scholarly journals Ketone Body Rescued Seizure Behavior Of LRP1 Deficiency By Modulating Glutamate Transport

Author(s):  
Jin-Ming Zhang ◽  
Ming-Jie Chen ◽  
Jiong-Hui He ◽  
Ya-Ping Li ◽  
Zhi-Cai Li ◽  
...  

Abstract LRP1, the low-density lipoprotein receptor 1, would be a novel candidate epilepsy gene according to our bioinformatic results and the animal study. In this study, we explored the role of LRP1 in Epilepsy and whether Beta-hydroxybutyrate, the principal ketone body of the ketogenic diet can treat epilepsy caused by LRP1 deficiency. UAS/GAL4 system was used to establish different genotype models. Flies were given Standard, High-sucrose, and ketone body food randomly. The bang-sensitive test was performed on flies and seizure-like behavior was assessed. Morphologic alteration of LRP1 defect in the brain was detected under GPF expression flies. We established global, astrocytic, and neuronal LRP1 knockdown flies. Whole body and glia LRP1 defect flies had a higher seizure rate compared to the control group in the behavior test. Ketone body decreased the seizure rate in behavior test in all LRP1 defect flies, compared to Standard and High sucrose diet. In morphologic experiments, we found that LRP1 deficiency caused partial loss of the ellipsoidal body and partial destruction of the fan-shaped body. Overexpression of glutamate transporter gene Eaat1 could mimic the ketone body effect on LRP1 deficiency flies. This study demonstrated that LRP1 defect globally or in astrocytes or neurons could induce epilepsy. The ketone body efficaciously rescued epilepsy caused by LRP1 knockdown. The results support screening for LRP1 mutations as discriminating conduct for individuals who require clinical attention and further clarify the mechanism of the ketogenic diet in Epilepsy, which could help Epilepsy patients making a precise treatment case by case.

2013 ◽  
Vol 781-784 ◽  
pp. 1574-1581
Author(s):  
Jing Jing Ouyang ◽  
Yu Qiang Wang ◽  
Wen Tang ◽  
Xiao Li Zhou ◽  
Yi Ming Zhou ◽  
...  

The beef flavor was selected to carry out toxicological analysis regarding food intake, body weight, organs weight and blood biochemical indexes in mice. The results show that beef flavor could suppress food intake but promote mice weight compared with the control group. Flavor intake has significant effect on the ratio of liver and lung weight to the whole body weight, but it has no difference in the ratio of heart, spleen and kidney weight. Some biochemical indexes about fat metabolism in blood such as the total protein, total bile acid and alkaline phosphatase are respectively 4 g/L, 0.7μmol/L and 23 IU/L more than the control group. These factors and cholesterol, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in the mice blood all have extremely significant differences (P<0.01) in different conditions. The results suggest that the beef flavor has significant impact on fat metabolism in mice.


Author(s):  
Eman A. Al-Rekabi ◽  
Dheyaa K. Alomer ◽  
Rana Talib Al-Muswie ◽  
Khalid G. Al-Fartosi

The present study aimed to investigate the effect of turmeric and ginger on lipid profile of male rats exposed to oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide H2O2 at a concentration of 1% given with consumed drinking water to male rats. Methods: 200 mg/kg from turmeric and ginger were used, and the animals were treatment for 30 days. Results: the results showed a significant increase in cholesterol, triglycerides, low density lipoprotein (LDL), very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), whereas it explained a significant decrease in high density lipoprotein (HDL) of male rats exposed to oxidative stress when compared with control group. the results showed a significant decrease in cholesterol, triglycerides, (LDL), (VLDL), whereas it explained a significant increase in (HDL) of rats treated with turmeric and ginger at dose 200 mg/kg when compared with male rats exposed to oxidative stress.


