scholarly journals Probabilistic Cooperative Coded Forwarding for Broadcast Transmissions in Industrial Mobile Edge Communications

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenjun Huang ◽  
Xu Li ◽  
Yanan Liang
Keyword(s):  
Network Coding ◽  
Communication Networks ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Relay Nodes ◽  
Data Packets ◽  
Industrial Internet ◽  
Limited Power ◽  
Data Source ◽  
Design Cost ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Mobile edge computing (MEC) has been considered as a key enabler for the industrial internet of things (IIoT) to cope with the ever-increasing communication and computing demands of nodes. In consideration of the limited power and resource of the IIoT nodes, it is necessary to design cost-effective data sharing mechanisms for MEC-enabled wireless industrial communication networks. In this article, we propose the probabilistic cooperative coded forwarding (PCCF) scheme based on network coding (NC) to minimize the required transmission number in both the data source and relay nodes. The data packets are encoded sparsely in a systematic coding framework so that the decoding process at the receivers can be more efficient. The relationship between the forwarding and coding parameters of the proposed scheme and the successful decoding probability are comprehensively analyzed and the approximations are numerically verified. Throughout the analysis, we find the optimal sparsity of network coding vectors and also the existence of minimum transmission numbers.

KORESPONDENSI FONEMIS BAHASA SUNDA DAN BAHASA JAWA

IdeBahasa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-132
Author(s):  
Shifa Nur Zakiyah ◽  
Susi Machdalena ◽  
Tb. Ace Fachrullah
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Interview Techniques ◽  
Data Source ◽  
Historical Comparative ◽  
Linguistic Approach ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Recording Techniques

This article discussed the phonemic correspondence in Sundanese and Javanese using a historical comparative linguistic approach. The problem to be examined in this study is the form of phonemic correspondence in Sundanese and Javanese. The purpose of this study was to determine the phonemic correspondence sets in the comparison between Sundanese and Javanese. The method used in this research to analyze the data is the phonemic correspondence method. The correspondence method is used to find the relationship between languages ​​in the field of language sounds (phonology). Phonemic correspondence is used to determine regular phonemic changes in the languages ​​being compared. Data collection used interview techniques, note techniques and recording techniques. After the data is collected, then the data is classified according to the problem being studied and grouped into more specifics. After that, conclusions will be made based on the results of the data analysis. The data source obtained comes from 200 swadesh vocabularies in Sundanese and Javanese. From 200 swadesh vocabulary data found 49 data included in phonemic correspondence which is divided into 12 correspondence sets. The results of this study include the formation of correspondences in Sundanese and Javanese, namely, (ɛ ~ i) and (i ~ ɛ), (a ~ ɔ) and (ɔ ~ a), (d ~ D), (t ~ T) , (ɤ ~ ə), (b ~ w), (ɔ ~ u) and (ɔ ~ U), (i ~ I), (ø ~ h) and (h ~ ø), (ø ~ m), and (a ~ ə).

Simulation modeling of packet switching network segment functioning

2019 ◽  
pp. 75-82
Author(s):  
D. V. Shelkovoy ◽  
A. A. Chernikov
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Service ◽  
Communication Networks ◽  
Simulation Modeling ◽  
Data Stream ◽  
Switching Network ◽  
Data Packets ◽  
Channel Resource ◽  
Switching Node ◽  
Joint Examination

The testing results of required channel resource mathematical estimating models for the for serving the proposed multimedia load in packet-switched communication networks are presented in the article. The assessment of the attainable level of quality of service at the level of data packet transportation was carried out by means of simulation modeling of the functioning of a switching node of a communication network. The developed modeling algorithm differs from the existing ones by taking into account the introduced delay for processing each data stream packet arriving at the switching node, depending on the size of the reserved buffer and the channel resource for its maintenance. A joint examination of the probability of packet loss and the introduced delay in the processing of data packets in the border router allows a comprehensive assessment of the quality of service «end to end», which in turn allows you to get more accurate values of the effective data transmitted rate by aggregating flows at the entrance to the transport network.

Pound Wise and Penny Foolish? Weight Loss and The Dynamics of Health Care Spending

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas G Koch
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Health Care Spending ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Dynamic Measures ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Current estimates of obesity costs ignore the impact of future weight loss and gain, and may either over or underestimate economic consequences of weight loss. In light of this, I construct static and dynamic measures of medical costs associated with body mass index (BMI), to be balanced against the cost of one-time interventions. This study finds that ignoring the implications of weight loss and gain over time overstates the medical-cost savings of such interventions by an order of magnitude. When the relationship between spending and age is allowed to vary, weight-loss attempts appear to be cost-effective starting and ending with middle age. Some interventions recently proven to decrease weight may also be cost-effective.

