"This Screening Cannot Be Done For Virgins Because They Have Not Had any Sexual Intercourse " Knowledge on Cervical Cancer Screening and Vaccination Among Females at Oyibi Community.

Abstract BackgroundAwareness about cervical cancer screening and vaccination in the developed countries are high as compared to the developing countries. Sixty to eighty percent (60 - 80%) of the women who develop cervical cancer in sub-Saharan Africa live in the rural areas with inadequate awareness on cervical cancer screening. However, cervical cancer knowledge remained a significant direct predictor of screening behaviors. The study therefore aim to explore the Knowledge on Cervical Cancer Screening and Vaccination among females at Oyibi Community. A qualitative exploratory design was employed to purposively recruit 35 participants who were made up of 7 members in a group forming 5 Focus Group discussions in all. Data was retrieved using a semi-structured interview guide. ResultsThe study revealed two main themes with 7 subthemes. The two main themes were Cervical cancer screening and vaccination knowledge and Cervical cancer vaccination effectiveness and cost. The subthemes were; knowledge on cervical cancer screening types, knowledge about cervical cancer screening and vaccination centers, knowledge about how cancer screening is performed, knowledge about cervical cancer vaccination, cervical cancer screening and vaccination sources of information, knowledge about the effectiveness of cervical cancer vaccination and awareness about cervical cancer screening cost and vaccination cost. ConclusionThe study revealed low knowledge on screening and vaccination of cervical cancer, and effectiveness of cervical cancer vaccination but high awareness about the centers. There is therefore the need for heightened sensitization regarding cervical cancer screening and vaccination in rural communities to help reduce misconceptions and increase patronage rate.

Download Full-text

Knowledge on cervical cancer screening and vaccination among females at Oyibi Community

BMC Women s Health ◽

10.1186/s12905-021-01296-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Evans Appiah Osei ◽

Stella Appiah ◽

Judith Elinam Gaogli ◽

Ezekiel Oti-Boadi

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

Cancer Screening ◽

Cervical Cancer Screening ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Structured Interview ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Sources Of Information ◽

Cancer Vaccination ◽

Screening Cost

Abstract Background Awareness about cervical cancer screening and vaccination in the developed countries are high as compared to the developing countries. Sixty to eighty percent (60–80%) of the women who develop cervical cancer in sub-Saharan Africa live in the rural areas with inadequate awareness of cervical cancer screening. However, cervical cancer knowledge remained a significant direct predictor of screening behaviors. The study therefore aim to explore the Knowledge on Cervical Cancer Screening and Vaccination among females at Oyibi Community. Methods A qualitative exploratory design was employed to purposively recruit 35 participants who were made up of 7 members in a group forming 5 Focus Group discussions in all. Data was retrieved using a semi-structured interview guide. Results The study revealed two main themes with 7 subthemes. The two main themes were cervical cancer screening and vaccination knowledge and cervical cancer vaccination effectiveness and cost. The subthemes were; knowledge on cervical cancer screening types, knowledge about cervical cancer screening and vaccination centers, knowledge about how cancer screening is performed, knowledge about cervical cancer vaccination, cervical cancer screening and vaccination sources of information, knowledge about the effectiveness of cervical cancer vaccination and awareness about cervical cancer screening cost and vaccination cost. Conclusion Ghanaian women are increasingly becoming aware of cervical cancer, nevertheless low knowledge on screening and vaccination of cervical cancer, and effectiveness was detected with high awareness about the screening and vaccination centers. There is therefore the need for heightened sensitization regarding cervical cancer screening and vaccination in rural communities to help reduce misconceptions and increase patronage rate.

Download Full-text

Systematic review of cervical cancer prevalence and determinants of early detection in Sub-Saharan Africa

KIBOGORA POLYTECHNIC SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL ◽

10.33618/kpscj.2018.01.006 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 32-36

Author(s):

Eleazar Ndabarora ◽

Dariya Mukamusoni ◽

Clarte Ndikumasabo ◽

Védaste Ngirinshuti

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

Cancer Screening ◽

Early Detection ◽

Cervical Cancer Screening ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Extensive Literature ◽

Early Management ◽

Screening Programs ◽

Mesh Terms ◽

Sub Saharan

Cervical cancer is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality globally and in Sub-Saharan Africa in particular. There is evidence that early detection and early management of cases are the best strategies to prevent and control this health threat, since treatment of the later stages of the diseases are very expensive. The objectives of the review were: (1) to identify and review studies on the prevalence of cervical cancer and determinants of early detection in Sub-Saharan Africa, and (2) to recommend further studies and interventions based on the findings of this review. Extensive literature search was conducted using the MeSH terms. Articles on cervical cancer and/or determinants of early detection which fulfilled inclusion criteria were reviewed independently by three reviewers. The prevalence of cervical cancer in Sub-Saharan Africa is increasing. Although there are evidences that cervical cancer screening programs are practical and feasible even in resource-limited settings in Sub-Saharan Africa, there is a very low uptake of cervical cancer screening and there are key factors that need to be addressed in order to make these programs established and effective.

