Mental health of people living with HIV during the COVID-19 epidemic in Tokyo

Abstract Background The COVID-19 pandemic significantly impacts physical health and mental health. People living with HIV (PLWH) have a higher prevalence of psychiatric disorders than the general population. We examined the mental health of PLWH during the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan. Methods We retrospectively examined the medical records of PLWHs who underwent the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale-10, the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 at an HIV referral hospital in Tokyo. Stringency Index (SI) values were used to measure the intensity of social infection control measures. Results Between February 2020-May 2021, 30 PLWH were examined at least once. The median age was 49 years, 29 PLWH were on antiretroviral therapy, and the median CD4 count was 580.5/µL. A total of 30% of the patients experienced distress, 45% depression, and 21.4% generalized anxiety disorder. Fourteen PLWH were taken for a median of four tests (IQR:2.0-7.3) and classified into three types: 1) Moderate distress or mild depression or anxiety at the beginning that decreased gradually (six patients, 43%), 2) persistent severe distress, but moderate depression or anxiety gradually decreased (six patients, 43%), and 3) extremely severe distress and depression or anxiety continued to syncope with the SI values (two patients, 14%). Having no partners, unemployment, and a history of psychiatric diseases were more commonly observed in the highly severe mental health groups. Conclusions PLWH are more vulnerable to the COVID-19 pandemic than the general population, especially those with substantial social isolation. Attention should be paid to the mental health of PLWH.

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Prevalence and factors associated with the generalized anxiety disorder among people living with HIV/AIDS in Brazilian outpatient clinics

Revista de Medicina da UFC ◽

10.20513/2447-6595.2019v59n3p32-38 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 59 (3) ◽

pp. 32-38

Author(s):

Rafael Dantas Santana ◽

Carolina Saraiva Nunes Pinho ◽

Francisco Marto Leal Pinheiro Junior ◽

Fabrício Maicy Bezerra ◽

Malena Gadelha Cavalcante ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Anxiety Disorder ◽

Generalized Anxiety Disorder ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Northeastern Brazil ◽

Outpatient Clinics ◽

Generalized Anxiety ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Living With Hiv ◽

Hiv Aids

Introduction: The Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) is a chronic worrying disorder, which causes social and occupational impairment. Objective: The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of GAD among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) and to determine the associated socio-demographic and clinical factors. Methodology: We conducted a cross-sectional study between September 2014 and April 2015 at four HIV outpatient clinics in Fortaleza, Northeastern Brazil. We surveyed 257 individuals living with HIV/AIDS, aged > 18-years, of both sexes. Four modalities of instruments were used to collect the data: a socio-demographic questionnaire; the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview; the Hamilton’s Anxiety Scale; and chart data. Results: GAD prevalence was 14%. Female sex, CD4 200-500 versus < 200, CD4 > 500 versus < 200 and being homeless were associated in the multivariate model. Conclusion: The study demonstrates the necessity of proactively addressing mental health as well as physical health issues in HIV+ individuals.

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Prevalence, characteristics and comorbidities of anxiety disorders in France: Results from the “Mental Health in General Population” Survey (MHGP)

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.eurpsy.2009.12.001 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 26 (6) ◽

pp. 339-345 ◽

Cited By ~ 49

Author(s):

E. Leray ◽

A. Camara ◽

D. Drapier ◽

F. Riou ◽

N. Bougeant ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Anxiety Disorder ◽

General Population ◽

Anxiety Disorders ◽

Generalized Anxiety Disorder ◽

Low Income ◽

Adult Population ◽

Psychiatric Morbidity ◽

European Countries ◽

Generalized Anxiety

AbstractPurposeOnly a few European countries have carried out large, community-based, national surveys about psychiatric morbidity. Here is presented the first national French survey, aiming to estimate the prevalence of anxiety disorders and associated comorbidities according to sociodemographic characteristics.Materials and methodsThe Mental Health in General Population (MHGP) database is derived from a representative national survey of the French adult population (n = 36,105), conducted between 1999 and 2003. Data collection was done using an anonymous face-to-face interview. The presence of anxiety disorders (generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, agoraphobia, social phobia and post-traumatic stress disorder) was assessed using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview.ResultsThe overall prevalence of anxiety disorders was estimated to be 21.6%, generalized anxiety disorder being the most prevalent one (12.8%). Women, young people, and people earning low income were identified as the more at risk. Major depressive episode, alcohol abuse and drug addiction frequently co-occur with anxiety disorders (28.3, 4.4 and 2.8% respectively).ConclusionsThe MHGP study showed that anxiety disorders are highly prevalent in France with a high frequency of comorbidities. Our results highlight the need for considering anxiety disorders as a public health priority in France as well as in other European countries.

