scholarly journals Traditional Agricultural Management of Kam Sweet Rice (Oryza Sativa L.)in Southeast Guizhou Province, China

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunhui Liu ◽  
Yanjie Wang ◽  
Xiaoding Ma ◽  
Di Cui ◽  
Bing Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Conservation ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Agricultural Management ◽  
Guizhou Province ◽  
Distribution Area ◽  
Wetland Ecosystem ◽  
Traditional Farming ◽  
Artificial Wetland ◽  
Field Management ◽  
Rice Fish

Abstract Background: The Dong people mainly live in Hunan, Guangxi and Guizhou provinces, China, with a long history of glutinous rice cultivation, among which Kam Sweet Rice (KSR) is a group of rice landraces that has been domesticated for thousands of years by the Dong people. The core distribution area of KSR is Liping, Congjiang and Rongjiang County of southeast, Guizhou Province. Paddy fields, forests, livestock and cottages have formed a special artificial wetland ecosystem in local area, and the Dong people have also formed a set of traditional farming systems of KSR for variety breeding, field management, and soil and water conservation. However, this traditional agricultural management has not been reported at multiple levels based on landraces, species and ecosystems.Methods: Fieldwork was conducted in ten villages in southeast Guizhou from 2019-2021. A total of 229 informants were interviewed from the villages. Semi-structured and key informant interviews were administered to collect ethnoecological data on the characteristics and traditional utilization of KSR, traditional farming systems and agricultural management of the Dong people. Results: (1): A total of 57 KSR varieties were recorded as used by the Dong people in southeast Guizhou. We analyzed the cultural importance index (CII) of all KSRs. Varieties with high CII often have a pleasant taste, special biological characteristics of cold resistance, disease and insect resistance and high utilization in the traditional culture of Dong people. (2) There is a clear division of labor between men and women in the breeding, seed retention, field management and grain storage management of different varieties of KSR in Dong communities. In order to resist natural disasters and insect pests, the cultivation of KSR is usually managed by multi-variety mixed planting. These agricultural management modes are the result of Dong people's understanding and adaptation to the local natural geographical environment, as well as the experience and wisdom crystallization of Dong people's long-term practice. (3) The traditional farmland of Dong People is a typical artificial wetland ecosystem that is planted with mixed KSR varieties with rich traditional wisdom. In addition, the economic benefit of the rice-fish-duck symbiotic system was 3.07 times that of hybrid rice alone; therefore, the rice-fish-duck system not only has the function of maintaining soil, water and ecological balance but also improves the income of Dong people.Conclusion: KSR is a special kind of rice that has been domesticated and cultivated by Dong people for thousands of years. Dong people have also formed traditional agriculture dominated by KSR cultivation. The traditional agricultural management of Dong people provides suitable habitats for flora and fauna with biodiversity protection, and convenient conditions for rational utilization and distribution of water resources were also provided. This traditional management mode is of great significance for environmental protection, climate change response, community resource management, sustainable utilization, and agricultural transformation in modern society. Therefore, we call for interdisciplinary research in natural and social sciences, in-depth study of the ecological culture of ethnic areas, and sort out treasures conducive to the development of all mankind.

scholarly journals MaxEnt Modeling Based on CMIP6 Models to Project Potential Suitable Zones for Cunninghamia lanceolata in China

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 752
Author(s):  
Yichen Zhou ◽  
Zengxin Zhang ◽  
Bin Zhu ◽  
Xuefei Cheng ◽  
Liu Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Species Distribution ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Cunninghamia Lanceolata ◽  
Distribution Area ◽  
Timber Species ◽  
Diurnal Range ◽  
The Future ◽  
Suitable Area

Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook. (Chinese fir) is one of the main timber species in Southern China, which has a wide planting range that accounts for 25% of the overall afforested area. Moreover, it plays a critical role in soil and water conservation; however, its suitability is subject to climate change. For this study, the appropriate distribution area of C. lanceolata was analyzed using the MaxEnt model based on CMIP6 data, spanning 2041–2060. The results revealed that (1) the minimum temperature of the coldest month (bio6), and the mean diurnal range (bio2) were the most important environmental variables that affected the distribution of C. lanceolata; (2) the currently suitable areas of C. lanceolata were primarily distributed along the southern coastal areas of China, of which 55% were moderately so, while only 18% were highly suitable; (3) the projected suitable area of C. lanceolata would likely expand based on the BCC-CSM2-MR, CanESM5, and MRI-ESM2-0 under different SSPs spanning 2041–2060. The increased area estimated for the future ranged from 0.18 to 0.29 million km2, where the total suitable area of C. lanceolata attained a maximum value of 2.50 million km2 under the SSP3-7.0 scenario, with a lowest value of 2.39 million km2 under the SSP5-8.5 scenario; (4) in combination with land use and farmland protection policies of China, it is estimated that more than 60% of suitable land area could be utilized for C. lanceolata planting from 2041–2060 under different SSP scenarios. Although climate change is having an increasing influence on species distribution, the deleterious impacts of anthropogenic activities cannot be ignored. In the future, further attention should be paid to the investigation of species distribution under the combined impacts of climate change and human activities.

scholarly journals Yam: a neglected and underutilized crop in Brazil

2011 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
MVBM Siqueira
Keyword(s):  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Traditional Farming ◽  
Local Varieties ◽  
Adequate Information ◽  
Brazil Current ◽  
Underutilized Crop ◽  
Dioscorea Species ◽  
Colonization Period ◽  
Traditional Communities

In Brazil current studies and investments on yams are incipient. Similarly, the literature in recent decades lacks adequate information on this group of plants. The existing literature, on its turn, requires more than ever to be revised and organized. Yams have joined the so-called "neglected" group of crops for several reasons, but particularly because they are associated with poor and traditional communities. Many vegetables introduced in Brazil during the colonization period have adapted to different cropping systems, yams being an excellent example. This diversity resulted very widespread, yet poorly recognized in the country. In turn, the gardens using traditional farming systems continue to maintain and enhance yam local varieties. Studies from other countries, with an emphasis on characterization and genetic breeding, brought to light an urgent need for Brazil to invest in yams as a food rich in carbohydrates, even to the point of alterations in food public policy. Reversal of the yam's current stigma is both a challenge to the scientific community and to the population as a whole. This paper aims to raise pertinent questions about Dioscorea species, an important key group for many communities in tropical countries, yet still unrecognized as so in Brazil.

scholarly journals Explicitly Analyze the Soil Erosion in the Karst and Non-Karst Area of Different Morphological Types in Guizhou of China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anjun Lan ◽  
Zemeng Fan ◽  
Qingsong Zhao ◽  
Xuyang Bai
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Dynamic Change ◽  
Guizhou Province ◽  
Karst Area ◽  
Intensity Change ◽  
Good Effect ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Change Intensity ◽  
Erosion Intensity

Abstract How to explicitly understanding the soil erosion intensity change in different geomorphological types is one of key issues in the field of soil and water conservation. According to classification criterion of soil erosion intensity of China, the spatial soil erosion data with the resolution of 10 m×10m in Guizhou Province were obtained by combing with the multi-resolution remote sensing data of ALOS, ZY-3, GF-1, Landsat and GDEMV2, and 2762 field sampling data in 2010 and 2015, respectively. a spatial analysis model of soil erosion was improved to analyze the spatiotemporal change of soil erosion intensity in karst and non karst area of Guizhou province, which involved the spatial soil erosion data and different geomorphological type data of Guizhou province. The results show that the soil erosion intensity decreased by 6468.13km 2 in Guizhou Province from 2010 to 2015. The dynamic change intensity in the high-altitude area is larger than in the low-altitude area. The soil change intensity in karst area is higher than in non karst area, especially in the high and middle elevation area in Guizhou province. Moreover, the decreasing ratio of soil erosion intensity in karst area is generally larger than in non karst area, which can be used to explain that the ecological restoration projects and water soil conservation polices carried out in karst area has a good effect, especially in western of Guizhou province from 2010 to 2015, one the other hand, the soil erosion in non karst area should also be focused by local government in the future.

scholarly journals Relative efficiency of rice-fish-duck production under integrated and conventional farming systems

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-52
Author(s):  
KALPANA MANDAVI ◽  
S.P. SINGH ◽  
ASHUTOSH DUBEY ◽  
MANISHA CHAUDHARY ◽  
RAJIV DIXIT
Keyword(s):  
Relative Efficiency ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Conventional Farming ◽  
Rice Fish

Farming systems and conservation needs in the Northwest Wheat Region

1996 ◽  
Vol 11 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 52-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.I. Papendick
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Winter Precipitation ◽  
Water Erosion ◽  
Residue Management ◽  
Annual Precipitation ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
No Till

