scholarly journals Knowledge, attitude and practices of residences toward antimicrobial usage and resistance in Gondar, Northwest Ethiopia

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haileyesus Dejene ◽  
Rediet Birhanu ◽  
Zewdu Seyoum Tarekegn
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Agent ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
Antimicrobial Use ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Risk Increase ◽  
Chi Square Analysis

Abstract Background Antimicrobials are essential for human and animal health. Drug resistance to an antimicrobial agent follows the introduction of a new antimicrobial agent. Evidence suggests that the public plays an important role in the risk, increase, and spread of antimicrobial resistance. The purpose of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of the Gondar city residences regarding antimicrobial use and resistance. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted from April to July 2021 on 400 randomly selected Gondar city residents using a pretested semi-structured questionnaire. The descriptive and Chi-square tests were used to analyse the data. Results The response rate was one hundred percent. Approximately 75% of respondents were men, with 32% having completed secondary school. Nearly 74% and 35% of participants were married and worked in various government jobs, respectively. Furthermore, 48%, 54%, and 50% of respondents, respectively, had moderate knowledge, a positive attitude, and good practice concerning antimicrobial use and resistance. The chi-square analysis revealed a significant (p < 0.05) disparity between knowledge and educational level, marital status, and position in the house. The respondents' attitude level was also significantly associated (p < 0.05) with their educational level, marital status, occupation, and position in the house. Respondents' practice level was also significantly associated (p 0.05) with their educational level and occupation. The study also found a significant relationship between respondents' knowledge and attitude (χ2 = 215.23, p ≤ 0.001), knowledge and practice (χ2 = 147.2, p ≤ 0.001), and attitude and practice (χ2 = 116.03, p ≤ 0.001). Conclusion This study found that study participants had some misconceptions about antimicrobial use and resistance. As a result, enforcing antimicrobial regulation and educating people about antimicrobial use are both recommended.

DESerting clients? A Study Investigating Evidence-based Measures Supporting the Long-term Employment of Neurodiverse Australians

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 455-466
Author(s):  
Damian Mellifont
Keyword(s):  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
Policy Issue ◽  
Google Scholar ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Employment Services ◽  
Disability Employment ◽  
Chi Square Analysis

Employment outcomes for Australians with disability are weak and worsening. Aiming to assist in better understanding and redressing this troubling policy issue, this investigative research aims to (a) determine as to whether or not a significant relationship exists between disability type (i.e., physical or psychiatric) and long-term employment; and (b) identify evidence-based measures that might assist to improve the long-term employment of neurodiverse disability employment services (DES) clients. Addressing the first of these aims, an IBM SPSS-based chi-square analysis was conducted utilizing disability employment data sourced from the Australian Government. Targeting the second aim, a literature search was conducted utilizing Google Scholar, and thematic analysis was, then, applied on the results of this enquiry. Results of the chi-square analysis reveal that a DES client’s disability type appears to be associated with whether or not they attain long-term employment. From the 79 possibly relevant articles obtained from the Google Scholar enquiry, 13 were deemed relevant after applying the inclusion criteria. Thematic analysis constructed themes of resourcing, personalized support and education. In addition to offering a good practice employment guide based upon these themes, the study concludes by challenging Australian policymakers to consider the kinds of DES provider results that might not warrant reward.

scholarly journals Pulse Knowledge, Attitudes, Practices, and Cooking Experience of Midwestern US University Students

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 3499
Author(s):  
Donna M. Winham ◽  
Elizabeth D. Davitt ◽  
Michelle M. Heer ◽  
Mack C. Shelley
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
The United States ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Chi Square Analysis

