scholarly journals Evaluation of the Anticonvulsant Activities of Gastrodia Elata Bl.- Acorus Tatarinowii Decoction on Experimentally Induced Seizures in Mice

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xirui He ◽  
Yan Yang ◽  
Xufang Yuan ◽  
Yin Sun
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Anticonvulsant Effect ◽  
Maximal Electroshock ◽  
Gastrodia Elata ◽  
Seizure Severity ◽  
Acute Seizures ◽  
Acorus Tatarinowii

Abstract Epilepsy is a serious public health problem in the world. At present, the effect of drug treatment of epilepsy is are not satisfactory. Medicinal plants as pharmaceuticals and for healthcare treatments in the management of epilepsy in China for many centuries. Especially, Gastrodia elata Bl.-Acorus tatarinowii, as a classic and important herb pairs in folk medicine, has been used in folk medicine to control seizures. However, the animal experiment data of its anticonvulsant effect is limited in the literature. The objective of this study was to mainly analyze the anticonvulsant activity of Gastrodia elata-Acorus tatarinowii (GEAT) decoction in maximal electroshock (MES), pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) and trimercaptopropionic acid (3-MP) induced seizures in mice, providing scientific basis for the treatment of convulsive disorders in traditional medicine. In addition, the improvement effect were examined on seizure severity, anxiety, cognitive dysfunction, inflammation and oxidative stress in PTZ kindled mice. The results showed that GEAT decoction dose-dependently protected mice against MES, 3-MP and PTZ induced acute seizures. Meanwhile, GEAT decoction ameliorated seizure severity, decreased the accumulation of inflammatory mediators TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, mitigated oxidative stress, as well as alleviated anxious-like behavior and cognitive deficits in PTZ-kindled mice. Our data evidenced that the anticonvulsant properties attributed to GEAT decoction as adjunctive therapy for epileptic patients in folk medicine.

Verapamil enhances the anticonvulsant effect of oxcarbazepine in the maximal electroshock-induced seizure model in mice

2009 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-124
Author(s):  
Anna Zadrożniak ◽  
MichaŁ K. Trojnar ◽  
Marcin P. Trojnar ◽  
Żaneta Kimber-Trojnar ◽  
Monika Dudra-Jastrzębska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anticonvulsant Effect ◽  
Maximal Electroshock ◽  
Seizure Model

Potential anticonvulsants: Substituted N-benzylidene derivatives of 10-(4-aminopiperazino)-10,11-dihydrodibenzo[b,f]thiepins

1983 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 1173-1186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Václav Bártl ◽  
Jiří Holubek ◽  
Emil Svátek ◽  
Marie Bartošová ◽  
Miroslav Protiva
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Hypotensive Activity ◽  
Anticonvulsant Effect ◽  
Maximal Electroshock ◽  
Soluble Salts ◽  
Sleeping Time ◽  
Central Depression ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
Electroshock Seizures

Reactions of 10-(4-aminopiperazino)-10,11-dihydrodibenzo[b,f]thiepins XIVa-XIVd with benzaldehyde, 3,4-dimethoxybenzaldehyde, 4-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde, salicylaldehyde, 3-ethoxy-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, 2-(2-dimethylaminoethoxy)benzaldehyde, 3-(2-dimethylaminoethoxy)benzaldehyde and 3-ethoxy-4-(2-dimethylaminoethoxy)benzaldehyde afforded a series of 19 hydrazones IIIa-Xc. Some of them showed the expected anticonvulsant effect but only towards pentetrazole; antagonism of maximal electroshock seizures was not observed. In general, the products have a character of tranquillizers: in higher does they produce central depression, potentiate the thiopental sleeping time, have hypothermic action; in single cases antiamphetamine, antireserpine, antihistamine and cataleptic effects were observed. The water-soluble salts of the basic hydrazones VIIIa, VIIIc, IXc and Xc, administered parenterally, showed a rather high acute toxicity and revealed also adrenolytic and hypotensive activity.

scholarly journals Oxidative Stress and Cognitive Alterations Induced by Cancer Chemotherapy Drugs: A Scoping Review