AbstractThe Northwest Wheat Region is a contiguous belt of 3.3 million ha in Idaho, Oregon and Washington. Its climate varies from subhumid (<650 mm annual precipitation) to semiarid (<350 mm), with more than 60% of the annual precipitation occurring during the winter. Winter wheat yields range from a high of 8 t/ha in the wetter zones to a low of 1.5 t/ha in the drier zones. Winter wheat is grown in rotation with spring cereals and pulses where annual precipitation exceeds 450 mm; winter wheat-fallow prevails where annual precipitation is less than 330 mm. Tillage practices are designed to maximize infiltration and retention of water through soil surface and crop residue management. Because of the combination of winter precipitation, steep topography, and winter wheat cropping, much of the region is subject to a severe water erosion hazard, accentuated by freeze-thaw cycles that increase surface runoff and weaken the soil structure. Wind erosion is a major problem in the drier zones, where cover is less and soils are higher in sand. Residue management, primarily through reduced tillage and no-till systems, is the first defense against both wind and water erosion, but yields often are higher with conventional intensive ti llage. Factors that limit yields with conservation farming include weed and disease problems and th e lack of suitable tillage and seeding equipment. Conservation strategies must shift from relying on traditional tillage methods to development of complete no-till systems. Spring cropping as a replacement for winter wheat also needs to be investigated. In some cases, tillage for water conservation must be made compatible with tillage for erosion control.

scholarly journals Abundance and distribution of Ixodid tick species infesting cattle reared under traditional farming systems in Tanzania

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 286-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Kerario Isack ◽  
Muleya Walter ◽  
Chenyambuga Sebastian ◽  
Koski Marja ◽  
Hwang Seong-Gu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tick Species ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Ixodid Tick ◽  
Traditional Farming ◽  
Abundance And Distribution

scholarly journals Social and environmental factors in the diversity of tomato landraces from the South-Central region of Mexico

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yolanda del Rocio Moreno-Ramírez ◽  
Aurelio Hernández-Bautista ◽  
Porfirio Ramírez-Vallejo ◽  
Fernando Castillo-Gónzalez ◽  
Mario Rocandio-Rodríguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Central Region ◽  
Selection Criteria ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
The South ◽  
Traditional Farming ◽  
South Central ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Ethnolinguistic Group

ABSTRACT: In the present study, we investigated the influence of social and environmental factors in the genetic diversity of tomato landraces in the South-Central region of Mexico. A total of 30 tomato landraces, collected in 18 villages with different ethnolinguistic affiliations, were analyzed. We reported that the genetic diversity of tomato landraces is associated with the ethnolinguistic group, weather, and soil-type present in the region studied. Our results showed that there are morphological differences between landraces grown by different ethnolinguistic groups; however, there was also evidence of morphological similarities between landraces from groups with different ethnolinguistic affiliations. Finally, different selection criteria, mainly fruit color, size and shape, plays an important role in the phenotypic divergence among landraces grown in different traditional farming systems.

Characterization and Evaluation of Soil Erosion in Shenzhen: Using Environmental Radionuclides

2014 ◽  
Vol 522-524 ◽  
pp. 211-222
Author(s):  
Jun Jie Li ◽  
Ding Qiang Li ◽  
Mu Ning Zhuo
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Urban Soil ◽  
Land Development ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Distribution Area ◽  
Soil And Water Loss ◽  
Unique Method ◽  
Soil And Water

Nuclear tracer technology is quantitative and it has a high priority, which provides a unique method for understanding the mechanism of urban soil and water loss.137Cs +210Pbexcombination tracer was applied to study the characterization and evaluation of soil Erosion in Shenzhen. The results indicate that the following: 1)Disturbances from urbanization has greatly changed surface soil in Shenzhen.137Cs background inventory in Shenzhen range at 99 Bq/m2-653 Bq/m2. 2)210Pbexbackground inventory increase with altitude rise, which is attributed to the movement of water vapor. 3)Soil erosion in Shenzhen has a wide distribution area and exacerbated by severe human disturbance. Land development and steep orchard are key factors that influence urban soil and water loss. 4)Shenzhen should strictly carry out projects for soil and water conservation, such as returning steep slopes into forests and grasslands, and other ecological management reforms.

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