Effect of Cytokinins on Micropropagation of Moringa Oleifera Lam. and Genomic Stability Assessment Using Flow-Cytometry
Abstract Moringa oleifera Lam. is a multipurpose medicinal plant of the family Moringaceae which has been widely utilized as a pharmaceutical remedy to treat a wide range of diseases. In addition, the tree has several applications in human nutrition as well as livestock feeding. M. oleifera is easily multiplied through epigeal germination (recalcitrant) but seed propagated plants are heterogeneous and take longer to reach fruit-bearing age. As an alternative, branch cuttings have been used but their establishment is erratic and often leads to reduced growth of the mother plant. Thus, to produce superior planting materials, in-vitro propagation has become paramount. As a result, several studies using a limited range of cytokinin have been undertaken to multiply M. oleifera through tissue culture. Otherwise, a study was conducted to examine the effect of five different cytokinins on in-vitro regeneration of this tree species. Results showed that nodal explants cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/L 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP) and subsequently rooted on basic MS media was the most optimal treatment. Furthermore, acclimatization of plantlets in sterile soil substrate and perlite (1:3;v/v) under transparent polythene sheet for 7 days resulted in survival rate of 100%. Assessment of genetic fidelity using flow cytometry revealed that surface sterilization alongside cytokinin treatments produced plantlets that were genetically stable regardless of the growth regulator used. Thus, the in-vitro protocol developed in this study can be utilized for in-vitro studies and mass propagation of this imperative plant species.