capital which serves as an asset to organizations and creates competitive advantage. Originality/value The research findings enrich our understanding of voluntary social participation and citizenship behavior of employees for influencing performance at work. The study also provides useful and unique insight on the benefits of networking in healthcare organizations particularly helping employees to cope with emergency situations. The findings as well as methodology used in this study are original and unique.

scholarly journals Reducing Organizational Anomie In light of Entrepreneurial Behavior and Job Engagement/ Analytical Research in the Ministry of Industry and Minerals / General Company for Textile and Leather Industries / Cotton Factory

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lamees Adnan Azeez ◽  
Prof. Shiffa Mohamed Ali Hasson Al-Azzawi
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Engagement ◽  
Job Engagement ◽  
Entrepreneurial Behavior ◽  
Factory Workers ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
Organizational Cynicism ◽  
Analytical Research ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The research aims to demonstrate the role of the main variables represented by the four dimensions of entrepreneurial behavior (creative, risk taking, seizing opportunities, proactivity), and job engagement, whose dimensions are (cognitive engagement, emotional engagement, physical (physical) engagement) in Reducing the dependent variable of organizational anomie in the Qatina factory of the General Company for Textile and Leather Industries, one of the formations of the Ministry of Industry and Minerals The experimental analytical method was adopted in the completion of the research, and an intentional sample of (162) individuals in the administrative levels (higher and middle) in the factory was taken. The relationship of entrepreneurial behavior and job engagement at the total level was positive with organizational anomie, and indicators of organizational non-normative dimensions, organizational cynicism and lack of organizational values decreased, because the cotton factory members do not ignore work values to achieve their goals, as well as the existence of a spirit of cooperation and teamwork Factory workers.

The effects of social capital on knowledge heterogeneity

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 1237-1253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fu-Sheng Tsai ◽  
I-Chieh Hsu
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
New Product Development ◽  
New Product ◽  
Shared Vision ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Epistemological Dimension

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the influences of social capital on knowledge heterogeneity in order to advance the understanding of the effects and to reconcile existing inconsistent findings. Design/methodology/approach Survey data collected from 105 new product development (NPD) projects were analyzed with regression-based methods. Findings The results indicated that trust, centralization and shared vision as the three social capital dimensions generally have negative impacts on the domain and presentation dimensions of knowledge heterogeneity. However, the three dimensions of social capital do not exhibit consistent influences on the tacitness heterogeneity (i.e. an epistemological dimension of knowledge heterogeneity). Research limitations/implications More research is needed to explore the role of social capital dimensions in developing a range of knowledge attributes of NPD teams, among which knowledge heterogeneity is one. The various dimensions of knowledge an NPD team possesses should have performance implications and deserve future investigation. Originality/value The study is one of the first documented attempts to demonstrate contingencies in the relationship between social capital and knowledge heterogeneity. The effect of social capital on knowledge heterogeneity should be understood at the level of dimensions of the two respective constructs.

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