Many American college students fail to meet dietary guideline recommendations for fruits, vegetables, and fiber. Pulses are a subgroup of legumes, harvested solely for dry grain seeds within a pod. Commonly consumed pulses include dry beans, dry peas, lentils, and chickpeas. Pulses are high in shortfall nutrients and could fill some nutritional gaps of college students. However, little is known about pulse intakes among young adults. The study aims were: (1) to identify knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding pulse consumption; and (2) to describe experiences of preparing dry pulses among college students. A convenience sample of 1433 students aged 18–30 enrolled at a Midwestern university in the United States completed an online survey in April 2020. Demographic and attitude variables were compared by the monthly count of pulse types eaten using chi-square, analysis of variance, and logistic regression modeling to predict pulse type intakes. Higher numbers of pulse types eaten was associated with being White, vegetarian/vegan, higher cooking self-efficacy, positive attitudes toward pulses, and greater daily intake of fruits, vegetables, and fiber. Knowledge and experience of cooking dry pulses was low, with canned pulses purchased more often. College students may not be consuming pulses due to unfamiliarity with them, low knowledge of nutrition benefits, and a general lack of cooking self-efficacy. Increased familiarization and promotion surrounding pulses may increase their consumption.

scholarly journals Analytical Effect of Insurgency on Cowpea (Vigna Spp) Production in Potiskum Local Government Area of Yobe State, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-60
Author(s):  
Adamu Usman ◽  
Ali Garba Bawa
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Local Government Area ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
State Of Emergency ◽  
Adult Men ◽  
Education And Employment ◽  
Chi Square Analysis

This study analyzed the effect of insurgency on cowpea production in Potiskum Local Government Area of Yobe State, Nigeria. This study is quantitative research where 120 cowpea farmers were randomly interviewed using structured response questionnaires. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The results showed that 35% of the respondents fell within the age bracket of 28-33 years; males constituted 55% and 42% had primary education. The findings further reveaed that 77.50% perceived the effect of insurgency on their livelihood. Majority up to 70.80% of the respondents perceived increase in poverty and job loses respectively. Almost 52.5% of the respondents were affected by the conflicts, then children 21.7%, women 13.3% and adult men 8.3%. 32.50% of the respondents lost their houses, 29.20% lost their livestock, and 16.70% and 13.30% lost their crops and sustained body injuries respectively. Majority up to 67.50% of the respondents suggested that all the methods, 16.70% suggested military action, 6.70% negotiation, 5.0% and 4.20% of the respondents suggested state of emergency and amnesty respectively. Furthermore, the regression analysis revealed that 74% variation in output was accounted by the independent variables in the model. However, educational level, sex and income were significant at p< 0.001, while household size, farm size and distance from farm to homestead were significant at p< 0.05. Chi-square analysis revealed that the variables included in the model such as sex, educational level, age, income and distance from farmlands to homestead were significant at p< 0.05, with the exception of farm size, marital status and farming experience. The study concluded that insurgency exists in the study area and the effects include loss of lives, crops, and destruction of infrastructures, such as schools, telecommunication mast, mosques, churches, markets and houses. The study recommended that education and employment opportunities be provided to the youths in the study area.

scholarly journals STUDI TENTANG MOTIVASI DAN KARAKTERISTIK PRIBADI KARYAWAN SARI SEHAT HERBAL MEDICINE INDUSTRY di MAGELANG

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Kurnia Putri
Keyword(s):  
Herbal Medicine ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Employee Performance ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Employee Motivation ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Testing Techniques ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Chi Square Analysis ◽  
The Relationship

This study aims to examine and analyze the influence of personal characteristics on employee motivation Sari Sehat Herbal Medicine Industry and to determine whether the employee motivation Sari Sehat Herbal Medicine Industry in Magelang . Data collected through questionnaires and conducted on 89 employees Sari Sehat Herbal Medicine Industry Magelang . Analysis of the data in this study using SPSS version 17 . In this study used a sample of the entire population and data testing techniques used in this study include test validity , reliability tests with Cronbach alpha . Spearman correlation analysis to examine the relationship between personal characteristics such as age , education , length of employment , marital status of the motivation , by comparing the value Sig.ρhitung with α value ( 0.05 ) . As for analyzing gender relations to motivation chi square analysis was used to compare the value of Sig . χ ^ 2hitung the value of α ( 0.05 ) . The analysis showed that the level of personal characteristics ( 0.003 ) , length of employment ( 0 ) and marital status ( 0.006 ) effect on employee performance . Age (0.524 ) and gender (0.217 ) had no effect on motivation . And the biggest motivation for employees Sari Sehat Herbal Medicine Industry is salary ( 79 % ) . This research

