SARS-CoV-2 delta AY.1 variant cluster in an accommodation facility for COVID-19: Research study

Abstract Background This is a case report on a cluster infection of novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 delta AY.1 variant at an accommodation facility and the subsequent attempts to isolate individuals who tested positive. Methods The background that facilitated this cluster was investigated, and the conditions in which infection was established, the infection route, and the effectiveness of routine measures were evaluated. Ninety-nine staff members had been working at the accommodation facility at the time of infection, and it was estimated that 10 members were infected with the delta AY.1 variant. Results Our results suggest that infection of staff from a patient staying overnight should be excluded. The factors contributing to the cluster infection involved short-distance conversations with individuals wearing non-woven three-layer masks moved out of position (non-woven) and gathering together with individuals wearing non-woven masks in hypoventilated conditions. Our findings also indicate that this variant is possibly airborne and can infect individuals in enclosed spaces with poor ventilation, even when either infected or exposed individuals wear non-woven masks. Conclusions The routine maintenance of systems established for the detection of infections and prompt and appropriate preventive measures following the identification of positive individuals will help prevent further cluster infections.

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SARS-CoV-2 Delta AY.1 variant Cluster in an accommodation facility for COVID-19

10.21203/rs.3.rs-1155451/v1 ◽

2022 ◽

Author(s):

Takayuki Ohishi ◽

Takuya Yamagishi ◽

Hitomi Kurosu ◽

Hideaki Kato ◽

Yoko Takayama ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Case Report ◽

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽

Short Distance ◽

Preventive Measures ◽

Infection Route ◽

Staff Members ◽

Time Of Infection ◽

Poor Ventilation

Abstract This is a case report on a cluster infection of novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 delta AY.1 variant at an accommodation facility and the subsequent attempts to isolate individuals who tested positive. The background that facilitated this cluster was investigated, and the conditions in which infection was established, the infection route, and the effectiveness of routine measures were evaluated. Ninety-nine staff members had been working at the accommodation facility at the time of infection, and it was estimated that 10 members were infected with the delta AY.1 variant. Our results suggest that infection of staff from a patient staying overnight should be excluded. The factors contributing to the cluster infection involved short-distance conversations with individuals wearing non-woven three-layer masks moved out of position (non-woven) and gathering together with individuals wearing non-woven masks in hypoventilated conditions. Our findings also indicate that this variant is possibly airborne and can infect individuals in enclosed spaces with poor ventilation, even when either infected or exposed individuals wear non-woven masks. The routine maintenance of systems established for the detection of infections and prompt and appropriate preventive measures following the identification of positive individuals will help prevent further cluster infections.

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COVID-19: a review of current knowledge regarding exposure, quarantine, isolation and other preventive measures

Therapeutic Advances in Infectious Disease ◽

10.1177/20499361211032039 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

pp. 204993612110320

Author(s):

Robert Rosolanka ◽

Andres F. Henao-Martinez ◽

Larissa Pisney ◽

Carlos Franco-Paredes ◽

Martin Krsak

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽

Clinical Response ◽

Preventive Measures ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Therapeutic Options ◽

Exposure Control ◽

Knowledge Gaps ◽

Vaccination Strategies ◽

Speed Up

Deeper understanding of the spread, morbidity, fatality, and development of immune response associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, is necessary in order to establish an appropriate epidemiological and clinical response. Exposure control represents a key part of the combat against COVID-19, as the effectiveness of current therapeutic options remains partial. Since the preventive measures have not been sufficiently able to slow down this pandemic, in this article we explore some of the pertinent knowledge gaps, while overall looking to effective vaccination strategies as a way out. Early on, such strategies may need to rely on counting the convalescents as protected in order to speed up the immunization of the whole population.

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Central nervous system vasculopathy associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2): a novel case report from Iran

Journal of NeuroVirology ◽

10.1007/s13365-021-00979-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mohammad Javad Hosseini ◽

Mehrdad Halaji ◽

Javad Hosseini Nejad ◽

Reza Ranjbar

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Case Report ◽

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome

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Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 detected in placentas of 2 coronavirus disease 2019–positive asymptomatic pregnant women—case report

AJOG Global Reports ◽

10.1016/j.xagr.2020.100001 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 100001

Author(s):

Jaime Sanchez ◽

Paulino Vigil-De Gracia ◽

Erika Guerrero ◽

Melissa Gaitán ◽

Cindy Fu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Case Report ◽

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽

Pregnant Women

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Vestibular neuritis caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection diagnosed by serology: Case report

SAGE Open Medical Case Reports ◽

10.1177/2050313x211013261 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

pp. 2050313X2110132

Author(s):

Alexandra Halalau ◽

Madalina Halalau ◽

Christopher Carpenter ◽

Amr E Abbas ◽

Matthew Sims

Keyword(s):

Case Report ◽

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽

Medical History ◽

Cranial Nerve ◽

Respiratory Illness ◽

Vestibular Neuritis ◽

Past Medical History ◽

Significant Past Medical History ◽

Eighth Cranial Nerve ◽

Male Physician

Vestibular neuritis is a disorder selectively affecting the vestibular portion of the eighth cranial nerve generally considered to be inflammatory in nature. There have been no reports of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 causing vestibular neuritis. We present the case of a 42-year-old Caucasian male physician, providing care to COVID-19 patients, with no significant past medical history, who developed acute vestibular neuritis, 2 weeks following a mild respiratory illness, later diagnosed as COVID-19. Physicians should keep severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 high on the list as a possible etiology when suspecting vestibular neuritis, given the extent and implications of the current pandemic and the high contagiousness potential.

