scholarly journals Socio-demographic and environmental factors associated with diarrhoeal disease among children under five in India

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pintu Paul
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Diarrhoeal Disease ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Children Under Five ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
The Past

Abstract Background: Globally, diarrhoea is the second leading cause of death in children under five and a major public health problem. Despite several health care initiatives taken by the government, a large proportion of children still experience diarrhoeal diseases which cause high childhood death in India. This study aims to examine the socio-demographic and environmental factors associated with diarrhoea in children under five in India.Methods: A cross-sectional study was designed using the recent round of the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-4), conducted in 2015–16. A total of 247,743 living children below five years of age were included in the analysis. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression models were carried out to assess the factors associated with childhood diarrhoeal disease.Results: In India, about 9% of under-five children experience diarrhoeal disease in the past two weeks preceding the survey. Children living in rural areas (Adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 1.05; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.09), belonged to scheduled tribe (aOR: 0.83; 95% CI: 0.79, 0.89) and other castes (aOR: 0.92; 95% CI: 0.88, 0.97), Muslim children (aOR: 1.18; 95% CI: 1.13, 1.24), and children resided in the central (aOR: 1.61; 95% CI: 1.52, 1.70) and west (aOR: 1.08; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.15) regions were significantly associated with higher likelihood of diarrhoea in the past two weeks. Concerning environmental factors, child stool disposal (aOR: 1.06; 95% CI: 0.98, 1.09), floor materials (aOR: 1.08; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.12) and roof materials (aOR: 1.08; 95% CI: 1.04, 1.13) of the household were found to be significant factors of childhood diarrhoea occurrence.Conclusions: Diarrhoeal disease is common among children who lived in rural areas, scheduled castes, Muslims, and children from poor families. Regarding environmental factors, stool disposal practices in the household, dirt floor, and thatch roof materials of the household unit are risk factors for diarrhoeal disease. Targeted approach should be initiated to mitigate the problem of the poor health status of children by providing adequate health care. The policy-makers and stakeholders should address adverse environmental conditions by the provision of latrine and improved housing facilities.

scholarly journals Socio-demographic and environmental factors associated with diarrhoeal disease among children under five in India

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pintu Paul
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Diarrhoeal Disease ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Children Under Five ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
The Past

Abstract Background Globally, diarrhoea is the second leading cause of death in children under five and a major public health problem. Despite several health care initiatives taken by the government, a large proportion of children still experience diarrhoeal diseases which cause high childhood death in India. This study aims to examine the socio-demographic and environmental factors associated with diarrhoea in children under five in India. Methods A cross-sectional study was designed using secondary data from the recent round of the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-4), conducted in 2015–16. A total of 247,743 living children below 5 years of age were included in the analysis. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression models were carried out to assess the factors associated with childhood diarrhoeal disease. Results In India, about 9% of under-five children experience diarrhoeal disease in the past 2 weeks preceding the survey. Children living in rural areas (Adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 1.05; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.09), children belonged to scheduled tribe (aOR: 0.83; 95% CI: 0.79, 0.89) and other castes (aOR: 0.92; 95% CI: 0.88, 0.97), Muslim children (aOR: 1.18; 95% CI: 1.13, 1.24), and children resided in the central (aOR: 1.61; 95% CI: 1.52, 1.70) and west (aOR: 1.08; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.15) regions were significantly associated with higher likelihood of diarrhoea in the past 2 weeks. Concerning environmental factors, child stool disposal (aOR: 1.06; 95% CI: 0.98, 1.09), floor materials (aOR: 1.08; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.12) and roof materials (aOR: 1.08; 95% CI: 1.04, 1.13) of the household were found to be significant predictors of childhood diarrhoea occurrence. Conclusions Diarrhoeal disease is common among children who lived in rural areas, scheduled castes, Muslims, and children from poor families. Regarding environmental factors, stool disposal practices in the household, dirt floor, and thatch roof materials of the household unit are risk factors for diarrhoeal disease. Targeted approach should be initiated to mitigate the problem of the poor health status of children by providing adequate health care. The policy-makers and stakeholders should address adverse environmental conditions by the provision of latrine and improved housing facilities.

scholarly journals Socio-demographic and environmental factors of diarrhoea among under-five children in India

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pintu Paul
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Diarrhoeal Disease ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children

