Mapping QTL Associated with Partial Resistance to Aphanomyces Root rot in Pea (Pisum Sativum L.) using a 13.2K SNP Array and SSR Markers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Longfei Wu ◽  
Rudolph Fredua-Agyeman ◽  
Sheau-Fang Hwang ◽  
Kan-Fa Chang ◽  
Robert Conner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Ssr Markers ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Partial Resistance ◽  
Snp Array ◽  
Snp Markers ◽  
Minor Effect ◽  
Aphanomyces Euteiches ◽  
Phenotypic Data ◽  
Soilborne Disease

Abstract Aphanomyces root rot (ARR), caused by Aphanomyces euteiches Drechs., is a destructive soilborne disease of field pea (Pisum Sativum L.). No completely resistant pea germplasm is available, and current ARR management strategies rely on partial resistance and fungicidal seed treatments. In this study, an F8 recombinant inbred line (RIL) population of 135 individuals from the cross ‘Reward’ (susceptible) × ‘00-2067’ (tolerant) was evaluated for reaction to ARR under greenhouse conditions with the A. euteiches isolate Ae-MDCR1 and over 2 years in a field nursery in Morden, Manitoba. Root rot severity, foliar weight, plant vigor and height were used as estimates of tolerance to ARR. Genotyping was conducted with a 13.2K single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array and 222 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. Statistical analyses of the phenotypic data indicated significant (P<0.001) genotypic effects and significant G×E interactions (P<0.05) in all experiments. After filtering, 3050 (23.1%) of the SNP and 30 (13.5%) of the SSR markers were retained for linkage analysis, which distributed 2999 (2978 SNP + 21 SSR) of the markers onto nine linkage groups representing the seven chromosomes of pea. Mapping of quantitative trait loci (QTL) identified 5 major-effect (R2 > 20%), 13 moderate-effect (10%<R2< 20%) effect and 10 minor-effect (R2 <10%) QTL. A genomic region on chromosome IV, delimited by the SNP markers PsCam037549_22628_1642 and PsCam026054_14999_2864, was identified as the most consistent region responsible for partial resistance to A. euteiches isolate Ae-MDCR1. Other genomic regions important for resistance were of the order chromosome III, II and VII.

scholarly journals Identification of Pisum sativum Germ Plasm with Resistance to Root Rot Caused by Multiple Strains of Aphanomyces euteiches

Plant Disease ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. K. Malvick ◽  
J. A. Percich
Keyword(s):  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Plant Introduction ◽  
Aphanomyces Euteiches ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Pea Seedlings ◽  
Biomass Loss ◽  
Serious Disease ◽  
Multiple Strains

Aphanomyces root rot is a serious disease of pea (Pisum sativum), and additional sources of resistance are needed for development of disease-resistant cultivars. Accessions (n = 123) from the P. sativum Plant Introduction (PI) collection with the highest relative levels of resistance to one strain of Aphanomyces euteiches were previously identified from among approximately 2,500 accessions evaluated. The chosen 123 accessions were evaluated in this study for resistance to root rot caused by multiple strains of this pathogen. Five strains representing different US geographical locations and pathogenicity characteristics were used to evaluate pea seedlings in a greenhouse. Disease severity (DS) and percent loss of fresh biomass (inoculated vs. non-inoculated plants) were determined 15 days after inoculation. Significant differences (P = 0.05) in levels of DS and biomass loss (BL) occurred among the accessions after inoculation individually with the five strains. The relative rank of accessions based on DS and BL varied with the strain of A. euteiches used for inoculations. The 20 accessions with the lowest DS after inoculation with each strain were identified. Based on lowest DS, two accessions were among the 20 identified with all five individual strains, and four other accessions were among the 20 identified with four of the five strains. The results suggest that the P. sativum PI collection contains useful accessions for breeding programs aimed at developing pea varieties with resistance to A. euteiches.

