scholarly journals Phytocompounds of Bistorta macrophylla (D. Don) Sojak. as bioavailability enhancers of fluconazole and amphotericin B to better manage Candida species infections

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajan Rolta ◽  
Shivani Shukla ◽  
Anjali Kashyap ◽  
Vikas Kumar ◽  
Anuradha Sourirajan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Docking ◽  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Antifungal Antibiotics ◽  
Stomach Pain ◽  
Antifungal Action

Abstract Bistorta macrophylla (D. Don) Sojak. is a medicinal plant of high altitude and so far, not been scientifically explored? Since prehistoric times, B. macrophylla has been used to cure stomach pain, pyretic fever, flu, lungs infections, diarrhea, vomiting. The present research was aimed to examine the phytochemicals, antifungal, and synergistic potential of methanolic extracts of B. macrophylla. Methanolic extract of B. macrophylla was found to have high phenolic (191.18 ± 29.18 mg g−1 GAE) and flavonoid (26.71 ± 3.21 mg g−1 RE) content. Methanolic extract also demonstrate strong antifungal action with diameter of zone of inhibition of 17.5±0.5 mm (fungicidal) against both the strains of C. albicans (MTCC277 and ATCC90028). The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of methanolic extract was found to be 62.5 µg ml−1 against C. albicans (MTCC277 and ATCC90028). In addition, the combination of methanolic extract of B. macrophylla with antifungal antibiotics (fluconazole and amphotericin B) showed synergistic interaction with MIC reduction from 4-128 folds against both candida strains. GC-MS analysis of methanolic extract revealed the presence of 15 major phytocompounds with area more than 1%. Molecular docking showed that sucrose and 9,9-Dimethoxybicyclo [ 3.3.1] nona-2,4-dione has highest binding energy of -6.3 and -5.1 KJ/mol against Cytochrome P450 14 alpha-sterol Demethylase (PDB ID: 1EA1) protein respectively. Combination of methanolic extract of B. macrophylla with antifungal antibiotics (fluconazole, amphotericin B) can be used to treat drug-resistant candida.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial, Phytochemical Analysis and Molecular Docking (In-silico Approach) of Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl.) A. Gray and Jatropha gossypiifolia L on Selected Clinical and Multi-Drug Resistant Isolates

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
A. F. Okiti ◽  
O. T. Osuntokun
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Molecular Docking ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Minimum Bactericidal Concentration ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Tithonia Diversifolia ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Zones Of Inhibition ◽  
Jatropha Gossypiifolia

The aim of this study is to determine the zones of inhibition, phytochemical screening and molecular docking (In-silico Approach) of Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl.) A. Gray and Jatropha gossypiifolia L against selected clinical and multi drug resistant isolates. Crude extraction of air dried leaves were carried out by soaking the plant in ethanol and ethyl acetate, standard agar diffusion method was used for sensitivity testing, minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration values were obtained by agar dilution method. The antimicrobial activity of the leaf extracts of T. diversifolia (Hemsl.) A. Gray and J. gossypiifolia L was assayed against Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi, Shigella dysentriae, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Candida albican and against multi drug resistant bacteria which are Acinetobacter baumannii, Enterobacter agglomerans, Proteus mirabilis, Providencia stuartii, Salmonella subsp 3b. Levofloxacin and fluconazole were the standard antibiotics used. Sensitivity test revealed the highest zone of inhibition observed for J. gossypiifolia L and T. diversifolia (Hemsl.) A. Gray against Candida albican with mean and standard deviation of 29±1.414 and 19.5±0.707 at 100 mg/ml respectively, while the least zone of inhibition was observed from the extracts of J. gossypiifolia L against Escherichia coli with 11.75±0.354 at 100 mg/ml. Both plant extracts showed antimicrobial activity against multi drug resistant isolates having zones of inhibition ranging from 0 to 15±1.414. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration of the extracts ranges between 6.25 and 100 mg/ml as well as the Minimum Bactericidal Concentration. The qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analysis showed the presence of alkaloids, anthraquinone, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids, phlobotannins, reducing sugars saponins, steroids and tannins. Molecular docking of the phytochemicals of T. diversifolia (Hemsl.) A. Gray only was carried out using levofloxacin as template, which revealed the presence of compounds more effective in inhibiting DNA gyrase enzyme. Thus, the use of both plants as traditional medicine is justifiable and should be encouraged in the formulation and production of new antibiotics.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial and anti-oxidant potential of Periploca hydaspidis