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Relationships between stroke, depression, generalized anxiety disorder and physical disability: some evidence from the Canadian Community Health Survey-Mental Health

Psychiatry Research ◽

10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113074 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 290 ◽

pp. 113074

Author(s):

Xinyuan Li ◽

Xianquan Wang

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Anxiety Disorder ◽

Community Health ◽

Generalized Anxiety Disorder ◽

Health Survey ◽

Physical Disability ◽

Canadian Community Health Survey ◽

Generalized Anxiety ◽

Community Health Survey

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Prevalence and correlates of generalized anxiety disorder in Singapore: Results from the second Singapore Mental Health Study

Journal of Anxiety Disorders ◽

10.1016/j.janxdis.2019.102106 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 66 ◽

pp. 102106 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Sherilyn Chang ◽

Edimansyah Abdin ◽

Saleha Shafie ◽

Rajeswari Sambasivam ◽

Janhavi Ajit Vaingankar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Anxiety Disorder ◽

Generalized Anxiety Disorder ◽

Health Study ◽

Generalized Anxiety ◽

Mental Health Study

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An examination of generalized anxiety disorder and dysthymic disorder by latent class analysis

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291713002225 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 44 (8) ◽

pp. 1701-1712 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

D. Rhebergen ◽

I. M. van der Steenstraten ◽

M. Sunderland ◽

R. de Graaf ◽

M. ten Have ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Anxiety Disorder ◽

Latent Class Analysis ◽

Generalized Anxiety Disorder ◽

Clinical Characteristics ◽

Latent Class ◽

Depressive Symptomatology ◽

Dysthymic Disorder ◽

Generalized Anxiety ◽

Class Analysis

BackgroundThe nosological status of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) versus dysthymic disorder (DD) has been questioned. The aim of this study was to examine qualitative differences within (co-morbid) GAD and DD symptomatology.MethodLatent class analysis was applied to anxious and depressive symptomatology of respondents from three population-based studies (2007 Australian National Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing; National Comorbidity Survey Replication; and Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study-2; together known as the Triple study) and respondents from a multi-site naturalistic cohort [Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety (NESDA)]. Sociodemographics and clinical characteristics of each class were examined.ResultsA three-class (Triple study) and two-class (NESDA) model best fitted the data, reflecting mainly different levels of severity of symptoms. In the Triple study, no division into a predominantly GAD or DD co-morbidity subtype emerged. Likewise, in spite of the presence of pure GAD and DD cases in the NESDA sample, latent class analysis did not identify specific anxiety or depressive profiles in the NESDA study. Next, sociodemographics and clinical characteristics of each class were examined. Classes only differed in levels of severity.ConclusionsThe absence of qualitative differences in anxious or depressive symptomatology in empirically derived classes questions the differentiation between GAD and DD.

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THE 10-ITEM KESSLER PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTRESS SCALE (K10) AND THE 7-ITEM GENERALIZED ANXIETY DISORDER SCALE (GAD-7): SCREENING INSTRUMENTS FOR A POPULATION OF OLDER ADULTS

The Gerontologist ◽

10.1093/geront/gnv482.03 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 55 (Suppl_2) ◽

pp. 87-87 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Psychological Distress ◽

Anxiety Disorder ◽

Generalized Anxiety Disorder ◽

Generalized Anxiety ◽

Screening Instruments ◽

Psychological Distress Scale ◽

Distress Scale ◽

Kessler Psychological Distress Scale

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Uncomplicated Depression as Normal Sadness

The Oxford Handbook of Mood Disorders ◽

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199973965.013.8 ◽

2016 ◽

pp. 82-94

Author(s):

Jerome C. Wakefield ◽

Allan V. Horwitz ◽

Lorenzo Lorenzo-Luaces

Keyword(s):

Major Depressive Disorder ◽

Anxiety Disorder ◽

Major Depression ◽

General Population ◽

Depressive Disorder ◽

Generalized Anxiety Disorder ◽

Research Program ◽

Generalized Anxiety ◽

Major Depressive ◽

Depressive Episodes

About half of all individuals meet the criteria for DSM-defined major depressive disorder (MDD) by the age of 30. These and other considerations suggest that MDD criteria are too inclusive and apply to individuals who are not ill but are experiencing normal sadness. This chapter reviews a research program that attempts to address this issue by examining “uncomplicated depression,” a subcategory of MDD that is hypothesized to consist of false positive diagnoses in which normal sadness is misdiagnosed as MDD. Data on uncomplicated depression suggest that many individuals who currently meet the DSM criteria for MDD are at no greater risk for subsequent depressive episodes, attempting suicide, or development of generalized anxiety disorder than members of the general population. These data suggest that uncomplicated depression is normal sadness, not major depression, and should not be diagnosed as disordered. They thus indicate that current DSM criteria for MDD are overly inclusive.

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