scholarly journals Trait differences between and within ranges of an invasive legume species

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Hoffbeck ◽  
Casey P terHorst
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Allocation ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Flowering Phenology ◽  
Invasion Success ◽  
Stabilizing Selection ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Legume Species ◽  
Native Range ◽  
Invasive Range ◽  
Linear Relationships

Abstract Novel ecological interactions can drive natural selection in non-native species and trait evolution may increase the likelihood of invasion. We can gain insight into the potential role of evolution in invasion success by comparing traits of successful individuals in the invasive range with the traits of individuals from the native range in order to determine which traits are most likely to allow species to overcome barriers to invasion. Here we used Medicago polymorpha , a non-native legume species from the Mediterranean that has invaded six continents around the world, to quantify differences in life history traits among genotypes collected from the native and invasive range and grown in a common greenhouse environment. We found significant differences in fruit and seed production and biomass allocation between invasive and native range genotypes. Invasive genotypes had greater fecundity, but invested more energy into belowground growth relative to native genotypes. Beyond the variation between ranges, we found additional variation among genotypes within each range in flowering phenology, total biomass, biomass allocation, and fecundity. We found non-linear relationships between some traits and fitness that were much stronger for plants from the invasive range. These trait differences between ranges suggest that stabilizing selection on biomass, resource allocation, and flowering phenology imposed during or after introduction of this species may increase invasion success.

scholarly journals Differences in seed properties and germination between native and introduced populations of Triadica sebifera

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jialiang Zhang ◽  
Evan Siemann ◽  
Baoliang Tian ◽  
Wei Huang ◽  
Jianqing Ding
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Soluble Protein ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Seed Mass ◽  
The United States ◽  
Invasion Success ◽  
Native Range ◽  
Triadica Sebifera ◽  
Introduced Range

Abstract Aims Seeds of many invasive plants germinate more quickly than those of native species, likely facilitating invasion success. Assessing the germination traits and seed properties simultaneously for introduced and native populations of an invasive plant is essential to understanding biological invasions. Here, we used Triadica sebifera as a study organism to examine intraspecific differences in seed germination together with seed characteristics. Methods We measured physical (volume, mass, coat hardness and coat thickness of seeds) and chemical (crude fat, soluble protein, sugar, gibberellins [GA] and abscisic acid [ABA] of kernels) properties of T. sebifera seeds collected in 2017 from 12 introduced (United States) populations and 12 native (China) populations and tested their germination rates and timing in a greenhouse experiment in China. Furthermore, we conducted an extra experiment in the United States using seeds collected in 2016 and 2017 to compare the effects of study sites (China vs. United States) and seed collection time (2016 vs. 2017) on seed germination. Important Findings Seeds from the introduced range germinated faster than those from the native range. Physical and chemical measurements showed that seeds from the introduced range were larger, had higher GA concentrations and GA:ABA ratio, but lower crude fat concentrations compared to those from the native range. There were no significant differences in seed mass, coat hardness and coat thickness or kernel ABA, soluble protein or sugar concentrations between seeds from introduced vs. native ranges. Germination rates were correlated between United States and China greenhouses but germination rates for populations varied between collection years. Our results suggest that larger seeds and higher GA likely contribute to faster germination, potentially facilitating T. sebifera invasion in the introduced range.

scholarly journals Widespread anthropogenic translocation of the African Clawed Frog across its native range is revealed by its co-introduced monogenean parasite in a co-phylogeographic approach

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anneke Lincoln Schoeman ◽  
Louis Heyns du Preez ◽  
Nikol Kmentová ◽  
Maarten P M Vanhove
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategies ◽  
Invasion Biology ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Invasion Success ◽  
Native Range ◽  
Invasive Range ◽  
Conservation Implications ◽  
Host Lineage ◽  
Live Bait