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafi Ullah ◽  
Jehan Bakht ◽  
Mohammad Shafi
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Aqueous Fraction ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
Diffusion Assay

<p>The present study investigates antimicrobial and anti-oxidant potential of different solvent extracted samples from <em>Periploca hydaspidis </em>through disc diffusion assay. The data revealed that all the extracts reduced the growth of the tested microbes using three different concentrations. <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa </em>and <em>E. coli</em> were sensitive to crude extracts and all fractions measuring varying degree of growth inhibition.  Similarly, the growth of <em>Citrobacter freundii</em> was not inhibited by crude methanolic extracts, n-hexane, ethyl acetate and aqueous extracted samples. Maximum growth inhibition was measured against <em>Klebsiella pneumoniae</em> exposed to aqueous fraction followed by n-hexane fraction. Our results also suggested that among various fungi, <em>Candida albicans</em> was sensitive to crude methanolic extracts, n-hexane and aqueous fractions compared with other fractions. The rest of the fungi under test were resistant to crude and all fractions showing no zone of inhibition. All the extracted samples of the stems and roots showed antioxidant activity, however, crude methanolic extract of stem tissues exhibited better antioxidant activity than the other extracts.</p>

scholarly journals Evaluation of Antibacterial Activity of Aqueous, Ethanolic and Methanolic Extracts of Areca Nut Fruit on Selected Bacteria

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Neda Jam ◽  
Reza Hajimohammadi ◽  
Parvin Gharbani ◽  
Ali Mehrizad
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Enterobacter Aerogenes ◽  
Areca Nut ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Antibacterial Effects ◽  
Fruit Extracts ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Agar Disc

Today, the tendency to use of natural preservatives to increase food security has expanded. In the present study, antibacterial effects of Areca Nut fruit extracts were evaluated against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica, and Enterobacter aerogenes bacteria using agar disc diffusion technique. Methanol, ethanol, and water were used as solvents for extraction by maceration method, and extracts were analyzed by GC-MS. The antibacterial activity was evaluated using microtiter broth dilution method to determine minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). Results revealed that all ATCC strains were significantly inhibited by ethanolic and methanolic extracts. Escherichia coli produced a significantly larger zone of inhibition for Gentamicin ( 35 ± 0.65   mm ) and Penicillin ( 25   mm ± 0.56 ), while Enterobacter aerogenes produced smaller zone of inhibition for Gentamicin (20 ± 0.87 mm) and Penicillin ( 15 ± 0.87   mm ). Also, methanolic extract had considerable antibacterial activity with MIC value of 1.56 mg/mL against Escherichia coli. All of extracts were used to evaluate antibacterial effects in prepared cake, and as a result, all pathogenies were the most sensitive by methanolic extract in 100 mg/L of concentration except Escherichia coli that were more sensitive by ethanolic extract. In conclusion, the Areca Nut fruit extracts may be used as a natural preservative in food industries. Future studies should focus on the effect of Areca Nut fruit extracts in bakery and drinking industries.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Activity of Opuntia cochenillifera (L.) Mill Fruit and Cladode Extracts

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 84-89
Author(s):  
Pooja Suryawanshi ◽  
G.M. Vidyasagar
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Maximum Activity ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Agar Well Diffusion Assay ◽  
Diffusion Assay

In the present study the antimicrobial activity of chloroform and methanolic extracts of Opuntiacochenillifera for both cladode and fruits was investigated. Methanolic extract was found to be an effective against the microbes namely, E. coli,Bacillus subtilis,Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosaCandidaalbicanC.glabrataC.haemuloniiC.Tropicalis. Maximum activity was observed against E. coli, B. Subtilisand,C.albican and C.glabrata at 40mg/ml. Agar well diffusion assay was used to determine minimum inhibitory concentration of all test microorganisms.

scholarly journals Antibacterial Effects of Natural Herbal Extracts on Streptococcus mutans: Can They Be Potential Additives in Dentifrices?