Abstract Background Globally, diarrhoea is a second leading cause of deaths among under-five children and is a major public health problem. Despite several health care initiatives, a large proportion of under-five children are still experienced diarrhoeal diseases causes high mortality in India. This study aims to examine the socio-demographic and environmental factors of diarrhoea among children under-five in India.Methods A cross-sectional study was designed using the recent round of the National Family Health Survey (NFHS), conducted in 2015-16. A total of living children below 5 years of age were utilized for the analysis of this study. Bi-variate and multivariate logistic regression were carried out to investigate the factors of childhood diarrhoea.Results In India, about 9% under-five children experience diarrhoeal disease in the past 2 weeks. Children from rural areas (AOR: 1.05; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.09), Scheduled Tribe (AOR: 0.83; 95% CI: 0.79, 0.89) and others caste (AOR: 0.92; 95% CI: 0.88, 0.97), Muslim (AOR: 1.18; 95% CI: 1.13, 1.24), and from central (AOR: 1.61; 95% CI: 1.52, 1.70) and west region (AOR: 1.08; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.15) were significantly associated with higher likelihood of diarrhoea in past 2 weeks. Furthermore, this study also revealed that child’s stool disposal (AOR: 1.06; 95% CI: 0.98, 1.09), floor materials (AOR: 1.08; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.12) and roof materials (AOR: 1.08; 95% CI: 1.04, 1.13) of the household were found to be significant factors of childhood diarrhoea occurrence.Conclusions Diarrhoeal disease remains a serious public health problem in India. The findings of this study suggest strengthening of existing health care programs. Policy intervention should also address socio-economic vulnerabilities of mothers and children to combat the incidence of diarrhoea. In addition, provisioning of sanitation and housing facilities may help positively to control diarrhoeal disease that could eventually reduce the incidence of child mortality.

scholarly journals Socio-demographic and environmental factors of diarrhea among under-five children in India

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pintu Paul
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Diarrheal Disease ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Childhood Mortality ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Children Under Five ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children ◽  
The Past

Abstract Background: Globally, diarrhea is the second leading cause of death in children under five years of age and is a major public health problem. Despite several health care initiatives taken by the government, a large proportion of under-five children still experience diarrheal diseases which cause high childhood mortality in India. This study aims to examine the socio-demographic and environmental factors of diarrhea in children under five years old in India. Methods: A cross-sectional study was designed using the recent round of the National Family Health Survey (NFHS), conducted in 2015–16. A total of 247,743 living children below five years of age were included in the analysis. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression models were carried out to assess the factors associated with childhood diarrheal disease. Results: In India, about 9% of under-five children experience diarrheal disease in the past two weeks. Children living in rural areas (Adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 1.05; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.09), belonged to scheduled tribe (aOR: 0.83; 95% CI: 0.79, 0.89) and other castes (aOR: 0.92; 95% CI: 0.88, 0.97), Muslim children (aOR: 1.18; 95% CI: 1.13, 1.24), and children resided in the central (aOR: 1.61; 95% CI: 1.52, 1.70) and west (aOR: 1.08; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.15) regions were significantly associated with higher likelihood of diarrhea in the past two weeks. Concerning environmental factors, child stool disposal (aOR: 1.06; 95% CI: 0.98, 1.09), floor materials (aOR: 1.08; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.12) and roof materials (aOR: 1.08; 95% CI: 1.04, 1.13) of the household were found to be significant factors of childhood diarrhea occurrence. Conclusions: Diarrhea is common among rural, scheduled caste, Muslim and poor families’ children. Regarding environmental factors, stool disposal practices in the household, main floor and roof materials of the household unit are risk factors of diarrhea. Targeted approach should be initiated to mitigate the problem of poor health status of children by providing adequate health care. The policy-makers and stakeholders should address adverse environmental conditions by the provision of latrine and improved housing facilities.

scholarly journals Stunting in children under five years old is still a health problem in the Western Brazilian Amazon: a population-based study in Assis Brasil, Acre, Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 2257-2266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saulo Augusto Silva Mantovani ◽  
Alanderson Alves Ramalho ◽  
Thasciany Moraes Pereira ◽  
Fernando Luiz Cunha Castelo Branco ◽  
Humberto Oliart-Guzmán ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Problem ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Wealth Index ◽  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
Population Based ◽  
World Health ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
Children Under Five ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Factors Associated

Abstract Despite the process of nutritional transition in Brazil, in some places, such as the Amazon region, stunting is still an important public health problem. We identified the prevalence and factors associated with stunting in children under five years old residing in the urban area of Assis Brasil. A survey was conducted in which a questionnaire on socioeconomic, maternal and children’s conditions was applied, and height or length was measured. The children with height for age index below -2 Z-scores were considered stunted, according to the criteria by the World Health Organization. Four hundred and twenty-eight children were evaluated. Of these, 62 were stunted. Factors associated with stunting, according to adjusted models, were: the presence of open sewer, the wealth index for households, the receipt of governmental financial aid and the mother’s height, age and education. Therefore, it was observed that family and the mother’s characteristics as well as environmental and socioeconomic factors were closely related to the occurrence of stunting in the population studied, and such nutritional disturbance is still a health problem in the Brazilian Amazon.

