scholarly journals Nasal Carriage and Associated Factors of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Among Medicine and Health Science Students of Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ermiyas Mekuriya ◽  
Aseer Manilal ◽  
Addis Aklilu ◽  
Melat Woldemariam ◽  
Tadios Hailu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Methicillin Resistance ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Nasal Carriage ◽  
Health Science ◽  
Science Students ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Health Science Students ◽  
Microbiological Methods

Abstract Individuals with Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) colonized nasal cavities were at greater risk of developing the infection and can serve as potential reservoirs of transmission. Aim of this study is to determine the extent of nasal carriage and associated factors linked to MRSA in medical and health science students of Arba Minch University (AMU), Ethiopia. An institution based cross-sectional study was conducted at AMU from 01st August through 30th November, 2020. A systematic sampling technique was used to recruit the participants. Socio-demographic data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Nasal swabs were collected and S. aureus were identified following standard microbiological methods. Methicillin resistance was tested using cefoxitin disk and antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed by Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion. Biofilm forming ability was phenotypically detected by micro-titer plate assay. Descriptive statistics and multivariable logistic regression analysis were done by Statistical Package for Social Service (SPSS) version 25. Overall prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus and MRSA were 27.1% (70/258) and 7.4% (19/258) respectively. Methicillin-Resistant S. aureus carriage was higher among medical interns, 16.9% (11/65); isolates were co-resistant to antibiotics, such as trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (63.2%) and tetracycline (48.4%). Multidrug resistance (MDR) was observed among 52.6% (10/19) of the isolates. Besides, 31.4% (6/19) of MRSA were biofilm producers and all of them were MDR. Multivariable analysis showed that students having >2 years of mean exposure to hospital [p= 0.048, AOR: 4.99, 95% CI: 1.01-24.66] and those who share clothing and sports equipment [p=0.017, AOR: 5.43, 95% CI: 1.35-21.83] were statistically significant. The overall prevalence of nasal MRSA among students were comparatively lower than that observed in other studies done in Ethiopia itself. An alarming factor is that, 60% of MDR-MRSA were biofilm producers.

scholarly journals Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage and associated factors in a rural tertiary hospital in Eastern Uganda: A prospective cross-sectional study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nobert Thembo ◽  
George Masifa ◽  
Gerald Kamugisha ◽  
Robinah Nabitaka ◽  
Benjamin Akais ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistance ◽  
Phenotypic Expression ◽  
Nasal Carriage ◽  
Referral Hospital ◽  
Carriage Rate ◽  
Regional Referral Hospital ◽  
Methicillin Resistant

Abstract Background: Asymptomatic carriage of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) can predispose the host to a wide array of infections that can be difficult to treat due to antibiotic resistance. To inform public health strategies, the study sought to describe MRSA nasal carriage frequencies and the associated factors concerning nasal carriage among patients attending Mbale Regional Referral Hospital (MRRH). Methods: Nasal swabs were obtained from consented (aged >15years) participants presenting to the hospital for medical care between January and April 2018[L1] . Direct Culture of swabs was performed on blood agar and then incubated at 37℃ for 24 hours. Identification of S. aureus was done using conventional biochemical tests. Phenotypic screening and confirmation of MRSA was done using cefoxitin disc (30µg) test and MICs on the Phoenix M50 instrument respectively. Patient demographic characteristics and the MRSA nasal carriage risk factors were collected using a pre-tested questionnaire. Results: Overall, majority of the participants were in-patients (138, 63.3%) with the proportions of both females and males among the participants being 154/218 (70.6%) and 64/218 (29.3%) respectively. Mean age for both female and male participants was 40.16 (SD± 17.04) years respectively. S. aureus nasal carriage rate among the participants was 22.9% (50/218), with 57.9% (29/50) of the harboured strains phenotypically expressing methicillin resistance (mecA mediated). Phenotypic co-expression with inducible clindamycin resistance and vancomycin resistance was displayed in 45.5% (23/50) and 2% (1/50) of the studied isolates respectively. Colonisation with MRSA did not show any significant relationship with all the studied factors. Conclusion: There was a moderate S. aureus nasal carriage among the participants in Mbale Regional Referral Hospital with a highly noted phenotypic expression of methicillin resistance among the isolated S. aureus strains. The studied factors were not significantly associated with the rate of MRSA nasal carriage. For surveillance purposes to combat future outbreaks, there is a need to do a larger study to better draw generalizable conclusions of carriage in the population. [L1]This is an important statement. I suggest that we reinstatate it if we are still in recommended word count

scholarly journals Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage and associated factors in a rural tertiary hospital in Eastern Uganda: A prospective cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nobert Thembo ◽  
George Masifa ◽  
Gerald Kamugisha ◽  
Robinah Nabitaka ◽  
Benjamin Akais ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistance ◽  
Phenotypic Expression ◽  
Nasal Carriage ◽  
Referral Hospital ◽  
Carriage Rate ◽  
Regional Referral Hospital ◽  
Methicillin Resistant