Download Full-text

Role of Protein Biomarkers in the Detection of High-Grade Disease in Cervical Cancer Screening Programs

Journal of Oncology ◽

10.1155/2012/289315 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Charlotte A. Brown ◽

Johnannes Bogers ◽

Shaira Sahebali ◽

Christophe E. Depuydt ◽

Frans De Prins ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

Cancer Screening ◽

Cervical Cancer Screening ◽

Cervical Screening ◽

False Negative ◽

Pap Test ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Protein Biomarkers ◽

Ki 67 ◽

Screening Programs

Since the Pap test was introduced in the 1940s, there has been an approximately 70% reduction in the incidence of squamous cell cervical cancers in many developed countries by the application of organized and opportunistic screening programs. The efficacy of the Pap test, however, is hampered by high interobserver variability and high false-negative and false-positive rates. The use of biomarkers has demonstrated the ability to overcome these issues, leading to improved positive predictive value of cervical screening results. In addition, the introduction of HPV primary screening programs will necessitate the use of a follow-up test with high specificity to triage the high number of HPV-positive tests. This paper will focus on protein biomarkers currently available for use in cervical cancer screening, which appear to improve the detection of women at greatest risk for developing cervical cancer, including Ki-67,p16INK4a, BD ProEx C, and Cytoactiv HPV L1.

Download Full-text

Cervical cancer screening uptake in Sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis

10.1101/2020.12.26.20248864 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Nigus Bililign Yimer ◽

Mohammed Akibu Mohammed ◽

Kalkidan Solomon ◽

Mesfin Tadese ◽

Stephanie Grutzmacher ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

Cancer Screening ◽

Cervical Cancer Screening ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Cervical Screening ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

African Countries ◽

Screening Uptake ◽

Analytic Review ◽

Sub Saharan

AbstractBackgroundCervical cancer screening and prevention programs have been given considerable attention in high-income countries, while only receiving minimal effort in many African countries. This meta-analytic review aimed to estimate the pooled uptake of cervical cancer screening uptake and identify its predictors in Sub-Saharan Africa.MethodsPubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, African Journals Online, Web of Science and SCOPUS electronic databases were searched. All observational studies conducted in Sub-Saharan Africa and published in English language from January 2000 to 2019 were included. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was applied to examine methodological quality of the studies. Inverse variance-weighted random-effects model meta-analysis was done to estimate the pooled uptake and odds ratio of predictors with 95% confidence interval. I2 test statistic was used to check between-study heterogeneity, and funnel plot and Egger’s regression statistical test were used to check publication bias. To examine the source of heterogeneity, subgroup analysis based on sample size, publication year and geographic distribution of the studies was carried out.ResultsOf 3,537 studies identified, 29 studies were included with 36,374 women. The uptake of cervical cancer screening in Sub-Saharan Africa was 12.87% (95% CI: 10.20, 15.54; I2= 98.5%). Meta-analysis of seven studies showed that knowledge about cervical cancer increased screening uptake by nearly 5-folds (OR: 4.81; 95% CI: 3.06, 7.54). Other predictors include educational status, age, HIV status, contraceptive use, perceived susceptibility, and awareness about screening locations.ConclusionCervical screening uptake is low in Sub-Saharan Africa and influenced by several factors. Health outreach and promotion targeting identified predictors are needed to increase uptake of screening service in the region.sProtocol registrationCRD42017079375

Download Full-text

Knowledge, utilization and barriers of cervical cancer screening among women attending selected district hospitals in Kigali - Rwanda

Canadian Oncology Nursing Journal ◽

10.5737/23688076313266274 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 31 (3) ◽

pp. 266-274

Author(s):

Gaudence Niyonsenga ◽

Darius Gishoma ◽

Ruth Sego ◽

Marie Goretti Uwayezu ◽

Bellancille Nikuze ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

Cancer Screening ◽

Cervical Cancer Screening ◽

Knowledge Utilization ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Eastern Africa ◽

Screening Rate ◽

Effective Prevention ◽

District Hospitals ◽

Screening Services

Background: Cervical cancer is the third most common cancer attacking women globally, and the second in Eastern Africa where Rwanda is located. Regular screening is an effective prevention approach for cervical cancer. Despite that, the screening rate for cervical cancer in Africa is estimated between 10% and 70%, with a number of barriers. This is especially the case in sub-Saharan Africa. In Rwanda, there is limited literature on the rate of use of screening services or the barriers to cervical screening. Objective: To assess knowledge, utilization, and barriers of cervical cancer screening among women attending selected district hospitals in Kigali, Rwanda. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study with a structured questionnaire was used to collect data. Nominal ‘yes’ or ‘no’ questions were used to gather data on knowledge and utilisation of cervical cancer and its screening. Likert-type scale questions were used to identify different barriers to screening services. Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Respondents were selected by systematic random sampling from the database of women attending gynaecology services at three district hospitals in Kigali, Rwanda. Results: Three hundred and twenty-nine women responded to the survey. Half of the respondents (n = 165) had high knowledge level scores on cervical cancer screening. The cervical cancer screening rate was 28.3%. Utilization of screening was associated with knowledge (P = 0.000, r = -0.392) and selected demographic factors (P = 0.000). Individual barriers included poor knowledge on availability of screening services, community barriers included living in a rural area, and health provider and systems barriers included lack of awareness campaigns, negative attitudes of healthcare providers toward clients, and long waiting times; all barriers limit the access to screening services. Conclusion: A low rate of cervical cancer screening was identified for women attending selected district hospitals in Kigali-Rwanda due to various barriers. On-going education on cervical cancer and its screening is highly recommended. It is important that trained health providers encourage their clients to have cervical cancer screening and work to reduce related barriers.