scholarly journals Prevalence and associated factors of diarrhea among under-five children in Debre Berhan Town, Ethiopia 2018: A cross sectional study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sisay Shine ◽  
Sindew Muhamud ◽  
Solomon Adnew ◽  
Alebachew Demelash ◽  
Makda Abate
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Children Under Five ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Debre Berhan

Abstract Background: Diarrhea is responsible for 525,000 children under-five deaths and 1.7 billion cases globally and is the second leading cause of death among children under-five every year. It is a major public health problem in low income countries like Ethiopia. The main aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of diarrhea and associated risk factors among children under-five in Debre Berhan Town, Ethiopia. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in 420 parent or caretaker/children pairs in Debre Berhan town between 13–18 April 2018. A multi-stage sampling strategy was used to select the study participants. Data were collected using pre-tested and structured questionnaires. Data were entered in Epi-info computer software version 3.5.1 and exported to SPSS Window Version-16 for analysis. Adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were used to assess the level of significance. Results: The two week prevalence of diarrhea among children under-five was 16.4% (69/351). Children aged 7-11 months (adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 4.2, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.2 - 15.3), being the second-born child (AOR: 3.9, 95%CI: 1.8 - 8.5), not vaccinated against rotavirus (AOR: 10.3, 95%CI: 3.2 - 91.3) and feeding children by hand (AOR: 2.5, 95%CI: 1.1 - 6.1) were significant predictors of diarrhea. Conclusions: This study revealed that the two weeks period prevalence of diarrhea among children under-five years was 16.4%. Education programs on the importance of vaccination against rotavirus, increasing breast feeding frequency with complementary food after six months and the critical points of hand washing are recommended.

scholarly journals An Empirical Analysis of the Socioeconomic and Demographic characteristics influencing Birth Certification in Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uchechi Shirley Anaduaka
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Access To Health Care ◽  
Birth Certificate ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Skilled Attendant ◽  
Children Under Five ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Socioeconomic And Demographic Factors

Abstract Background: Promoting birth certification is instrumental to achieving target 16.9 of the Sustainable Development Goals: legal identity for all by 2030. However, limited research has investigated the determinants of birth certification of children in the sub-Saharan African context. This study analyzes the socioeconomic and demographic factors associated with the birth certification of children under-five years in Nigeria. Methods: The study employed three rounds of the Nigerian Demographic and Health Survey involving 79487 children (0-4 years) in Nigeria. Birth certification was defined as whether a parent/caregiver had a child’s birth certificate at the time of the interview. Ordinary least squares and multilevel logistic regression models established the relationships between the socioeconomic and demographic factors and birth certification. Results: Children under-five years who had a skilled attendant at birth, at least one vaccination, and maternal access to prenatal visits had about 25.6%, 60.5% and 35.0% higher odds of having their births certified. Children born to more educated mothers and fathers had 1.023 and 1.012 times the odds of birth certification. Children from average and rich households also had 13.2% and 34.2% higher odds of birth certification, respectively. Conversely, child age, higher birth order, longer birth intervals, polygyny, having at least two dead siblings, father being employed in a low skilled job, living far from a registration center and in a poor community are risk factors for birth certification. Maternal age at birth and paternal has non-linear, albeit weak effects on birth certification. Being large at birth, bank account ownership were also significant predictors of birth certification. Mixed effects were noted for religion, ethnicity and region. Finally, no significant effects were noted for gender, maternal occupation and rural residence. Conclusions: The findings identify several socioeconomic and demographic factors associated with birth certification suggesting possible risks with improving birth certification in Nigeria. Access to health care and higher socioeconomic backgrounds are significant protectors of and distance to registration centers as obstacles to birth certification for children in Nigeria. Public policy strategies should encourage the use of health care services and also increase the number of registration centers in Nigeria.

scholarly journals MAVSCOT: A fuzzy logic-based HIV diagnostic system with indigenous multi-lingual interfaces for rural Africa

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. e0241864
Author(s):  
Olugbenga Oluseun Oluwagbemi ◽  
Folakemi Etseoghena Oluwagbemi ◽  
Abdulwahab Jatto ◽  
Cang Hui
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Diagnostic System ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Hiv Diagnosis ◽  
Health Care Practitioners

