scholarly journals Mental workLoad Accumulation Effect of Mobile Phone Distraction in L2 Autopilot Mode

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongfei Zhao ◽  
Jinfei Ma ◽  
Yijing Zhang ◽  
Ruosong Chang
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Mental Workload ◽  
Autonomous Driving ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Driving Safety ◽  
Mental Load ◽  
Driving Mode ◽  
Automatic Driving ◽  
Brain Functions ◽  
Definition Of

Abstract As self-driving vehicles become more common, there is a need for precise measurement and definition of when and in what ways a driver can use a mobile phone in autonomous driving mode, for how long it can be used, the complexity of the call content, and the accumulated psychological load. This study uses a 2 (driving mode) * 2 (call content complexity) * 6 (driving phase) three-factor mixed experimental design to investigate the effect of these factors on the driver's psychological load by measuring the driver's performance on peripheral visual detection tasks, pupil diameter, and EEG components in various brain regions in the alpha band. The results showed that drivers' mental load levels converge between manual and automatic driving modes as the duration of driving increases, regardless of the level of complexity of the mobile phone conversation. This suggests that mobile phone conversations can also disrupt the driver's cognitive resource balance in automatic driving mode, as it increases mental load while also impairing the normal functioning of brain functions such as cognitive control, problem solving, and judgment, thereby compromising driving safety.

scholarly journals Online Multiple Object Tracking Using a Novel Discriminative Module for Autonomous Driving

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (20) ◽  
pp. 2479
Author(s):  
Jia Chen ◽  
Fan Wang ◽  
Chunjiang Li ◽  
Yingjie Zhang ◽  
Yibo Ai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Object Tracking ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Autonomous Driving ◽  
Driving Safety ◽  
Multiple Objects ◽  
Automatic Driving ◽  
Research Technology ◽  
Experimental Part ◽  
Sensing System ◽  
Benchmark Datasets

Multi object tracking (MOT) is a key research technology in the environment sensing system of automatic driving, which is very important to driving safety. Online multi object tracking needs to accurately extend the trajectory of multiple objects without using future frame information, so it will face greater challenges. Most of the existing online MOT methods are anchor-based detectors, which have many misdetections and missed detection problems, and have a poor effect on the trajectory extension of adjacent object objects when they are occluded and overlapped. In this paper, we propose a discrimination learning online tracker that can effectively solve the occlusion problem based on an anchor-free detector. This method uses the different weight characteristics of the object when the occlusion occurs and realizes the extension of the competition trajectory through the discrimination module to prevent the ID-switch problem. In the experimental part, we compared the algorithm with other trackers on two public benchmark datasets, MOT16 and MOT17, and proved that our algorithm has achieved state-of-the-art performance, and conducted a qualitative analysis on the convincing autonomous driving dataset KITTI.

Pilot study of office employee informational mental workload

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (10) ◽  
pp. 866-870 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. V. Zuev ◽  
M. M. Nekrasova ◽  
T. N. Vasiyleva
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Mental Workload ◽  
Chronic Fatigue ◽  
Professional Group ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Mental Load ◽  
Speed Of Information Processing ◽  
Professional Stress ◽  
Stress Fatigue

Introduction. Development of methodical base of information hygiene, systematization of data on levels of information loadings and degree of their influence on working conditions of workers is actual.The purpose of the study was to measure and evaluate the levels of information mental load of office workers, to study the patterns of development of adverse functional States in this professional group.Materials and methods. The pilot study included 25 employees of scientific and educational institutions aged 25 to 65 years. Measurement of information mental load of workers was carried out on the basis of a point assessment. Psychodiagnostics of performance of participants of research was carried out by means of a package of standard techniques. Heart rate telemetry was carried out in employees in the conditions of professional activity.Results. The integral indicator of information mental load of the studied professional group was 37.3±7.2 points and was in direct connection with the coefficient of comfort of the workplace (r=0.5, p=0.01). A reliable dependence of the speed of information processing on the length of work experience (r=0.71, p=0.0001) was also established. In the low-stress group, high indices of stress, fatigue, monotony were recorded in the workers, in the senior group — signs of chronic fatigue. The employees during the shift registered an increase in sympathetic activation.Conclusions. The results of the psychophysiological survey of employees indicate the need to regulate the information load, the development and implementation of preventive measures to reduce professional stress.

scholarly journals Effect of High-Altitude Environment on Driving Safety: A Study on Drivers’ Mental Workload, Situation Awareness, and Driving Behaviour

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Xinyan Wang ◽  
Wu Bo ◽  
Weihua Yang ◽  
Suping Cui ◽  
Pengzi Chu
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Situation Awareness ◽  
Mental Workload ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Driving Safety ◽  
Risky Driving ◽  
Driving Behaviour ◽  
Driving Risk ◽  
Low Altitude ◽  
The Relationship