2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 74-79
Author(s):  
Ahmed Elbaz ◽  
Said El-sheikh

Objective: To investigate the effect of antibiotics and/or probiotics on broiler performance, some serum metabolites, cecum microflora composition, and ileum histomorphology under the Egyptian conditions. Design: Randomized controlled experimental study. Animals: Two hundred forty 1-day-old Ross (308) chicks were reared till 35 days of age. Procedures: The birds were randomly allocated into four main groups: a control diet without additives (CON); probiotic (Lactobacillus acidophilus) supplemented diet (PRO); antibiotic (Avilamycin) supplemented diet (ANT) and a mix group (AP) that received antibiotic in the diet form 1 to 4 days of age and treated during the rest of the experimental period with probiotics. Results: Chickens fed on probiotic or antibiotic diets had linear improvement in live body weight (LBW) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) compared with the control group, while the best LBW and FCR were in the AP group. An improvement in the nutrient digestibility was observed in the probiotic added groups (PRO and AP). Serum cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol contents decreased when antimicrobial (probiotic or antibiotic) supplementations were used, while there was an increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol contents, serum total protein, and albumin levels. Among all groups, cecum Clostridium perfringens and Escherichia coli counts decreased; however, there was an increase in Lactobacillus count compared to the control group. In probiotic supplemented groups (PRO and AP), a significant (P<0.05) improvement in ilea architecture. Conclusion and clinical relevance: Using probiotic after initial treatment with an antibiotic in broiler diets had a positive effect on broiler growth performance, gut health (improved cecum microbial populations and ileum histomorphology), and nutrient digestibility.


2020 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaohan Xu ◽  
Meng Chai ◽  
Yujing Cheng ◽  
Pingan Peng ◽  
Xiaoli Liu ◽  
...  

Aims: To explore early intensive lipid-lowering therapy in patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS). Background: Lowering low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels can reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Due to many reasons, the need for early intensive lipid-lowering therapy is far from being met in Chinese NSTE-ACS patients at high-risk of recurrent ischaemic events. Objective: To evaluate the feasibility, safety and efficacy of starting evolocumab in hospital to lower LDL-C levels in Chinese patients with NSTE-ACS. Methods: In this prospective cohort study initiated by researchers, 334 consecutive patients with NSTE-ACS who had sub-standard LDL-C levels (LDL-C ≥2.3 mmol/L after regular oral statin treatment for at least 4 weeks; or LDL-C ≥3.2 mmol/L without regular oral statin treatment) were included. Patients who agreed to treatment with evolocumab (140 mg subcutaneously every 2 weeks, initiated in hospital and used for 12 weeks after discharge) were enrolled in the evolocumab group (n=96) and others in the control group (n=238). All enrolled patients received regular statin treatment (atorvastatin 20 mg/day or rosuvastatin 10 mg/day; doses unchanged throughout the study).The primary endpoint was the change in LDL-C levels from baseline to week 12. Results: Most patients (67.1%) had not received regular statin treatment before. In the evolocumab group, LDL-C levels decreased significantly at week 4 and remained stable at week 8 and 12 (all p<0.001). At week 12, the LDL-C percentage change from baseline in the evolocumab group was -79.2±12.7% (from an average of 3.7 to 0.7 mmol/L), while in the control group it was -37.4±15.4% (from an average of 3.3 to 2.0 mmol/L). The mean difference between these 2 groups was -41.8% (95% CI -45.0 to -38.5%; p<0.001). At week 12, the proportions of patients with LDL-C levels <1.8 mmol/L and 1.4 mmol/L in the evolocumab group were significantly higher than in the control group (96.8 vs 36.1%; 90.6 vs 7.1%; both p<0.001). The incidence of adverse events and cardiovascular events was similar in both groups. Conclusions: In this prospective cohort study we evaluated the early initiation of evolocumab in NSTE-ACS patients in China. Evolocumab combined with statins significantly lowered LDL-C levels and increased the probability of achieving recommended LDL-C levels, with satisfactory safety and well tolerance.


1970 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-14
Author(s):  
Iftekhar Mahmood ◽  
MM Rahman Khan ◽  
M Khalilur Rahman ◽  
MM Hoque Chowdhury

In different epidemiological studies, an association between sedentary life style and incidence of cardiovascular diseases has been demonstrated. Dyslipidaemia is one of the important risk factors of cardiovascular disease. An association of dyslipidaemia with sedentary life style has been considered. This study was carried out among 50 sedentary workers (teachers, office staffs, bank employees) at Pabna District and 50 individuals with non-sedentary jobs matched for age group and sex for the control group to see the association. Body mass index (BMI), blood pressure (BP), plasma level of glucose, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL), and triglycerides (Tgs) were found to be significantly higher whereas high density lipoprotein (HDL) was found to be significantly lower among the sedentary workers as compared with the control subjects. From the study, it appears that dyslipidaemia is more common in sedentary workers and the relative risk for cardiovascular disease is increased among them due to the sedentary nature of their jobs. DOI: 10.3329/taj.v22i1.5014 TAJ 2009; 22(1): 10-14