Determinants of Farmer’s Attitude to Plant Agro-forestry Trees in Kaduna State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 155-166
Author(s):  
O. E. Olagunju ◽  
O. C. Ariyo ◽  
U. U. Emeghara ◽  
O. S. Olagunju ◽  
S. O. Olafemi
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Tree Planting ◽  
Years Of Experience ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Nutrition Security ◽  
Food And Nutrition ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Chi Square Analysis ◽  
Agro Forestry

Agro-forestry trees enhance food and nutrition security, increase income and help solve land management problems. This study assessed the determinants of farmer’s attitude to plant agro-forestry trees in Giwa Local Government Area (LGA) of Kaduna State. Six (6) districts were purposively selected from the eight (8) districts in Giwa LGA. Two villages were randomly selected from each district to give a total of twelve (12) villages. Ten agroforestry farmers were selected from each village to make a total of 120 respondents. Data were collected using structured questionnaires. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics, inferential statistics - Chi- square and Pearson Product Moment Correlation (PPMC) and regression analysis. The results revealed that the mean age was 40.12 years. Chi-square analysis showed that age (χ2=18.487, P=0.001), educational level (χ2=9.656, P=0.04) were significant to farmersꞌ attitude. PPMC showed that income (r=0.181, p=0.049), membership in organization (r=0.214, P=0.02) were significant to farmersꞌ attitude. Regression analysis showed that years of experience (β=0.330, P=0.001) and constraints (β=0.246, P=0.11) were the determinants of farmers attitude. Farmers (59%) have unfavourable attitude towards tree planting. It was concluded that age group, educational level, income and membership in organization are very important and paramount in enhancing planting of agroforestry trees while years of experience and constraints faced by farmers were major determinants of famer’s attitude to planting agro-forestry trees.

scholarly journals Assessing knowledge, attitude, and practices of veterinarians towards antimicrobial use and stewardship as drivers of inappropriate use in Abuja, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mabel Kamweli Aworh ◽  
Jacob Kwada Paghi Kwaga ◽  
Emmanuel Chukwudi Okolocha
Keyword(s):  
Public Service ◽  
Mobile Application ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Contributory Factor ◽  
Antimicrobial Use ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Inappropriate Use ◽  
Knowledge Attitudes And Practices

Abstract Introduction Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has recently gained worldwide recognition, as the emergence of multi-drug resistant organisms has led to increased mortality and economic burden. This study aimed to assess knowledge, attitudes, and practices of veterinarians towards rational antimicrobial prescribing and identify factors influencing use. Methods We interviewed veterinary doctors in Abuja, Nigeria using a 50-point questionnaire distributed via WhatsApp mobile application. The questionnaire inquired about their experiences, knowledge, attitudes, and practices towards AMR and stewardship. We analyzed the data by calculating frequencies and proportions. Results Of 220 registered veterinarians, 144 (65.5%) participated in the survey. Most (52.8%) were within the age group 30 - 39 years; males (72.2%), with a Master’s degree (42.4%) and worked in public service (44.4%). Three-quarters (75.7%) had good knowledge of antimicrobials; 47.2% had received training on stewardship while 88.9% reported that they believed that overuse of antimicrobials was the major contributory factor towards AMR. Antimicrobial stewardship regulations are important in veterinary practice. Veterinarians were aware of the occurrence of resistant pathogens and agreed that restricting antimicrobial use in animal health care was necessary to reduce AMR. Conclusion Most respondents referred to the veterinary formulary (VF) when in doubt of the appropriate antimicrobial agent to administer. We recommend that the VF be updated following the WHO list of critically-important-antimicrobials (CIA) and veterinarians educated not to use these CIAs in the treatment of food animals.