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Spoorthi Banavar Ravi ◽  
Sudarshini Nirupad ◽  
Prashanthi Chippagiri ◽  
Rohit Pandurangappa
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Herbal Extracts ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Antibacterial Effects ◽  
Specific Test ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Test Concentration

Background. Many plants or herbs exhibit potent antimicrobial activity against various microorganisms. They have no side effects and presumably act against and modulate the factors that are crucial for microbial survival or their activity. Streptococcus mutans is a pioneer bacteria implicated in dental caries. This study aims to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of garlic bulbs, pudina leaves, and mango and eucalyptus twig extracts on Streptococcus mutans by evaluating their zone of inhibition and determining their minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Methods. Microbiological assay (well diffusion method) to determine zone of inhibition against pure forms of Streptococcus mutans was performed. The antibacterial effects of methanolic extracts of mango twigs, eucalyptus twigs, pudina leaves, and garlic bulbs were studied. Test compounds were further evaluated for their MIC. Results. Extracts derived from mango and eucalyptus twigs showed significant antibacterial effects at test concentrations. Pudina and garlic extracts did not show any significant antibacterial effects at similar concentrations. Upon further evaluation of the 2 positive compounds for their MIC, mango twigs demonstrated more antimicrobial potential than eucalyptus twigs at a lower concentration. Conclusion. Our observations indicated that the mango twig extracts possess higher antibacterial effects against Streptococcus mutans than other compounds at specific test concentration.

scholarly journals Screening of antibacterial and antifungal activities of selected Macedonian wild mushrooms

2013 ◽  
pp. 333-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Nikolovska-Nedelkoska ◽  
Natalija Atanasova-Pancevska ◽  
Haris Amedi ◽  
Dafina Veleska ◽  
Emilija Ivanova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal Activities ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal

Regarding the development of novel safe antimicrobials of natural origin, macrofungi became attractive for the researchers in the last decade. In this study, antimicrobial potential of methanolic extracts of six wild macromycetes (Boletus lupinus, Flammulina velutypes, Phellinus igniarius, Sarcodon imbricatus, Tricholoma aurantium, Xerocomus ichnusanus) was evaluated. In vitro antimicrobial activity was investigated by the microdilution method and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined. Testing was conducted against eleven microorganisms, including six strains of bacteria and five species of fungi. Extracts showed selective antimicrobial properties while the activities depended both on the species of microorganism and on the type and concentration of extract. The evaluated extracts demonstrated antimicrobial activity, exhibiting more potent inhibitory effects on the growth of bacteria than on fungi. The highest antibacterial and antifungal activity was observed in methanolic extract of polypore fungus P. igniarius.

scholarly journals ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY OF THE ASSOCIATION OF CARVACROL WITH AMPHOTERICIN B OR WITH KETOCONAZOLE

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (31) ◽  
pp. 12-17
Author(s):  
Gustavo Lima SOARES ◽  
Brenda Lavínia Calixto dos SANTOS ◽  
Brenna Ravena Araújo LUZ ◽  
Wylly Araújo de OLIVEIRA
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
Aspergillus Species ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method ◽  
Antifungal Action

Aspergillus species are a cause of a high number of fungal infections of difficult treatment, presenting an expressive number of deaths due to the complications in the severe cases of infection. The objective was to evaluate the antifungal action of carvacrol against Aspergillus species, as well as to evaluate the interactions when associated with amphotericin B or ketoconazole. The antifungal activity of carvacrol was evaluated by the broth microdilution method. The combinations of the substances were performed by the checkerboard methodology, to determine the Index of Fractional Inhibitory Concentration. Carvacrol showed antifungal activity against all Aspergillus strains used in the trials. In combinations of substances, only a combination of carvacrol and amphotericin B presented satisfactory results. Combinations of carvacrol and ketoconazole have not shown good. It is concluded that carvacrol is a good candidate for the antifungal drug because of its good activity against Aspergillus demonstrated in the present study, as well as in other studies in the literature. Their combination in vitro with amphotericin B or ketoconazole did not present any advantages over the use of antifungal drugs alone.

scholarly journals Phytochemical, antibacterial and antioxidant screening of Artemisia santolinifolia various parts

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. e37061
Author(s):  
Tabinda Nowsheen ◽  
Ali Hazrat ◽  
Sayed Wadood Ali Shah ◽  
Shabana Bibi ◽  
Afshan Begum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
Antioxidant Potential ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Positive Bacterium ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Methanolic Extracts

