Variant Type X91+ Chronic Granulomatous Disease: Clinical and Molecular Characterization in a Chinese Cohort
Abstract Purpose: We aimed to report the clinical and immunological characteristics of variant type X91+ CGD in a Chinese cohort.Methods: The clinical manifestations and immunological phenotypes of X91+ CGD patients were collected. Dihydrorhodamine (DHR) analysis was performed to evaluate neutrophil function. Gp91phox protein expression was determined by flow cytometry-based extracellular staining with the monoclonal antibody (mAb) 7D5. Results: X91+CGD patients accounted for 8% (7/85) of all patients with GCD. The median onset age in the 7 X91+ CGD patients was 4 months. Six patients received the same BCG vaccine strain, and three had probable BCG infections. Moreover, 4 patients were highly suspected of having Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Recurrent infections of the lungs and soft tissues (3/7) were the most common symptoms. Two patients had noninfectious recurrent oral ulcers and received interferon gamma (IFN-γ) treatment afterward. In our cohort, the stimulation index (SI) of the 7 X91+ CGD patients ranged widely from 1.9 to 67.5, while the SI ranged from 1.2 to 35.7 in patents with X910 CGD. The level of SI between these two groups was statistically significant (P<0.05). CYBB mutations associated with X91+CGD were usually located in or near the FAD and NADPH binding domains. Three new X91+ CGD related mutations (c.1462-2 A>T, c.1243C>T and c.925G>A) were identified. Conclusions: Variant type X91+ CGD may have varied severities of clinical manifestations. Moreover, the laboratory findings of X91+ CGD could present with a moderate neutrophil stimulation index. We should deepen our understanding of the X91+ variant CGD to prevent missed diagnosis.