Abstract Background: Asymptomatic carriage of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) can predispose the host to a wide array of infections that can be difficult to treat due to antibiotic resistance. To inform public health strategies, the study sought to describe MRSA nasal carriage frequencies and the associated factors concerning nasal carriage among patients attending Mbale Regional Referral Hospital (MRRH). Methods: Nasal swabs were obtained from consented (aged >15years) participants presenting to the hospital for medical care between January and April 2018 [L1] . Direct Culture of swabs was performed on blood agar and then incubated at 37℃ for 24 hours. Identification of S. aureus was done using conventional biochemical tests. Phenotypic screening and confirmation of MRSA was done using cefoxitin disc (30µg) test and MICs on the Phoenix M50 instrument respectively. Patient demographic characteristics and the MRSA nasal carriage risk factors were collected using a pre-tested questionnaire. Results: Overall, majority of the participants were in-patients (138, 63.3%) with the proportions of both females and males among the participants being 154/218 (70.6%) and 64/218 (29.3%) respectively. Mean age for both female and male participants was 40.16 (SD± 17.04) years respectively. S . aureus nasal carriage rate among the participants was 22.9% (50/218), with 57.9% (29/50) of the harboured strains phenotypically expressing methicillin resistance ( mecA mediated). Phenotypic co-expression with i nducible clindamycin resistance and vancomycin resistance was displayed in 45.5% (23/50) and 2% (1/50) of the studied isolates respectively. Colonisation with MRSA did not show any significant relationship with all the studied factors. Conclusion : There was a moderate S. aureus nasal carriage among the participants in Mbale Regional Referral Hospital with a highly noted phenotypic expression of methicillin resistance among the isolated S. aureus strains. The studied factors were not significantly associated with the rate of MRSA nasal carriage. For surveillance purposes to combat future outbreaks, there is a need to do a larger study to better draw generalizable conclusions of carriage in the population. [L1] This is an important statement. I suggest that we reinstatate it if we are still in recommended word count

scholarly journals Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage and associated factors in a rural tertiary hospital in Eastern Uganda: A prospective cross-sectional study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nobert Thembo ◽  
George Masifa ◽  
Gerald Kamugisha ◽  
Robinah Nabitaka ◽  
Benjamin Akais ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Methicillin Resistance ◽  
Phenotypic Expression ◽  
Nasal Carriage ◽  
Referral Hospital ◽  
Regional Referral Hospital ◽  
Methicillin Resistant

Abstract Background: Asymptomatic carriage of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) can predispose the host to a wide array of infections that would pose a challenge in the management of the cases in a current era encompassed with antibiotic resistance. To inform public health strategies, the study sought to describe MRSA nasal carriage frequencies and the associated factors concerning nasal carriage among patients attending Mbale Regional Referral Hospital (MRRH). Methods: Two hundred eighteen consented participants presenting to the hospital for medical care between January and April 2018 were recruited to participate in this study. Sampling was done on both anterior nares using a pre-moistened swab and then transported to the laboratory at Room temperature for the detection of MRSA. Culture was performed on blood agar and plates incubated at 37℃ for 24 hours. Identification of Staphylococcus aureus was done using conventional biochemical tests . MRSA was detected phenotypically using cefoxitin (30µg) as a surrogate test as per the Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute guidelines 2017 version. Patient demographic characteristics and the MRSA nasal carriage factors were collected using a pre-tested questionnaire. The collected raw data was entered into excel and later imported into STATA software for analysis. Results: Overall, Majority of the participants were in-patients (138, 63.3%) with the proportions of both females and males among the participants being 154/218 (70.6%) and 64/218 (29.3%) respectively. Mean age for both female and male participants was 40.16 (SD± 17.04) years respectively. Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage rate among the participants was 22.9% (50/218), with 72% (36/50) of the harboured strains phenotypically expressing methicillin resistance. Colonization with Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus did not show any significant relationship with all the studied factors. Conclusion: There was a moderate Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage among the participants in Mbale Regional Referral Hospital. We also observed a highly displayed phenotypic expression of methicillin resistance among the isolated Staphylococcus aureus strains. The studied factors indicated an independent influence on the rate of nasal carriage. For surveillance purposes to combat future outbreaks, there is a need to do a larger study with better power to better draw generalizable conclusions of carriage in the population.

scholarly journals Assessment of Knowledge and Practice on Hepatitis B Infection Prevention and Associated Factors among Health Science Students in Woldia University, Northeast Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Teshome Gebremeskel ◽  
Tirfe Beshah ◽  
Mulugeta Tesfaye ◽  
Biruk Beletew ◽  
Ayelign Mengesha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Infection Prevention ◽  
Health Science ◽  
Science Students ◽  
Hepatitis B Infection ◽  
Health Science Students ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Knowledge And Practice