scholarly journals Periodontal Disease in Pregnant Women and Impact on in Tabuk Region, Saudi Arabia

2021 ◽  
pp. 210-219
Author(s):  
Reham M. Al-Hawiti ◽  
Sarah H. Al-Qahtani ◽  
Abdullah Bedaiwi ◽  
Asma A. Alharbi
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: Periodontal disease is amongst the top ten most common diseases to affect humans and the leading cause of tooth loss for adults, so it’s important to be aware of the condition and how it can develop.Periodontitis is an inflammatory process initiated by bacterial plaque involving the supporting structures of the tooth which include the gingiva, the junctional epithelium, root cementum, periodontal ligament, and alveolar bone. Methods: A cross-sectional study using a self-managed questionnaire conducted among 127 pregnant women in King Salman Armed Forces Hospital in Tabuk region, Saudi Arabia            (2020). Results: the study found that 69.3% of cases had symptoms of periodontitis. Also, the study found that there were no significant correlations betweensymptoms of periodontitis and all variables like; age group, marital status, educational level, employment, number of children, brushing daily, and visiting dental clinic during pregnancy (p>0.05). As regards symptoms of periodontitisassociated with pregnancy, our study reported that 56.7% had Bleeding per gum, 44.9% had gum swelling and 40.9% had an offensive odor from the mouth. Conclusion: The study concluded that the majority of pregnant women cases had periodontitis and there was no significant association found with different variables like age, educational level, marital status. Also, there was good practice and attitude toward pregnancy-associated periodontitis.

scholarly journals The Influence of Socio-Demographic Characteristics on Patient Satisfaction in Family Medicine Clinics of Karachi

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Patient Satisfaction ◽  
Family Medicine ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Validated Questionnaire ◽  
The Family ◽  
Chi Square Analysis

Objective: To determine the association of patients' satisfaction with demographic and socio-economic characteristics of patients visiting the family medicine clinics of the Aga Khan University. Design: Cross-sectional study Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted at family medicine clinics at the Integrated Medical Service Centers, Aga Khan University, Karachi, from 10th January 2017 to 9th July 2017. Material and Methods: A total of 160 consecutive patients (48 males and 112 females, age range 18 – 65 years) visiting the family medicine clinics were recruited with informed consent. A validated questionnaire consisting of 18 items was administered to all patients who consented to participate in the study. The reasons for dissatisfaction were also assessed. Descriptive statistics were calculated. Stratification was done, and the association of satisfaction with age, gender, marital status, education, and economic status was investigated using the chi-square test. The p-value ≤0.05 was considered significant. Results: Out of a total of 160 study participants, 86.3% indicated their satisfaction, while 13.8% were found to be dissatisfied with the services at the family medicine clinic. The most common reason (50%) for dissatisfaction among the dissatisfied patients was the state of OPD facilities. On chi-square analysis, gender (p=0.028), education level (p=0.010) and socioeconomic status (p=0.002) were found to be significantly different among satisfied and dissatisfied patients. On multivariable analysis, education, marital status and socioeconomic status were found to be independently associated with patient satisfaction. Conclusion: The results showed that higher satisfaction was associated with higher education, higher socioeconomic status and higher among the widowed population.

19 BEEF CATTLE PREGNANCY RATES FOLLOWING INSEMINATION WITH AGED FROZEN ANGUS SEMEN

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 167 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. B. Carwell ◽  
J. A. Pitchford ◽  
G. T. Gentry Jr ◽  
H. Blackburn ◽  
K. R. Bondioli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Pregnancy Rates ◽  
Crossbred Cattle ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Frozen Semen ◽  
Pfizer Animal Health ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Chi Square Analysis