This study aims to analyze the effect of high-altitude environment on drivers’ mental workload (MW), situation awareness (SA), and driving behaviour (DB), and to explore the relationship among those driving performances. Based on a survey, the data of 356 lowlanders engaging in driving activities at Tibetan Plateau (high-altitude group) and 341 lowlanders engaging in driving activities at low altitudes (low-altitude group) were compared and analyzed. The results suggest that the differences between the two groups are noteworthy. Mental workload of high-altitude group is significantly higher than that of low-altitude group, and their situation awareness is lower significantly. The possibility of risky driving behaviours for high-altitude group, especially aggressive violations, is higher. For the high-altitude group, the increase of mental workload can lead to an increase on aggressive violations, and the situation understanding plays a full mediating effect between mental workload and aggressive violations. Measures aiming at the improvement of situation awareness and the reduction of mental workload can effectively reduce the driving risk from high-altitude environment for lowlanders.

Hydraulic Pressure Control and Parameter Optimization of Brake-by-Wire System Based on Driver-Automation Cooperative Driving

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaohui Liu ◽  
Liangyao Yu ◽  
Sheng Zheng ◽  
Jinghu Chang ◽  
Fei Li
Keyword(s):  
Parameter Optimization ◽  
Pressure Control ◽  
Intelligent Vehicle ◽  
Hydraulic Pressure ◽  
Braking Performance ◽  
Driving Mode ◽  
Automatic Driving ◽  
Cooperative Driving ◽  
Braking System ◽  
Wire System

The automatic driving technology of vehicle is being carried out in real road environment, however, the application of unmanned vehicle still needs proof and practice. Autonomous vehicles will be in the stage of co-drive for a long time, that is, driver-control and autonomous system assisting or autonomous system control and driver assisting. The braking system of the intelligent vehicle needs to work in driver driving mode or automatic driving mode during a long stage. Brake-by-Wire system is the development trend of vehicle braking system. The brake modes of the Brake-by-Wire system can be switched easily and it can satisfy the demand for braking system of the intelligent vehicle. However, when the driving mode changes, the characteristic of the braking intention and braking demand will change. In order to improve the braking performance of the intelligent vehicle, hydraulic pressure control and parameter optimization of the Brake-by-Wire system during different driving modes should be different. Researches are made on hydraulic pressure control and parameter optimization of the Brake-by-Wire system with consideration on differences of braking intensity input and braking requirement between driver driving mode and automatic driving mode through theory analysis, Matlab/Simulink-AMESim simulation and bench test. The study is helpful for improving the braking performance of Brake-by-Wire system in hydraulic pressure control of driver-automation cooperative driving.

Understanding women’s mobile phone use in rural Kenya: An affordance-based approach

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Wyche ◽  
Nightingale Simiyu ◽  
Martha E. Othieno
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Mobile Phones ◽  
Mobile Communication ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Mobile Phone Use ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Rural Kenya ◽  
Pertinent Information ◽  
Definition Of

Increases in mobile phone ownership and Internet access throughout Africa continue to motivate initiatives to use information and communication technologies (ICTs)—in particular, mobile phones—to address long-standing socioeconomic problems in the “developing world.” While it is generally recognized that mobile phones may help to address these problems by providing pertinent information, less widely known is exactly how (and if) a handset’s human–computer interface—that is, its software and hardware design—supports this form of communication. The concept of “affordances” has long been used to answer such questions. In this paper, we use Hartson’s definition of affordances to qualitatively investigate rural Kenyan women’s interactions with their mobile phones. Our detailed analysis provides empirically grounded answers to questions about the cognitive, physical, and sensory affordances of handsets used in our field sites and how they support and/or constrain mobile communication. We then discuss the implications of our findings: in particular, how this affordance-based approach draws attention to mobile phones’ design features and to the context in which they and their users are embedded—a focus which suggests new design and research opportunities in mobile communication.

scholarly journals Sex in the brain: hormones and sex differences

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 373-383 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Sex Hormones ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Motor Coordination ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
New Era ◽  
Brain Functions ◽  
Opioid Sensitivity ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Brain

Contrary to popular belief, sex hormones act throughout the entire brain of both males and females via both genomic and nongenomic receptors. Many neural and behavioral functions are affected by estrogens, including mood, cognitive function, blood pressure regulation, motor coordination, pain, and opioid sensitivity. Subtle sex differences exist for many of these functions that are developmentally programmed by hormones and by not yet precisely defined genetic factors, including the mitochondrial genome. These sex differences, and responses to sex hormones in brain regions and upon functions not previously regarded as subject to such differences, indicate that we are entering a new era in our ability to understand and appreciate the diversity of gender-related behaviors and brain functions.

scholarly journals Establishment of a Highly Sensitive Analytical Method For Measurement of Monoamine Neurotransmitters Using Mass Spectrometry