Background. Hepatitis B virus is a global problem, with 66% of all the world population living in areas where there are high levels of infection. HBV is the leading risk factor for HCC globally and accounts for at least 50% of cases of HCC. Medical and health science students, being part of the health-care system, are exposed to the infection as a risk as other health-care workers when they come in contact with patients and contaminated instruments. Objective. The main aim of this study was to assess the knowledge and practice of hepatitis B virus infection prevention and its associated factors among health science students in Woldia University. Methods. Institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted from January 30 to May 30, 2019, among health science students of Woldia University who had previous clinical attachments. Two hundred students were selected by the systematic random sampling method. Association of dependent and independent variables was computed using a bivariable and multivariable logistic regression model. P<0.05 was considered as significantly associated. Result. The study revealed that, out of 200 participants, 96 (48%) have poor knowledge, whereas 104 (52%) showed good knowledge about HBV. Regarding the practice of participants, 79 (39.5%) of the students have good practice to prevent HBV, whereas 121 (59.5%) had poor practice towards HBV infection prevention. Conclusion. Based on the current study, greater than half of the students who participated in the study have good knowledge of hepatitis B infection prevention and most of the students have poor practice about infection prevention of hepatitis B virus.

scholarly journals Visual impairment and its associated factors among medical and health sciences students at the University of Gondar, Northwest Ethiopia

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. e0255369
Author(s):  
Mihret Getnet ◽  
Yonas Akalu ◽  
Baye Dagnew ◽  
Yibeltal Yismaw Gela ◽  
Yitayeh Belsti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Study Participant ◽  
Health Science ◽  
Science Students ◽  
Health Science Students ◽  
The University ◽  
Significant Factors ◽  
Current Alcohol

Background Visual impairment (VI) is a decreased ability to see things which is critical problem for health professionals and students to whom normal vision is essential for their daily activity. If it is not timely managed, visual impairment leads to physical, psychological, and socio-economic malfunctions to the victims and nation. Despite the above impacts, currently there is no study in Ethiopia on this topic. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of visual impairment and its associated factors among Medical and Health Science students at the University of Gondar. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted from January to March 2020 among Medical and Health Science students. After recruiting study participants using systematic random sampling technique, we applied pre-tested self-administered questionnaire for sociodemographic variables and also visual acuity measurement was performed using Snellen chart placed at a distance of 6 meters. Visual acuity tested separately for each eye and for both eyes in a well- illuminated area. Pinhole was used for those participants with a visual acuity of < 6/9. Participants with a presenting visual acuity of < 6/12 in the better eye were diagnosed as having visual impairment. Epi data version 3.1 and stata version 14 were used for data entry and statistical analysis, respectively. Binary logistic regression was used, and the Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) with the 95% Confidence Interval (CI) was reported to declare the statistical significance and strength of association between VI and independent variables. Results A total of 654 students were screened for visual acuity. The prevalence of visual impairment was 12.5% (95% CI: 10.21, 15.31). Age above 25 years (AOR = 1.8; 95% CI: 1.02, 3.26) and current alcohol drinking (AOR = 2.9; 95% CI: 1.7, 5.00), were statistically significant factors of visual impairment. Conclusion The prevalence of visual impairment among medical and health science students was high. Age of study participant and current alcohol consumption were statically significant factors. This study warrants the routine screening of Medical and Health science students for visual impairment.

Occupational Determinants of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Colonization Among Healthcare Workers: A Longitudinal Study in a Rehabilitation Center

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (7) ◽  
pp. 767-776 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Legrand ◽  
L. Temime ◽  
C. Lawrence ◽  
J. L. Herrmann ◽  
P. Y. Boelle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Nasal Carriage ◽  
Estimating Equation ◽  
Rehabilitation Center ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Regression Methods ◽  
Center Hospital ◽  
Assistant Nurses

BACKGROUNDStaphylococcus aureus carriage among healthcare workers (HCWs) is a concern in hospital settings, where it may provide a reservoir for later infections in both patients and staff. Earlier studies have shown that the prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) carriage in HCWs is highly variable, depending notably on location, hospital department type, MRSA prevalence among patients, and type of contacts with patients. However, MRSA incidence in HCWs and its occupational determinants have seldom been studied.METHODSA prospective, observational cohort study was conducted between May and October 2009 in a French rehabilitation center hospital. HCWs and patients were screened weekly for S. aureus nasal carriage. Methicillin-susceptible S. aureus and MRSA prevalence and incidence were estimated and factors associated with MRSA acquisition were identified using generalized estimating equation regression methods.RESULTSAmong 343 HCWs included in the analysis, the average prevalence was 27% (95% CI, 24%–29%) for methicillin-susceptible S. aureus and 10% (8%–11%) for MRSA. We observed 129 MRSA colonization events. According to the multivariable analysis, high MRSA prevalence level among patients and HCW occupation were significantly associated with MRSA acquisition in HCWs, with assistant nurses being more at risk than nurses (odds ratio, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.4–3.6).CONCLUSIONSOur findings may help further our understanding of the transmission dynamics of MRSA carriage acquisition in HCWs, suggesting that it is notably driven by carriage among patients and by the type of contact with patients.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2015;36(7):767–776

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