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1116
Author(s):  
Omar Cauli
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Repeated Administration ◽  
Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Chemotherapy Drugs ◽  
Scientific Attention ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Cognitive Alterations

Cognitive impairment is one of the most deleterious effects of chemotherapy treatment in cancer patients, and this problem sometimes remains even after chemotherapy ends. Common classes of chemotherapy-based regimens such as anthracyclines, taxanes, and platinum derivatives can induce both oxidative stress in the blood and in the brain, and these effects can be reproduced in neuronal and glia cell cultures. In rodent models, both the acute and repeated administration of doxorubicin or adriamycin (anthracyclines) or cisplatin impairs cognitive functions, as shown by their diminished performance in different learning and memory behavioural tasks. Administration of compounds with strong antioxidant effects such as N-acetylcysteine, gamma-glutamyl cysteine ethyl ester, polydatin, caffeic acid phenethyl ester, and 2-mercaptoethane sulfonate sodium (MESNA) counteract both oxidative stress and cognitive alterations induced by chemotherapeutic drugs. These antioxidant molecules provide the scientific basis to design clinical trials in patients with the aim of reducing the oxidative stress and cognitive alterations, among other probable central nervous system changes, elicited by chemotherapy in cancer patients. In particular, N-acetylcysteine and MESNA are currently used in clinical settings and are therefore attracting scientific attention.

The protective effects of carvacrol and thymol against paracetamol–induced toxicity on human hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines (HepG2)

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (12) ◽  
pp. 1252-1263 ◽  
Author(s):  
SS Palabiyik ◽  
E Karakus ◽  
Z Halici ◽  
E Cadirci ◽  
Y Bayir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Hepg2 Cells ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Hepatoprotective Activity ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
And Oxidative Stress ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose could induce liver damage and lead to acute liver failure. The treatment of APAP overdoses could be improved by new therapeutic strategies. Thymus spp., which has many beneficial effects and has been used in folk medicine, is one such potential strategy. In the present study, the hepatoprotective activity of the main constituents of Thymus spp., carvacrol and thymol, were evaluated in light of APAP-induced hepatotoxicity. We hoped to understand the hepatoprotective mechanism of these agents on the antioxidant system and pro-inflammatory cytokines in vitro. Dose-dependent effects of thymol and carvacrol (25, 50, and 100 µM) were tested on cultured HepG2 cells. N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) was tested as positive control. We showed that APAP inhibited HepG2 cell growth by inducing inflammation and oxidative stress. Incubating APAP-exposed HepG2 cells with carvacrol and thymol for 24 h ameliorated this inflammation and oxidative stress. We also evaluated alanine transaminase and lactate dehydrogenase levels of HepG2 cells. We found that thymol and carvacrol protected against APAP-induced toxicity in HepG2 cells by increasing antioxidant activity and reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin 1β. Taking together high-dose thymol and carvacrol treatment has an effect close to NAC treatment in APAP toxicity, but thymol has better treatment effect than carvacrol.

scholarly journals Neuroprotection by Brazilian Green Propolis againstIn vitroandIn vivoIschemic Neuronal Damage

2005 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masamitsu Shimazawa ◽  
Satomi Chikamatsu ◽  
Nobutaka Morimoto ◽  
Satoshi Mishima ◽  
Hiroichi Nagai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cerebral Ischemia ◽  
Neuronal Damage ◽  
Focal Cerebral Ischemia ◽  
Brain Infarction ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Neuroprotective Function ◽  
Brazilian Green Propolis

We examined whether Brazilian green propolis, a widely used folk medicine, has a neuroprotective functionin vitroand/orin vivo.In vitro, propolis significantly inhibited neurotoxicity induced in neuronally differentiated PC12 cell cultures by either 24 h hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) exposure or 48 h serum deprivation. Regarding the possible underlying mechanism, propolis protected against oxidative stress (lipid peroxidation) in mouse forebrain homogenates and scavenged free radicals [induced by diphenyl-p-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). In micein vivo, propolis [30 or 100 mg/kg; intraperitoneally administered four times (at 2 days, 1 day and 60 min before, and at 4 h after induction of focal cerebral ischemia by permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion)] reduced brain infarction at 24 h after the occlusion. Thus, a propolis-induced inhibition of oxidative stress may be partly responsible for its neuroprotective function againstin vitrocell death andin vivofocal cerebral ischemia.