The Andean Tribunal of Justice

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen J. Alter ◽  
Laurence R. Helfer
Keyword(s):  
Political Crisis ◽  
Community Institutions ◽  
High Profile ◽  
Governmental Support ◽  
Regional Economic Policy ◽  
Limited Power ◽  
Import Restrictions ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Legal Grounds ◽  
Andean Community

This chapter discusses the Andean Tribunal Justice (the ATJ or Tribunal) and considers how the ATJ has fared during a period of regional political crisis and declining governmental support for Andean Community institutions. The “island” of narrow, intermediate, and extensive authority for intellectual property disputes that developed prior to the mid-2000s is resilient and even thriving, even as the ATJ’s de jure authority has contracted and its de facto authority has been threatened by proposals by Ecuador to merge the Andean Community with MERCOSUR and by politically high-profile noncompliance suits involving Ecuadoran import restrictions. Yet even in these contentious cases, the Andean legal system—backstopped by overlapping constraints of the World Trade Organization (WTO)—pushed Ecuador to offer plausible legal grounds to defend its import restrictions. The chapter concludes by exploring the relationship between the ATJ’s de facto authority and its limited power to shape regional economic policy.

scholarly journals PSVII-3 Correlations between L-lactate concentrations obtained using a handheld lactate analyser and a lactate assay colorimetric kit in beef cattle transported by road

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 296-297
Author(s):  
Daniela M Meléndez ◽  
Sonia Marti ◽  
Luigi Faucitano ◽  
Derek B Haley ◽  
Timothy D Schwinghamer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Road Transportation ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Suitable Alternative ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Handheld Device ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Blood metabolites are used to assess a variety of animal conditions for veterinary diagnosis and research. Concentration of metabolites in blood can be measured using a commercially-available lab-based assay or in real-time using a handheld device developed to be more time- and cost-effective than the lab-based method. Lactate is a product of anaerobic glycolysis, used in animal research as an indicator of muscle fatigue. Therefore, it has been used as an indicator of cattle response to long distance transportation. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship of L-lactate concentrations measured using a Lactate Scout+ analyzer (Lactate Scout, EFK Diagnostics, Barleben, Germany) and a lactate assay colorimetric kit (Lactate Assay Kit, Cell Biolabs Inc., San Diego, CA). Blood samples were collected by venipuncture from 96 steers (245 ± 35.7 kg BW) prior to (L1) and after 36 h, and prior to and after an additional 4 h of road transportation, and on d 1, 2, 3, 5, 14, and 28 after transport. The Lactate Scout+ analyzer strip was dipped in blood at the time of sampling, while blood samples were collected into sodium fluoride tubes for use in colorimetric analysis. Pearson correlations were calculated to determine the relationship between the experimental methods for the quantification of L-lactate concentrations. The strengths and levels of statistical significance of the correlation varied over the observed time points, r = -0.03, P = 0.75 (L1) to r = 0.75, P = < 0.0001 (d 3). The correlation for the pooled data was weak but statistically significant (r = 0.33, P < 0.001). Based on the experimental results, the Lactate Scout+ analyzer is not a suitable alternative to a lab-based assay for measuring L-lactate in transported cattle, due to variability across sampling time points and weak correlation with the traditional enzymatic method.

TELECOMMUNICATION NETWORKS AS A BASE FOR BRIDGING THE DIGITAL DIVIDE BETWEEN RUSSIAN FEDERATION REGIONS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Н.А. ЧИСТОВА ◽  
А.С. БОРОДИН ◽  
А.Е. КУЧЕРЯВЫЙ
Keyword(s):  
Digital Divide ◽  
Communication Networks ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Telecommunication Networks ◽  
Gross Regional Product ◽  
Planning And Design ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Regional Product ◽  
The Relationship

Статья посвящена анализу возможностей сетей связи для сокращения цифрового разрыва между регионами Российской Федерации. Основным результатом статьи является установление взаимосвязи валового регионального продукта и доли занятых в сфере информатизации и связи в общем числе занятых во всех отраслях. Результаты статьи могут быть использованы заинтересованными министерствами и ведомствами при реализации программы цифровой экономики, научными и проектными организациями при планировании и проектировании сетей связи, а также университетами в учебном процессе. The article is devoted to the analysis of the capabilities of telecommunication networks with ultralow latency to reduce the digital divide between the regions of the Russian Federation. The main result of the article is to establish the relationship between the gross regional product and the share of people employed in the field of informatization and communications in the total number of people employed in all industries. The results of the article can be used by interested ministries and departments in the implementation of the digital economy program, scientific and design organizations in the planning and design of communication networks, as well as by universities in the educational process.