Download Full-text

Awareness about cervical cancer screening among reproductive aged women attending gynaecology outpatient department in ESI PGIMSR & ESIC medical college & Hospital, Joka, Kolkata

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20171369 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

pp. 1319

Author(s):

Susmita Chaudhuri ◽

Rekha Dutt ◽

Shweta Goswami ◽

Joydeb Roychowdhury

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

Cancer Screening ◽

Cervical Cancer Screening ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Hpv Infection ◽

Early Marriage ◽

College Hospital ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Medical College ◽

Reproductive Aged Women

Background: Cervical cancer is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in women especially India. The mainstay of prevention rests on early detection of cases through screening. So, this study aims to determine the knowledge of cervical cancer screening, Human papilloma virus & its vaccination status. Methods: This was an observational study of cross-sectional design conducted among the adult reproductive aged women (18-45 years) visiting Gynaecology OPD at ESI-PGIMSR and ESIC Medical College and Hospital, Joka. A pre-designed and pre-tested interview schedule was prepared. Face to face interview was conducted in local language. Data was compiled & computed in SPSS software version 20. Results: Total respondents were 97. Majority of the respondents (62.9%) belong to the age group of 21-30 years. 8 in 10 participants follow Hinduism. Almost equal percentages of participants were from urban & rural areas (51.5% & 48.5% respectively). 6 in 10 participants had heard about cervical cancer. Majority of the respondents (55%) mentioned friends & family as a source of information. 48.3% of the respondents knew poor genital hygiene as a predisposing risk factor for cervical cancer. Very few knew about other factors like multiple sexual partner (20%), early marriage (33.3%), young age (20%), repeated childbirth (35%), OCP usage (26.7%) as risk factors for cervical cancer. Only one participant had undergone screening test for cervical cancer (1.7%). 46.7% of the respondents were aware about association of HPV infection with cervical cancer. But none of the participants had received vaccine against cervical cancer & they cited lack of awareness as a reason for not receiving the vaccine. Conclusions: A well-designed health education program focusing on effective multipronged IEC strategies utilizing pictorials, audio-visual and personal communication on cervical cancer could yield beneficial results.

Download Full-text

Organised Versus Opportunistic Cervical Cancer Screening in Urban and Rural Regions of Lithuania

Medicina ◽

10.3390/medicina55090570 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 55 (9) ◽

pp. 570 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Justina Paulauskiene ◽

Rugile Ivanauskiene ◽

Erika Skrodeniene ◽

Janina Petkeviciene

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

Cancer Screening ◽

Cervical Cancer Screening ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Pap Smear ◽

Screening Program ◽

Rural Regions ◽

Reminder Letter ◽

Invitation Letter ◽

Personal Invitation

Background and Objectives: In 2004, Lithuania started the Nationwide Cervical Cancer Screening Programme. However, screening is more opportunistic than population-wide and the programme’s coverage is insufficient. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of systematic personal invitation on coverage of cervical cancer (CC) screening in urban and rural regions of Lithuania. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in an urban primary healthcare centre (PHCC) and in a rural PHCC, where prevailing CC screening practice was highly opportunistic. Over the first year, all women aged 25–60 who had not received a Pap smear test within the last three years in urban (n = 1591) and rural (n = 1843) PHCCs received a personal invitation letter to participate in the screening. Over the second year, the reminder letter was sent to the non-attendees (n = 1042 in urban and n = 929 in rural PHCCs). A random sample of women (n = 93), who did not attend for screening after two letters, was contacted by phone in order to identify the barriers of non-attendance. Results: Before the study, only 9.6% of the target population in urban and 14.7% in rural PHCCs participated in CC screening. After the first invitation letter, the participation in CC screening increased up to 24.6% in urban and 30.8% in rural areas (p < 0.001). After the reminder letter, the attendance was 16.4% in urban and 22.2% in rural PHCCs (p < 0.001). The most common barriers for the non-attendance were lack of time, long waiting time for family doctor’s appointment, worries that a Pap test might be unpleasant and preventive gynaecological examination outside of the screening program. Conclusions: A systematic personal invitation with one reminder letter significantly increased the coverage of CC screening and was more effective in rural regions than in urban regions. The assessed barriers for non-attendance can be used to improve the coverage of screening.

Download Full-text