2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 315-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chidozie N. OKOYE ◽  
Samuel O. EKERE ◽  
Onyinyechukwu A. AGINA ◽  
Ikechukwu J. UDEANI ◽  
Chukwunonso K. EZEASOR

The present study evaluated the effect of whole egg consumption on the liver, testes, cauda epididymal sperm reserve and lipid profile of male rats. These evaluations were carried out on adult twenty (20) male albino rats, which were randomly selected into four groups of 5 rats each, designated groups A, B, C and D. Group A was the control group and received only equivalent volume of distilled water, while groups B, C and D received 0.25mg/kg, 0.5mg/kg; and 1.0mg/kg body weight of the quail egg respectively. Standard procedures were carried out in the tissue processing, cauda epididymal sperm reserve and in lipid profile determinations. On days 35 and 49, the mean serum total cholesterol value of group D was significantly lower than that of the control group. On day 35, the mean serum low density lipoprotein and high density lipoprotein (LDL and HDL cholesterol) values of all the treatment groups were significantly lower and higher than that of the control group, respectively. However, on days 49 and 63, the mean serum very low density lipoprotein (VLDL cholesterol) and triglyceride values of all the treatment groups were significantly higher than that of the control group. A significant increase in cadual epididymal sperm count (CESR) was recorded on day 63 at the mid and high doses. No obvious pathological lesions were observed in the histomorphology of the testes and liver when compared to the control. Therefore, whole quail egg consumption caused an increase in serum triglyceride and very low density lipoprotein concentration, and also improved fertility. In other words, prolonged consumption of quail egg should be done with caution as it may predispose one to cardiovascular disease.


1995 ◽  
Vol 268 (4) ◽  
pp. E588-E594 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Potts ◽  
S. W. Coppack ◽  
R. M. Fisher ◽  
S. M. Humphreys ◽  
G. F. Gibbons ◽  
...  

Adipose tissue is an important site of clearance of circulating triacylglycerol (TAG), especially in the postprandial period. Postprandial lipemia is usually increased in obesity. We studied the extraction of TAG from plasma and TAG-rich lipoproteins (TRLs) in subcutaneous adipose tissue in 11 control and 8 obese subjects before and after a mixed meal. Clearance of plasma TAG and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL)-TAG was decreased in the obese subjects after an overnight fast. After the meal, chylomicron-TAG extraction increased in the control group whereas VLDL-TAG clearance decreased; these changes were not seen in the obese group, in whom the VLDL particles appeared to be better able to compete with the chylomicrons for clearance by lipoprotein lipase. In the control subjects, removal of TAG from the TRL in the postprandial period was accompanied by a shift toward addition of cholesterol to the high-density lipoprotein (HDL) fraction; this was not observed in the obese subjects. We conclude that disturbed TRL-TAG clearance in adipose tissue is related both to the elevated plasma TAG concentrations and the depressed HDL-cholesterol concentrations typical of obesity.


1989 ◽  
Vol 262 (1) ◽  
pp. 313-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
J M Duerden ◽  
S M Bartlett ◽  
G F Gibbons

Hepatocytes were derived from 2-3-day streptozotocin-diabetic rats and maintained in culture for up to 3 days. Compared with similar cultures from normal animals, these hepatocytes secreted less very-low-density-lipoprotein (VLDL) triacylglycerol, but the decrease in the secretion of VLDL non-esterified and esterified cholesterol was not so pronounced. This resulted in the secretion of relatively cholesterol-rich VLDL particles by the diabetic hepatocytes. Addition of insulin for a relatively short period (24 h) further decreased the low rates of VLDL triacylglycerol secretion from the diabetic hepatocytes. The secretion of VLDL esterified and non-esterified cholesterol also declined. These changes occurred irrespective of whether or not exogenous fatty acids were present in the culture medium. Little or no inhibitory effect of insulin was observed after longer-term (24-48 h) exposure to the hormone. Both dexamethasone and a mixture of lipogenic precursors (lactate plus pyruvate) stimulated VLDL triacylglycerol and cholesterol secretion, but not to the levels observed in hepatocytes from normal animals. The low rate of hepatic VLDL secretion in diabetes contrasts with the increase in whole-body VLDL production rate. This suggests that the intestine is a major source of plasma VLDL in insulin-deficient diabetes.