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anri Hirai ◽  
Ryo Yamazaki ◽  
Atsushi Kobayashi ◽  
Takashi Kimura ◽  
Kei Nomiyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Analytical Method ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Monoamine Neurotransmitters ◽  
Chemical Substances ◽  
Brain Functions ◽  
Spontaneous Movements ◽  
Highly Sensitive

Abstract Monoamine neurotransmitters (MAs), including dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5-HT), regulate brain functions such as behavior, memory, and learning. Neonicotinoids are pesticides that are being used more frequently. Neonicotinoid exposure has been observed to produce neurological symptoms, such as altered spontaneous movements and anxiety-like behaviors, which are suspected to be caused by altered MA levels. However, current neurotoxicity tests are not sufficiently sensitive to make these determinations. In this study, we performed some behavior tests and developed a sensitive and accurate analytical method using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to clarify the effects of neonicotinoid administration on MAs in the brain.We orally administered the neonicotinoid imidacloprid (0, 10, and 50 mg/kg body weight) to C57BL/6NCrSlc mice. In behavior tests, the decrease of activity was observed. The LC-MS/MS quantification of MAs in various brain regions by tetrafluoroborate salt of 2,4-diphenyl-pyranylium (DPP) derivatization, which was newly developed in this study, showed a decrease in some MA levels in the olfactory bulb and the striatum.Thus, in this study, we developed a new method for the sensitive detection of MAs by LC/MS using DPP derivatization. In addition, we showed that this sensitive MA quantification is effective in clarifying the neurotoxicity caused by chemical substances.

Psychosocial Factor Evaluation in Metal-Mechanic Workers With Particular Reference to Mental Load

2020 ◽  
pp. 138-160
Author(s):  
Julio Cesar Cano Gutierrez ◽  
Jesús Everardo Olguín Tiznado ◽  
Claudia Camargo Wilson ◽  
Juan Andrés López Barreras
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Mental Workload ◽  
Psychosocial Factor ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
International Labour Organization ◽  
Mental Load ◽  
Metalworking Industry ◽  
Lack Of Control ◽  
Factor Evaluation

The International Labour Organization (ILO) considers mental workload one of the most important psychosocial risk factors associated with the characteristics of the task and paramount in the metalworking industry. The objective was to analyze the levels of risk of the psychosocial factors that workers present, considering their physical, social, and mental environment, to respond to the Mexican Official Norm NOM-035-STPS and the ILO guidelines. The methodology consisted of applying to 125 workers a questionnaire of 74 items with 10 factors. The answers were assigned a score of 0 to 4 to later determine the risk level of each factor. The results revealed that the factors with the highest risk are working hours (93%), workload (71%), and lack of control over work (34%). It is concluded that the higher risk factors affect the mental workload of workers in the metalworking industry and associated with the characteristics of the tasks they perform.

scholarly journals Potential Role of Neuroactive Tryptophan Metabolites in Central Fatigue: Establishment of the Fatigue Circuit

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 117864692093627
Author(s):  
Masatoshi Yamashita
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Memory Function ◽  
Dynamic Change ◽  
Central Fatigue ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Kynurenine Pathway ◽  
Treadmill Running ◽  
Brain Functions ◽  
Tryptophan Metabolites

Central fatigue leads to reduced ability to perform mental tasks, disrupted social life, and impaired brain functions from childhood to old age. Regarding the neurochemical mechanism, neuroactive tryptophan metabolites are thought to play key roles in central fatigue. Previous studies have supported the “tryptophan-serotonin enhancement hypothesis” in which tryptophan uptake into extensive brain regions enhances serotonin production in the rat model of exercise-induced fatigue. However, serotonin was transiently released after 30 minutes of treadmill running to exhaustion, but this did not reflect the duration of fatigue. In addition, as the vast majority of tryptophan is metabolized along the kynurenine pathway, possible involvement of the tryptophan-kynurenine pathway in the mechanism of central fatigue induction has been pointed out. More recently, our study demonstrated that uptake of tryptophan and kynurenine derived from the peripheral circulation into the brain enhances kynurenic acid production in rat brain in sleep deprivation–induced central fatigue, but without change in serotonin activity. In particular, dynamic change in glial-neuronal interactive processes within the hypothalamus-hippocampal circuit causes central fatigue. Furthermore, increased tryptophan-kynurenine pathway activity in this circuit causes reduced memory function. This indicates a major potential role for the endogenous tryptophan-kynurenine pathway in central fatigue, which supports the “tryptophan-kynurenine enhancement hypothesis.” Here, we review research on the basic neuronal mechanism underlying central fatigue induced by neuroactive tryptophan metabolites. Notably, these basic findings could contribute to our understanding of latent mental problems associated with central fatigue.

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