The current study was carried out to explore the phytochemical, antioxidant potential and antibacterial activities of the crude methanolic extract of A. santolinifolia Turcz. Ex Besser. The antioxidant activity was carried out by using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2’-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) assay, while methanolic extract displayed the highest scavenging activity (DPPH) was 61.31µg/ml on Artemisia santolinifolia root and the lowest (51.05µg/ml) was record for their leaves. Similarly, in (ABTS) the highest activity (89.16µg/ml) was recorded for roots of A. santolinifolia followed by leaves (68.14µg/ml). In low inhibitory concentration assay, the crude methanolic extracts showed significant inhibition against all tested microbes on different concentrations like 25 µg/ml, 50 µg/ml, and 100 µg/ml. The leaves extract of A. santolinifolia AsL showed MIC of 12.5µg/ml for B. subtilis, a gram-positive bacterium, 50µg/ml for gram positive bacteria S. aureus and 37.5 µg/ml for gram negative bacteria P. aeruginosa that is almost equal to the response of standard ciprofloxacin. Our current study revealed that Artemisia santolinifolia root (AsR) exhibited a significant antioxidant potential while AsL showed good antibacterial effect which is suggested to be used for treatment and management of different infectious diseases.

scholarly journals Phytochemical screening of Pulsatilla species and investigation of their biological activities

2019 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Grażyna Łaska ◽  
Aneta Sienkiewicz ◽  
Marcin Stocki ◽  
Jordan K. Zjawiony ◽  
Vimal Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chromatographic Analysis ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Mammalian Cell Lines ◽  
Pulsatilla Patens

The present study aimed to identify biologically active secondary metabolites from the rare plant species, <em>Pulsatilla patens</em> subsp. <em>patens</em> and the cultivated <em>P. vulgaris</em> subsp. <em>vulgaris</em>. Chromatographic fractionation of the ethanolic extract of the roots of <em>P. patens</em> subsp. <em>patens</em> resulted in the isolation of two oleanane-type glycosides identified as hederagenin 3-<em>O</em>-β-d-glucopyranoside (2.7 mg) and hederagenin 3-<em>O</em>-β-d-galactopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-d-glucopyranoside (3.3 mg, patensin). HPLC analysis of the methanolic extract of the crude root of <em>P. patens</em> subsp. <em>patens</em> and <em>P. vulgaris</em> subsp. <em>vulgaris</em> revealed the presence of <em>Pulsatilla</em> saponin D (hederagenin 3-<em>O</em>-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl(1→2)-[β-d-glucopyranosyl(1→4)]-α-l-arabinopyranoside). Chromatographic analysis using GC-MS of the silylated methanolic extracts from the leaves and roots of these species identified the presence of carboxylic acids, such as benzoic, caffeic, malic, and succinic acids. The extracts from <em>Pulsatilla</em> species were tested for their antifungal, antimicrobial, and antimalarial activities, and cytotoxicity to mammalian cell lines. Both <em>P. patens</em> subsp. <em>patens</em> and <em>P. vulgaris</em> subsp. <em>vulgaris</em> were active against the fungus <em>Candida glabrata</em> with the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC<sub>50</sub>) values of 9.37 µg/mL and 11 µg/mL, respectively. The IC<sub>50</sub> values for cytotoxicity evaluation were in the range of 32–38 μg/mL for <em>P. patens</em> subsp. <em>patens</em> and 35–57 μg/mL for <em>P. vulgaris</em> subsp. <em>vulgaris</em> for each cell line, indicating general cytotoxic activity throughout the panel of evaluated cancer and noncancer cells.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Antimicrobial Activity of Olive and Rosemary Leave Extracts Prepared with Different Solvents Against Antibiotic-Resistant Escherichia coli

2021 ◽  
Vol In Press (In Press) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bahman Fazeli-Nasab ◽  
Moharam Valizadeh ◽  
Mohammad Amir Hassanzadeh ◽  
Maryam Beigomi
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Methanolic Extracts

Background: This study was done to investigate the antimicrobial activity of rosemary and olive extracts on antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli isolated from quail feces in Zabol city. Methods: Ethanolic and methanolic extracts of rosemary (leaf) and olive (leaf) plants were prepared using a rotary apparatus. Also, E. coli strains were isolated from poultry feces samples, the minimum inhibitory concentration and the minimum bactericidal concentration were determined by the microdilution method. Results: The lowest values of MIC and MBC against E. coli were 12.5 ppm and 25 ppm for rosemary ethanolic extract and 25 ppm and 50 ppm for rosemary methanolic extract, respectively. The lowest values of MIC and MBC against E. coli were 12.5 ppm and 25 ppm for olive ethanolic extract and 6.25 ppm and 12.5 ppm for olive methanolic extract, respectively. Conclusions: In general, methanol solvent and olive extract are highly effective against E. coli. Due to the obtained results and increasing resistance of bacteria to chemical antibiotics, it is suggested that with further studies on olives and the use of methanol solvent in the extraction of plant extracts, antibacterial compounds of olives and other plants be used in the treatment of bacterial infections.

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