Artificial insemination has proven to be a valuable asset to the cattle industry. It is assumed that once good quality semen is frozen in liquid nitrogen it should remain viable indefinitely; however, semen viability has not been systematically evaluated after being stored for several decades. In this experiment, frozen semen from 25 purebred Angus bulls processed during 3 time periods (1960-1975 = 5 bulls; 1976-1991 = 11; 1992-2002 = 9 bulls) was used to randomly inseminate purebred lactating Angus cows and heifers and lactating crossbred beef cows. In experiment 1, Angus cows (n = 24) and Angus heifers (n = 16) and in experiment 2, crossbred cattle (n = 88) of 5 breeds (Beefmaster, Romosinuano, Bons Mara, Brangus, Brangus F1) were artificially inseminated with frozen-thawed Angus bulls semen from the 3 time periods. All females were in good body condition and at least 45 days postpartum and were synchronized using the SelectSynch protocol. Briefly, on treatment Day 0, females received an Eazi-Breed CIDR (Pfizer Animal Health, New York, NY, USA) implant and were administered GnRH (Factryl, 100 μg im), on Day 7, prostaglandin (Lutalyse, 25 mg im, Pfizer Animal Health) was administered and the CIDR removed. Cattle not responding to synchronization were subjected an additional prostaglandin treatment 8 to 10 days later. Estrus detection was conducted using the HeatWatch™ system for the Angus females and with Estrotect™ patches for the crossbred females. Females fitted with HeatWatch transponders that were successfully mounted 4 times within a 6-h period were considered to be in standing estrus and were inseminated 12 to 14 h later. Females fitted with Estrotect patches were observed twice daily (morning and evening) to identify females whose patch was scratched. Females were inseminated by an experienced technician 12 to 14h after the patch were observed as being scratched a minimum of 50%. Response to synchronization in Angus cows and heifers was 76% (n = 40), whereas in the crossbred cattle the response was 74% (n = 88). Cows and heifers were confirmed pregnant via transrectal ultrasonography 45 days postinsemination. Pregnancy rates confirmed by chi-square analysis were not different for Angus cows and heifers (58% and 43%, respectively). Also, pregnancy rates for the Angus females were not different across time periods 1, 2, and 3 (58, 43, and 53%, respectively). Pregnancy rates for crossbred females were not different across time periods 1, 2, and 3 (35, 60, and 44%, respectively). Overall pregnancy rates (experiments 1 and 2) were 47, 52, and 40% across time periods 1, 2, and 3 respectively. It is concluded from this study that semen units processed and frozen from Angus bulls from time periods 1, 2, and 3 (from the 1960s through to 2002) are still viable and produce similar pregnancy rates in artificially inseminated beef females. Thanks to Jared Pitchfordfor inseminating all of the cattle; Harvey Blackburn for providing the semen to make the project possible; and my advisors Dr. Gentry and Dr. Godkefor assisting throughout the entire project. I also thank all of the graduate students who have helped me throughout the project.

scholarly journals The Association Between Pre-Diabetes With Body Mass Index and Marital Status in an Iranian Urban Population

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karamatollah Rahmanian ◽  
Mohammad Shojaei ◽  
Abdolreza Sotoodeh Jahromi ◽  
Abdoulhossein Madani
Keyword(s):  
Marital Status ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Low Educated ◽  
And Control

<p>Pre-diabetes increased the development of diabetes mellitus (type 2). The aim of study was to determine the association of body weight, education and marital status with pre-diabetes in an Iranian urban population.A sample of 788 subjects (360 men and 428 women) between the ages 30–85 years participated in our study and anthropometric measurements, educational level and fasting blood sugar of participants were recorded. The t and Chi square tests were used for continuous and categorical variables. The association of age, BMI categories, educational level and marital status to pre-diabetes was assessed by estimating the odds ratio. A <em>p</em>-value ≤ 0.05 were considered significant. The analysis was done using SPSS version 11.5. Our study showed that pre-diabetic subjects were older and low educated than normoglycemic subjects. Mean BMI and educational level were associated to pre-diabetes only in women. The odds of being pre-diabetes also were higher in obese women than in normal BMI women. No relationship was found between education and marital status with pre-diabetes in both men and women. Based on our finding, it is possible that advancing age and obesity has increased in pre-diabetes. This highlights the importance of population based survey to monitor blood glucose for effective prevention and control.</p>

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