1. The management of biological invasions relies upon the development of methods to trace their origin and expansion. Co-introduced parasites, especially monogenean flatworms, are ideal tags for the movement of their invasive hosts due to their short generations, direct life cycles and host specificity. However, they are yet to be applied to trace the intraspecific movement of species in their native ranges. 2. As proof of this concept, we conducted a co-phylogeographic analysis based upon two mitochondrial markers of a globally distributed frog Xenopus laevis and its monogenean flatworm parasite Protopolystoma xenopodis in both its native range in southern Africa and its invasive range in Europe. 3. Translocation of lineages was largely masked in the frog's phylogeography. However, incongruent links between host and parasite phylogeography indicated host switches from one host lineage to the other after these were brought into contact due to human-mediated translocation in the native range. Thus, past translocation of host lineages is revealed by the invasion success of its co-introduced parasite lineage. 4. This study demonstrates the concept that parasite data can serve as an independent line of evidence in invasion biology, also on the intraspecific level, shedding light on previously undetected invasion dynamics. Based upon the distribution of these invasive parasite lineages, we infer that the widespread translocation of hosts is mainly facilitated by the frog's use as live bait by the local angling communities and not via official export routes. 5. Data from co-introduced, host-specific parasites can add value to investigations in invasion biology and conservation. A better understanding of the translocation history and resulting genetic mixing of animals in their native ranges prior to introduction into new environments can inform management strategies in the invasive range. Knowledge of the intraspecific movement of different lineages of animals in their native ranges also has conservation implications, since contact between divergent lineages of hosts and parasites can facilitate host switches and altered parasite dynamics in both native and invasive populations. Therefore, we recommend the inclusion of parasite data as a more holistic approach to the invasion ecology of animals on the intraspecific level.

scholarly journals Evolution under changing climates: climatic niche stasis despite rapid evolution in a non-native plant

2013 ◽  
Vol 280 (1767) ◽  
pp. 20131446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jake M. Alexander
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Rapid Evolution ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Flowering Phenology ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Native Range ◽  
Niche Modelling ◽  
Climatic Niche ◽  
Lactuca Serriola

A topic of great current interest is the capacity of populations to adapt genetically to rapidly changing climates, for example by evolving the timing of life-history events, but this is challenging to address experimentally. I use a plant invasion as a model system to tackle this question by combining molecular markers, a common garden experiment and climatic niche modelling. This approach reveals that non-native Lactuca serriola originates primarily from Europe, a climatic subset of its native range, with low rates of admixture from Asia. It has rapidly refilled its climatic niche in the new range, associated with the evolution of flowering phenology to produce clines along climate gradients that mirror those across the native range. Consequently, some non-native plants have evolved development times and grow under climates more extreme than those found in Europe, but not among populations from the native range as a whole. This suggests that many plant populations can adapt rapidly to changed climatic conditions that are already within the climatic niche space occupied by the species elsewhere in its range, but that evolution to conditions outside of this range is more difficult. These findings can also help to explain the prevalence of niche conservatism among non-native species.

scholarly journals Congeneric invasive versus native plants utilize similar inorganic nitrogen forms but have disparate use efficiencies

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong-Wei Yu ◽  
Wei-Ming He
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Allocation ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Plant Invasions ◽  
Invasion Success ◽  
Composition Gradient ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents ◽  
Growth Allocation ◽  
N Use

Abstract Aims Soil inorganic nitrogen (N) has long been recognized to play an important role in plant invasions. Whilst comparing the N use strategies of multiple invasive versus native plant congeners along an entire N gradient is key to understanding plant invasion success, there are few related studies. Methods We conducted a potted experiment with six invasive and native congeneric pairs, which were subjected to 11 nitrate/ammonium (NO3  -/NH4  +) ratios (i.e. 100% NO3  - at one end and 100% NH4  + at the other end), each with low and high N levels. Each species-N combination was replicated eight times, and thus there were 2112 pots in total. We measured the following traits: the total biomass, growth advantage, biomass allocation, leaf chlorophyll content, and low-N tolerance. Important Findings Invasive and native congeners grew well at any NO3  -/NH4  + ratios, and their responses of growth, allocation, and tolerance were approximately parallel along the 11 NO3  -/NH4  + ratios across two N levels. Plant invaders grew larger and had greater chlorophyll contents, higher root biomass allocation, and stronger low-N tolerance than their congeneric natives. These findings suggest that invasive and native plant congeners may utilize similar inorganic N forms (i.e. NO3  - and NH4  +) across an entire N composition gradient and that higher N use efficiencies could favor alien plants to invade new plant communities where congeneric natives are dominants.

scholarly journals Phylogenetically diverse native systems are more resistant to invasive plant species on Robben Island, South Africa

Genome ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 217-228
Author(s):  
Kowiyou Yessoufou ◽  
Bezeng S. Bezeng ◽  
Orou G. Gaoue ◽  
Thato Bengu ◽  
Michelle van der Bank
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Invasive Plant ◽  
Biotic Interactions ◽  
Flowering Phenology ◽  
Invasion Success ◽  
Alien Invasive Species ◽  
Ecological Niches ◽  
Phylogenetic Structure ◽  
Robben Island