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Acute Tubulointerstitial Nephritis in a Patient on Anti-Programmed Death-Ligand 1 Triggered by COVID-19: A Case Report

Canadian Journal of Kidney Health and Disease ◽

10.1177/20543581211014745 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

pp. 205435812110147

Author(s):

Dimitry Buyansky ◽

Catherine Fallaha ◽

François Gougeon ◽

Marie-Noëlle Pépin ◽

Jean-François Cailhier ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Case Report ◽

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽

Tubulointerstitial Nephritis ◽

Checkpoint Inhibitor ◽

Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽

High Dose ◽

Programmed Death Ligand 1 ◽

Acute Tubulointerstitial Nephritis ◽

Programmed Death ◽

Kidney Involvement

Rationale: Immune checkpoint inhibitors are monoclonal antibodies used in the treatment of various types of cancers. The downside of using such molecules is the potential risk of developing immune-related adverse events. Factors that trigger these autoimmune side effects are yet to be elucidated. Although any organ can potentially be affected, kidney involvement is usually rare. In this case report, we describe the first known instance of a patient being treated with an inhibitor of programmed death-ligand 1 (anti-PD-L1, a checkpoint inhibitor) who develops acute tubulointerstitial nephritis after contracting the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Presenting concerns of the patient: A 62-year-old patient, on immunotherapy treatment for stage 4 squamous cell carcinoma, presents to the emergency department with symptoms of lower respiratory tract infection. Severe acute kidney injury is discovered with electrolyte imbalances requiring urgent dialysis initiation. Further testing reveals that the patient has contracted the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Diagnosis: A kidney biopsy was performed and was compatible with acute tubulointerstitial nephritis. Interventions: The patient was treated with high dose corticosteroid therapy followed by progressive tapering. Outcomes: Rapid and sustained normalization of kidney function was achieved after completion of the steroid course. Novel findings: We hypothesize that the viral infection along with checkpoint inhibitor use has created a proinflammatory environment which led to a loss of self-tolerance to renal parenchyma. Viruses may play a more important role in the pathogenesis of autoimmunity in this patient population than was previously thought.

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Updated picture of SARS-CoV-2 variants and mutations

Diagnosis ◽

10.1515/dx-2021-0149 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Giuseppe Lippi ◽

Camilla Mattiuzzi ◽

Brandon M. Henry

Keyword(s):

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽

Preventive Measures ◽

Definitive Treatment ◽

Social Distancing ◽

Viral Spread ◽

Limited Efficacy ◽

Highly Virulent ◽

New Mutations

Abstract The worldwide burden of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is still unremittingly prosecuting, with nearly 300 million infections and over 5.3 million deaths recorded so far since the origin of the SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) pandemic at the end of the year 2019. The fight against this new highly virulent beta coronavirus appears one of the most strenuous and long challenges that humanity has ever faced, since a definitive treatment has not been identified so far. The adoption of potentially useful physical preventive measures such as lockdowns, social distancing and face masking seems only partially effective for mitigating viral spread, though efficacy and continuation of such measures on the long term is questionable, due to many social and economic reasons. Many COVID-19 vaccines have been developed and are now widely used, though their effectiveness is challenged by several aspects such as low uptake and limited efficacy in some specific populations, as well as by continuous emergence of new mutations in the SARS-CoV-2 genome, accompanying the origin and spread of new variants, which in turn may contribute to further decrease the effectiveness of current vaccines and treatments. This article is hence aimed to provide an updated picture of SARS-CoV-2 variants and mutations that have emerged from November 2019 to present time (i.e., early December 2021).

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Covid-19 And Sudden Death with Pulmonary Manifestations- A Case Report

International Journal of Forensic Research ◽

10.33140/ijfr.02.01.01 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

Keyword(s):

Case Report ◽

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽

Sudden Death ◽

Common Cold ◽

Respiratory Symptoms ◽

Transmission Dynamics ◽

Pulmonary Manifestations ◽

The Family ◽

The Common ◽

Virus Strains

Covid 19 being a pandemic has uniformly and bizarrely affected the globe in a most unpredictable manner. So it becomes very important to unravel the transmission dynamics and the effect of the virus which has made it a deadly virus so far. Covid 19 is a member of coronavirus family, which also includes the SARS virus (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome) and MERS (Middle East Respiratory Symptoms) virus. The family of Coronavirus includes virus strains that the common cold and flu are caused [1].

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