HIV still constitutes a major public health problem in Africa, where the highest incidence and prevalence of the disease can be found in many rural areas, with multiple indigenous languages being used for communication by locals. In many rural areas of the KwaZulu-Natal (KZN) in South Africa, for instance, the most widely used languages include Zulu and Xhosa, with only limited comprehension in English and Afrikaans. Health care practitioners for HIV diagnosis and treatment, often, cannot communicate efficiently with their indigenous ethnic patients. An informatics tool is urgently needed to facilitate these health care professionals for better communication with their patients during HIV diagnosis. Here, we apply fuzzy logic and speech technology and develop a fuzzy logic HIV diagnostic system with indigenous multi-lingual interfaces, named Multi-linguAl HIV indigenouS fuzzy logiC-based diagnOstic sysTem (MAVSCOT). This HIV multilingual informatics software can facilitate the diagnosis in underprivileged rural African communities. We provide examples on how MAVSCOT can be applied towards HIV diagnosis by using existing data from the literature. Compared to other similar tools, MAVSCOT can perform better due to its implementation of the fuzzy logic. We hope MAVSCOT would help health care practitioners working in indigenous communities of many African countries, to efficiently diagnose HIV and ultimately control its transmission.

scholarly journals Prevalence and associated factors of diarrhea among under-five children in Debre Berhan Town, Ethiopia 2018: A cross sectional study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sisay Shine ◽  
Sindew Muhamud ◽  
Solomon Adnew ◽  
Alebachew Demelash ◽  
Makda Abate
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Children Under Five ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Debre Berhan

Abstract Background: Diarrhea is responsible for 525,000 children under-five deaths and 1.7 billion cases globally and is the second leading cause of death among children under-five every year. It is a major public health problem in low income countries like Ethiopia. The main aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of diarrhea and associated risk factors among children under-five in Debre Berhan Town, Ethiopia. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in 420 parent or caretaker/children pairs in Debre Berhan town between 13–18 April 2018. A multi-stage sampling strategy was used to select the study participants. Data were collected using pre-tested and structured questionnaires. Data were entered in Epi-info computer software version 3.5.1 and exported to SPSS Window Version-16 for analysis. Adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were used to assess the level of significance. Results: The two week prevalence of diarrhea among children under-five was 16.4% (69/351). Children aged 7-11 months (adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 4.2, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.2 - 15.3), being the second-born child (AOR: 3.9, 95%CI: 1.8 - 8.5), not vaccinated against rotavirus (AOR: 10.3, 95%CI: 3.2 - 91.3) and feeding children by hand (AOR: 2.5, 95%CI: 1.1 - 6.1) were significant predictors of diarrhea. Conclusions: This study revealed that the two weeks period prevalence of diarrhea among children under-five years was 16.4%. Education programs on the importance of vaccination against rotavirus, increasing breast feeding frequency with complementary food after six months and the critical points of hand washing are recommended.

scholarly journals Prevalence and factors associated with anemia among children under five years of age in Rombo district, Kilimanjaro region, Northern Tanzania

F1000Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 1102
Author(s):  
Innocent B. Mboya ◽  
Redempta Mamseri ◽  
Beatrice J. Leyaro ◽  
Johnston George ◽  
Sia E. Msuya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Children Under Five ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Northern Tanzania ◽  
Kilimanjaro Region ◽  
Prevalence Of Anemia

Background:  Anemia is a severe public health problem affecting more than half of children under five years of age in low-, middle- and high-income countries. We aimed to determine the prevalence and factors associated with anemia among children under five years of age in northern Tanzania. Methods: This was a community-based cross-sectional study conducted in Rombo district, Kilimanjaro region, northern Tanzania in April 2016. Multistage sampling technique was used to select a total of 602 consenting mothers and their children aged 6-59 months and interviewed using a questionnaire. Data were analyzed using Stata version 15.1. We used generalized linear models (binomial family and logit link function) with robust variance estimator to determine factors associated with anemia. Results: Prevalence of anemia was 37.9%, and it was significantly higher among children aged 6-23 months (48.3%) compared to those aged 24-59 months (28.5%). There were no significant differences in anemia prevalence by sex of the child. Adjusted for other factors, children aged 6-23 months had over two times higher odds of being anemic (OR=2.44, 95% CI 1.71, 3.49, p<0.001) compared to those aged 24-59 months. No significant association was found between maternal and nutritional characteristics with anemia among children in this study. Conclusion: Prevalence of anemia was lower than the national and regional prevalence but it still constitutes a significant public health problem, especially among children aged 6-23 months. Interventions such as iron supplementation, food fortification and dietary diversification and management of childhood illnesses in this setting should be targeted towards mothers and children less than two years.

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