Author(s):  
Shahnai Basharat ◽  
Syed Amir Gilani ◽  
Shahid Bashir ◽  
Muhammad Mustafa Qamar

AbstractObjective:  Postpartum obesity leads to long-term maternal obesity and promotes drastic health complications. Low glycemic index diet is suggested to have a beneficial impact on blood lipid levels. Therefore, we conducted a study to explore the effect of low glycemic diet on blood lipid profile in obese postpartum women.Methods:  In a randomised controlled trial, 38 obese postpartum women in intervention and 36 obese post-partum women in control group were analysed. Subjects in the intervention group were assigned low glycemic index diet and to follow this protocol for 12 weeks and the control group was advised to continue their routine diet.Results:  Low glycemic diet had a positive impact on low density lipoprotein (LDL), triglyceride and highdensity lipoprotein (HDL) concentration (p < 0.05). A strong positive correlation was observed between the glycemic index and LDL (mg/dl), (r = 0.57; p = 0.02) and between glycemic index and triglyceride (mg/dl), (r = 0.51; p = 0.01) in control and intervention group. A negative correlation was identified between glycemic index and HDL (mg/dl), (r = -0.45; p = 0.01).Conclusion:  Study concluded that low glycemic index diet reduced low density lipoprotein and triglyceride level and increased HDL level in blood; further more a significant association was found between glycemic index and blood lipids profile. 


2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-86
Author(s):  
P. G. Kravchun ◽  
◽  
O. I. Kadykova ◽  
U. S. Herasymchuk

Hypertension is a leading risk factor for coronary heart disease, stroke, peripheral arterial disease, kidney disease, vascular cognitive impairment, and mortality worldwide. Obesity in combination with hypertension continues to attract considerable attention from scientists. Despite the presence of experimental and clinical evidence of mutual burdening of hypertension and obesity, the mechanisms of formation of pathophysiological consequences of such a combination remain insufficiently defined. That is why in recent years an important role is given to the adiponutrin protein. The purpose of the study is to assess the nature of the relationship between adiponutrin levels and lipid and carbohydrate metabolism depending on the duration and degree of hypertension and the degree of obesity in patients with this comorbid pathology. Material and methods. The study included 107 patients with hypertension who were hospitalized in the cardiology department of Municipal noncommercial enterprise "Kharkiv City Clinical Hospital No.27" of Kharkiv municipal council. The age of patients ranged from 32 to 79 years (mean age was 58.6±9.88), who had not previously received regular antihypertensive therapy. The control group consisted of 20 age- and sex-appropriate healthy individuals. The level of adiponutrin was determined in 58 patients with hypertension of the 1st - 3rd degrees, aged from 32 to 79 years (mean age was 57.5±10.11 years), while hypertension of the 1st degree was diagnosed in 12 (20.7%) patients, hypertension of the 2nd degree - in 16 (27.6%), and hypertension of the 3rd degree - in 30 (51.7%) of the examined patients. Blood pressure was measured in patients in a sitting position after 5 minutes of rest, anthropometric measurements were performed, lipid profile and indicators of carbohydrate metabolism were evaluated, adiponutrin levels (pg/mL) were determined by enzyme immunoassay method using The RayBio® Adiponutrin Enzyme Immunoassay (EIA) Kit, (USA). Results and discussion. In all groups of patients with hypertension with overweight and obesity, adiponutrin levels were significantly elevated, and lipid and carbohydrate profiles tended to increase. Significant direct correlations were found between adiponutrine and triglycerides, with very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol of a moderate nature, and draws attention with a very high body mass index. In considering the differences in adiponutrin levels depending on gender, it was found that men have higher adiponutrin levels than women. Conclusion. Thus, we have the opportunity to consider adiponutrin as a marker of metabolic disorders


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document