Alien invasive species are problematic both economically and ecologically, particularly on islands. As such, understanding how they interact with their environment is necessary to inform invasive species management. Here, we ask the following questions: What are the main functional traits that correlate with invasion success of alien plants on Robben Island? How does phylogenetic structure shape biotic interactions on the island? Using multiple approaches to explore these questions, we found that alien invasive species flower later during the year and for longer period, although flowering phenology was sensitive to alternative starting date. Additionally, we observed that alien invasive species are mostly abiotically pollinated and are generally hermaphroditic whilst their native counterparts rely on biotic pollinators, flower earlier, and are generally dioecious, suggesting that alien invasive and native species use different ecological niches. Furthermore, we found a facilitative interaction between an alien invasive legume and other invasive plants as predicted by the invasional meltdown hypothesis, but this does not influence the phylogenetic structure of plant communities. Finally, phylogenetically diverse set of native species are less receptive to alien invasive species. Collectively, our findings reveal how biotic interactions and phylogenetic relatedness structure alien invasive – native co-existence.

Genome Size Variation Between the Native and Invasive Ranges of Senecio madagascariensis (Asteraceae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 212-218
Author(s):  
Bruno Dematteis ◽  
María S. Ferrucci ◽  
Pablo Ortega-Baes ◽  
Juan P. Coulleri
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Genome Size ◽  
Ploidy Level ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Size Variation ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Native Range ◽  
Genome Size Variation ◽  
Invasive Range ◽  
Bioclimatic Variables

Abstract—Invasive species must colonize new habitats away from their native range; therefore, factors affecting plant dispersal play a key role in invasion. The ploidy level and genome size (or Cx value) can affect the dispersal traits, physiology, and ecology of invasive species over a few generations, generating individuals that can face fluctuating environments, exploit new ones, and compete with native species. Several studies have demonstrated that invasive species tend to have smaller genomes than their noninvasive congeners, which is explained by the role that the Cx value plays in phenotypic evolution and ecological tolerance. In order to test this hypothesis, we compare the genome size variation in Argentine populations (invasive range) vs. South African populations (native range) of S. madagascariensis. To meet our goals, we estimated the Cx value of invasive populations collected on field trips, while for native populations we considered available published data. We extracted the bioclimatic variables in order to establish the ecological amplitude in which the genome sizes may be distributed. Our results evidenced larger genomes in the invasive range than in the native one. Furthermore, we propose that large genomes of the invasive populations could be mainly explained by the founder genotypes effect and the anthropogenic introduction of this species to Argentina. In addition, we demonstrated that genotypes with big genomes can tolerate different environmental conditions from those of their native range. Therefore, they could present a greater ability for colonizing new environments. The implications and importance of ploidy level in the invasion of S. madagascariensis are discussed.

Biomass allocation in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) plants grown under partial rootzone drying: enhancement of root growth

2004 ◽  
Vol 31 (10) ◽  
pp. 971 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darren M. Mingo ◽  
Julian C. Theobald ◽  
Mark A. Bacon ◽  
William J. Davies ◽  
Ian C. Dodd
Keyword(s):  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Root System ◽  
Biomass Allocation ◽  
Root Biomass ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Split Root ◽  
Split Root System ◽  
Partial Rootzone Drying ◽  
And Control

Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) plants were grown in either a glasshouse (GH) or a controlled environment cabinet (CEC) to assess the effects of partial rootzone drying (PRD) on biomass allocation. Control and PRD plants received the same amounts of water. In control plants, water was equally distributed between two compartments of a split-root system. In PRD plants, only one compartment was watered while the other was allowed to dry. At the end of each drying cycle, wet and dry compartments were alternated. In the GH, total biomass did not differ between PRD and control plants after four cycles of PRD, but PRD increased root biomass by 55% as resources were partitioned away from shoot organs. In the CEC, leaf water potential did not differ between treatments at the end of either of two cycles of PRD, but stomatal conductance of PRD plants was 20% less at the end of the first cycle than at the beginning. After two cycles of PRD in the CEC, biomass did not differ between PRD and control plants, but PRD increased root biomass by 19% over the control plants. The promotion of root biomass in PRD plants was associated with the alternation of wet and dry compartments, with increased root biomass occurring in the re-watered compartment after previous exposure to soil drying. Promotion of root biomass in field-grown PRD plants may allow the root system to access resources (water and nutrients) that would otherwise be unavailable to control plants. This may contribute to the ability of PRD plants to maintain similar leaf water potentials to conventionally irrigated plants, even when smaller irrigation volumes are supplied.

scholarly journals Response of Chinese Tallow (Triadica sebifera) and Coexisting Natives to Competition, Shade, and Flooding

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olaniyi O Ajala ◽  
Kathryn R Kidd ◽  
Brian P Oswald ◽  
Yuhui Weng ◽  
Jeremy P Stovall
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Native Species ◽  
High Irradiance ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Green Ash ◽  
Lower Growth ◽  
Triadica Sebifera ◽  
Chinese Tallow ◽  
Growth Metrics ◽  
Water Tupelo