scholarly journals Role of Oxidative Stress as a Marker of Cardiovascular Risk in Children on Regular Hemodialysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 416-421
Author(s):  
Muhammad Abrar ◽  
Mazhar Nadeem ◽  
Sunila Fatima
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Prognostic Significance ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Dialysis Session ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Regular Hemodialysis

Introduction: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major public health problem worldwide, and its main consequences include loss of renal function leading to end-stage renal disease (ESRD), increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), significant increase in morbidity and mortality, and a decrease in health-related quality of life. Aims and Objectives: The basic aim of the study is to analyze the oxidative stress and total antioxidant capacity as a biomarker of cardiovascular risk in those children who are on regular hemodialysis. Materials and Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted at DHQ hospital, Faisalabad during July 2020 to January 2021. The data were collected from the age of less than 18 years children of both sexes. There were 50 children who was selected for this study. At the time of the study, all the patients were on regular three HD sessions per week. In HD patients, venous blood samples were drawn immediately before and after hemodialysis session. Baseline laboratory investigations were carried out for all patients and controls including complete blood count, serum urea and creatinine, arterial pH, arterial blood gases and infection screening, which included blood and urinary cultures by standard methods.  Results: The data were collected from 50 dialysis patients. The mean age of this study is 15years. We collected all the demographic data of patients. The mean value of Urea is 64.34±2.44 mg/dl). At before-dialysis session, duration of disease positively correlated with TPX (r = 0.969, P <0.001), but, negatively correlated with TAC (r = −0.469, P <0.002). At after-dialysis session, HIF-1α negatively correlated with each of TPX (r = −0.529, P <0.001) and OSI (r = −0.459, P <0.003); while, OSI positively correlated with TPX (r = 0.944, P <0.001). Conclusion: It is concluded that HD patients, the clinical and prognostic significance of oxidative status associated with cardiovascular risk factors is very different from the general population. Although a direct causality cannot be inferred from such kind of correlative investigations.

scholarly journals Effects of Hydroethanolic Extract of Adenia lobata (Jacq.) Engl. (Passifloraceae) on Nociception and Subsequent Anxiety-like Behavior: Both Anti-inflammatory and Antioxidant Approaches

2021 ◽  
pp. 10-22
Author(s):  
Pacôme Kouadio N’Go ◽  
Lazare Tehoua ◽  
Eric-Kevin Gbouhoury Bolou ◽  
Aicha Salamentou Touré ◽  
Antoine Némé Tako
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Experimental Pain ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Protein Thiol ◽  
Hot Plate ◽  
Hot Plate Test ◽  
Stress Markers ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Hydroethanolic Extract

Aims: Adenia lobata (Jacq.) Engl. (Passifloraceae) is widely used in Ivorian traditional pharmacopeia to heal various chronic diseases, relieve headache and pain of gingiva inflammation, and facilitate labor. Here, we investigated the effects of hydroethanolic extract Adenia lobata (HEAL) on nociceptive pain and subsequent anxiety-like behavior. Materials and Methods: We used several experimental pain tests as the writhing, formalin and hot plate to evaluate both antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory actions of the extract. Anxiety related to nociception was tested with open field and elevated plus maze tests. Then, mice were sacrificed for assessing some oxidative stress markers.    Results: The extract of 30 mg/kg, p.o. reduced in the similar manner as reference peripheral drug salcylicacetic acid (ASA, 200 mg/kg, i.p.) the number of writhings induced by acid acetic. In both neurogenic and inflammatory phases of formalin test, the extract demonstrated an effective antinociceptive activity than ASA, but comparable to central analgesic tramadol (50 mg/kg, i.p). However, Adenia lobata reduced lesser thermal-induced pain than tramadol in hot plate test, but significantly compared to ASA. Furthermore, HEAL altered anxiety-like behavior in each case of the pain condition studied. Also, the extract showed the highest antioxidant activity by reduction oxide nitric (NO) and malondialdehyde (MDA), and increase non protein thiol (NP-SH) levels.     Conclusion: In conclusion, HEAL possesses antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory actions on peripheral and central mechanisms of pain. The phytochemicals components of the extract as alkaloids and flavonoids suggest to interact with the opioid system and combat the oxidative stress, respectively. Our findings provide scientific basis for the use of Adenia lobata in traditional medicine against pain and related diseases.