Search for active candidates in a range of flavonoids regarding SARS-CoV-2 by the method of molecular docking

2021 ◽  
pp. 22-35
Author(s):  
Stanislav V. Pechinskii ◽  
Eduard T. Oganesyan ◽  
Anna G. Kuregyan
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Docking ◽  
Antiviral Activity ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Active Structures ◽  
Main Protease ◽  
Targeted Screening ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Structure And Activity

Molecular docking is a convenient and cost-effective tool for targeted screening of biologically active structures. This method makes it possible to reveal the relationship between structure and activity, as well as to search for new active compounds. Due to the fact that the antiviral activity of flavonoids and their derivatives has been shown experimentally and clinically, the study of their antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 is a promising study. In an in silico experiment, the possibility of binding 20 flavonoid ligands and the main protease SARS-CoV-2 was studied. The structural features of flavone and flavanone derivatives have been determined, which determine their ability to block the main protease of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Structures of eight new candidates that bind the main protease SARS-CoV-2, which have the prospect of synthesis and further pharmacological research, have been proposed.

Prognostic Effects of Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Rates in Serum and Pleural Fluids in Malignant Pleural Fluids

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filiz Güldaval ◽  
Ceyda Anar ◽  
Mine Gayaf ◽  
Gulru Polat ◽  
Merve Ayık Türk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pleural Effusion ◽  
Prognostic Factor ◽  
Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Clinical Impact ◽  
Neutrophil To Lymphocyte Ratio ◽  
Lymphocyte Ratio ◽  
Appropriate Therapy ◽  
Cancer Types ◽  
The Relationship

Objective: Various studies have reported that the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in the serum (sNLR) may serve as a cost-effective and useful prognostic factor in patients with various cancer types. We investigated the clinical impact of NLR as a prognostic factor in malign pleural effusion (MPE) and sNLR on prognosis in MPE. Method: We retrospectively reviewed all of the patients who were diagnosed MPE. The relationship between sNLR and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in the malign pleural effusion (mNLR) value, age, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG), histopathologic type, serum albumin and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) with survival were investigated. Results: A total of 222 patients with a mean age of 65.7±11.5 were included in the study. Patients with a mNLR value ≥0.42 and a serum NLR value ≥4.75 had a shorter survival (p: 0.000). Multivariate analysis, which showed that survival was significantly related mNLR value > 0.42 and/or sNLR value > 4.75 (Odds Ratio (OR): 2.66, %95 CI, 1,65-4,3 p: 0.001), serum LDH > 210 (OR = 1.8, %95 CI, 1,33-2,46 p: 0.001) and age > 65 (OR = 1.9, %95 CI, 1,41-2,55 p = 0.001). Conclusion: sNLR and mNLR may act as a simple, useful, and cost-effective prognostic factor in patients with MPE. Furthermore, these results may serve as the cornerstone of further research into the mNLR in the future. Although further studies are required to generalize our results, this information will benefit clinicians and patients in determining the most appropriate therapy for patients with MPE.

scholarly journals The Correlation Internal and Eksternal Characteristics with Communication Networks Self-help Rubber Farmer in Batu Bersurat Village XIII Koto Kampar District

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-36
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ikhsan Ikhsan ◽  
Roza Yulida ◽  
Fajar Restuhadi
Keyword(s):  
Communication Network ◽  
Communication Networks ◽  
Land Tenure ◽  
Information Needs ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Correlation Test ◽  
Self Help ◽  
Adequate Information ◽  
The Relationship

In order to encourage rubber agribusiness activities, farmers need adequate information and reliable sources of information to achieve their goals. To meet information needs, farmers develop communication networks between farmers and their actors. This research aims to describe the sociogram of the communication network of rubber farmers in self-help patterns,and analyze the relationship between farmer characteristics and communication networks.This research conducted in Batu Bersurat Village XIII Koto Kampar District. The method used in this research is the census method and the study respondents were taken as many as 42 farmers.  The results of this research indicate that the structure of the communication network formed in rubber farmers approached the radial personal networkstructure .Based on the correlation test results indicate that the characteristics of rubber farmers related to locall centrality are, extent of land tenure, cosmopolity, intensity of counseling, and number of sources of information. Correlation test results indicate that the characteristics of rubber farmers related to globall centrality are level of education, extent of land tenure, cosmopolity, intensity of counseling, and number of sources of information.Correlation test results indicate that the characteristics of rubber farmers related to betwenness are extent of land tenure, cosmopolity, intensity of counseling, and number of sources of information.

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