Abstract A greenhouse experiment was designed to determine the interactive effect of light, flooding, and competition on the growth and performance of Chinese tallow (Triadica sebifera [L.] Roxb.) and three tree species native to the southeastern United States: water tupelo (Nyssa aquatica L.), sugarberry (Celtis occidentalis L.), and green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marshall). The experiment used a factorial design that received two treatments: light (low irradiance or high irradiance) and flood (nonflooded and flooded) regimes. In the nonflooded and high irradiance treatment, changes in the growth (ground diameter, number of leaves, and total biomass) indicated that growth metrics of tallow were highest when growing with sugarberry and water tupelo but decreased when tallow was in competition with green ash. In contrast, competition with tallow reduced the height, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate of water tupelo. The results showed that tallow had lower growth metrics when in competition with green ash at no apparent decrease in the growth of green ash except for growth rate. Our results suggest that tallow may be less competitive with certain native species and underplanting may be a possible opportunity for improving the success rates of native trees species establishment in areas prone to tallow invasion. Study Implications: Chinese tallow is a highly invasive tree species in the southeastern coastal states and in this study, we examined the growth and survival of tallow in competition with tree species native to the southeastern coastal states, USA. The growth of tallow differed greatly among native species in well-drained environments lacking forest overstory with lower growth metrics when grown with green ash but higher growth metrics when grown with water tupelo and sugarberry. Following density reduction treatments, we recommend management actions that promote the regeneration of native tree species to occupy the open vegetation canopy and suppress reestablishment of tallow.

scholarly journals What’s for Dinner? Assessing the Value of an Edible Invasive Species and Outreach Actions to Promote Its Consumption

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inês Cerveira ◽  
Vânia Baptista ◽  
Maria Alexandra Teodósio ◽  
Pedro Morais
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Aquatic Invasive Species ◽  
Native Range ◽  
Invasive Fish ◽  
Press Releases ◽  
Cynoscion Regalis ◽  
The Public ◽  
Native Resources ◽  
A New Species

Abstract Promoting the consumption of edible aquatic invasive species has gained popularity to minimize its impacts while easing pressure on native resources. Weakfish Cynoscion regalis (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) is one of the most recent invasive fish species in the Iberian Peninsula (Europe) which once sustained an important fishery in the native range (Northwest Atlantic Ocean). Portugal ranks third in the list of the world’s top fish consumers, so promoting a weakfish fishery could at least help minimize the impacts upon native species, since weakfish have innate traits that are likely appreciated by Portuguese fish consumers. However, introducing a new species to consumers is challenging owing to consumers’ habits and unfamiliarity with the species. So, we aimed to (i) evaluate the acceptance of weakfish by a panel of Portuguese fish consumers and (ii) create outreach actions – partnerships with local Chefs and press releases – to explain to a broader public what invasive species are and promote the consumption of edible aquatic invasive species. The survey that we conducted to Portuguese fish consumers showed that weakfish has great chances of being well accepted by the public – 90% of consumers would buy weakfish because they appreciated its appearance, flavour, and texture, besides being a wild fish. The outreach actions reached a few million people because 46 online articles were published, and three news pieces broadcasted on national television. Overall, our strategy greatly increased the public’s awareness about invasive species, which can be replicated elsewhere in the world.

scholarly journals Análisis de crecimiento de tres especies de Caesalpinia (Leguminosae) de la selva baja caducifolia de Chamela, Jalisco

2017 ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Rincón ◽  
Pilar Huante ◽  
Mariana Álvarez-Añorve
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Biomass Allocation ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Tropical Deciduous Forest ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Allocation Pattern ◽  
Location Patterns ◽  
Net Assimilation

The objective of this study is to assess the biomass allocation pattern s and growth characteristics of three species of Caesalpinia (Leguminosae) from the highly diverse and seasonal Chamela tropical deciduous forest , where the plant growth period is restricted to the rainy season. The studied species, although they are phylogenetically related, presented different biomass al location patterns and RGR during growth, in order to carry out a differential exploitation of resources and to promote their coexistence. There were differences in relative growth rate (RGR), root to shoot ratio (R/ S), net assimilation rate (E), biomass allocation patterns and total biomass and leaf area attained among the studied species. Caesalpinia eriostachys and C. platyloba showed similar growth patterns between them but contrasting with those of C. sclerocarpa. This suggests a temporal uncuopling of their maximum resource demand. RGR was determined to a greater extent by parameters related with E than by parameters related with the specific leaf area (SLA).

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