scholarly journals NEW WORLD LEISHMANIOSIS IN RUSSIAN TOURISTS WHO VISITED SOUTH AMERICAN COUNTRIES AND THE FIRST EXPERIENCE OF THE TREATMENT WITH PERU BALSAM

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-112
Author(s):  
A. M Bronshteyn ◽  
N. G Kochergin ◽  
N. A Malyshev ◽  
V. Ya Lashin ◽  
S. V Burova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
New World ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
South American ◽  
Parasite Resistance ◽  
Local Species

Two cases of New World cutaneous leishmaniasis acquired by Russian tourists in Peru and possibly in Bolivia are presented. L. viannia ( L.braziliensis complex) was identified in Liverpool School of Tropical medicine in the patient travelled to Bolivia. The present study aimed to investigate Balsamum peruvianum one of the product of folk medicine of Indians of Amazon region against local species of Leishmania resulted in healing the ulcers. Leishmaniasis is a major public health problem, and the alarming spread of parasite resistance has increased the importance of discovering new therapeutic products.

scholarly journals Reductions in Hydrogen Sulfide Precede Onset of Mitochondrial Quality Control in the Corneal Kindled Mouse Model of Epilepsy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christi Cho ◽  
Maxwell Zeigler ◽  
Stephanie Mizuno ◽  
Richard S. Morrison ◽  
Rheem Totah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Brain Homogenate ◽  
Maximal Electroshock ◽  
Maximal Electroshock Seizure ◽  
Mitochondrial Stress ◽  
Acute Seizures ◽  
Related Proteins

Epilepsy is a heterogenous neurological disorder characterized by recurrent unprovoked seizures, mitochondrial stress, and neurodegeneration. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), a gasotransmitter, promotes mitochondrial function and biogenesis, elicits neuromodulation and neuroprotection, and may acutely suppress seizures. A major gap in knowledge remains in understanding the role of mitochondrial dysfunction and progressive changes in H2S levels following acute seizures and during epileptogenesis. We thus sought to quantify changes in H2S and its methylated metabolite (MeSH) via LC-MS/MS subsequent to acute maximal electroshock and 6 Hz 44 mA seizures in mice, as well as in the corneal kindled mouse model of chronic seizures. Plasma H2S was acutely reduced after a maximal electroshock seizure. H2S or MeSH levels in whole brain homogenate and expression of related genes in corneal kindled mice were not altered. However, plasma H2S and MeSH levels were significantly lower during kindling, but not after established kindling. Morever, we demonstrated a time-dependent increase in expression of mitochondrial membrane integrity-related proteins, Opa1, Mfn2, Drp1, and Mff during kindling, which did not correlate with gene expression. Taken together, short-term reductions in plasma H2S could be a novel biomarker for seizures. Future studies should further define the role of H2S and mitochondrial stress in epilepsy.

Malnutrition Essentials for Neurologists and Neurosurgeons: A Review of the Literature

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alican Tahta ◽  
Yaşar B. Turgut ◽  
Cem Şahin
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Immune Deficiency ◽  
Surgical Outcome ◽  
Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Oxidative Stress Status ◽  
Essential Knowledge

AbstractMalnutrition still causes deaths in the world today and protein energy malnutrition (PEM) is characterized by increased oxidative stress, immune deficiency, and development of various infections. Even today, however, it is an underrecognized and undertreated entity in neurology and neurosurgery. In this report, we therefore seek to review the available literature regarding various factors affecting surgical outcome of children with malnutrition undergoing some neurosurgical interventions including shunt surgery and traumatic brain injury in intensive care unit, in addition its effects upon oxidative stress status and immunity. Furthermore, we attempt to provide essential knowledge of malnutrition affecting surgical outcome of patients with PEM. Based on available evidence in the published literature, it is concluded that it is a serious public health problem characterized by increased oxidative stress, immune deficiency, and development of various infections.

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