Response of Aphanomyces euteiches mycelia, zoospore, and oospore to oat extract

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 687-690
Author(s):  
M. A. Chandler ◽  
V. A. Fritz ◽  
R. R. Allmaras
Keyword(s):  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Aphanomyces Euteiches ◽  
Economic Threat ◽  
Pisum Sativum L ◽  
Production Research ◽  
Reduce Disease Severity

Root rot (Aphanomyces euteiches Drechs.) is a serious economic threat to pea (Pisum sativum L.) production. Research has shown a late-summer-seeded oat (Avena sativa L .) crop can reduce disease severity. A. euteiches was exposed to extracts of oat cvs. Bay and Ogle. Oat extract significantly enhanced mycelial growth of the pathogen. Key words: Root rot, biological control, green manure, Pisum sativum

scholarly journals Use of One Cycle of Recurrent Selection per Year for Increasing Resistance to Aphanomyces Root Rot in Peas

1992 ◽  
Vol 117 (4) ◽  
pp. 638-642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark E. Lewis ◽  
Earl T. Gritton
Keyword(s):  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Recurrent Selection ◽  
Control Line ◽  
Aphanomyces Euteiches ◽  
Field Screening ◽  
Phenotypic Recurrent Selection ◽  
Selection Intensities

The effectiveness of one cycle (C) per year of phenotypic recurrent selection was evaluated for improving tolerance of peas (Pisum sativum L.) to aphanomyces root rot (Aphanomyces euteiches Drech.). Each cycle included field-screening a population of F2 lines (summer), diallel intermating among lines selected from the field (fall greenhouse), and one generation of selfing F1 plants (spring greenhouse) to produce F2 lines for the next cycle. The schedule is repeated for each cycle. A blocks-within-replicates design was employed in the field screening of C1 and C2 to improve within-block homogeneity. Selection intensities were 12.4%, 11.1%, and 10.6% for C0, C1, and C2, respectively. Using the performance of a tolerant control line, Mn 108, as a basis of comparison, the realized gain in dry seed yield and survival was 32% and 68% from C0 to C1 and 22% and 115% from C1 to C2, respectively.

Suppression of Pea(Pisum sativum)Root Rot by Dinitroaniline Herbicides

Weed Science ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 609-613 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Teasdale ◽  
R. G. Harvey ◽  
D. J. Hagedorn
Keyword(s):  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Aphanomyces Euteiches ◽  
Average Yield ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Common Root ◽  
Common Root Rot ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Plant Stand ◽  
Dinitroaniline Herbicides

Nine substituted dinitronaline herbicides were studied to determine their effectiveness in controlling common root rot of peas(Pisum sativumL.) caused byAphanomyces euteichesDrechs. under field conditions. Most of the dinitroaniline herbicide treatments increased plant stand, plant fresh weight, and shelled pea yield due to root rot suppression in each of the three years studied. Weed control was good in all plots and did not contribute to yield differences. Root rot suppression and crop injury were the primary determinants of yields. The greatest yield increases when compared with the weeded control were 82% for 0.56 kg/ha of dinitramine(N4,N4-diethyl-α,α,α-trifluoro-3,5-dinitrotoluene-2,4-diamine) in 1974, 80% for 0.84 kg/ha of fluchloralin [N-(2-chloroethyl)-2,6-dinitro-N-propyl-4-(trifluoromethyl) aniline] in 1975, and 26% for 1.68 kg/ha of pendimethalin [N-(1-ethylpropyl)-3,4-dimethyl-2,6-dinitrobenzenamine] in 1976. The best average yield increases over all years were 54% for the combination of trifluralin (α,α,α-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-p-toluidine) and oryzalin (3,5-dinitro-N4,N4-dipropylsulfanilamide) at 0.56 + 0.56 kg/ha, 49% for fluchloralin at 0.84 kg/ha, and 43% for pendimethalin at 0.84 kg/ha. Annual applications of 0.84 kg/ha of trifluralin delayed the rate of pathogen infestation of a field repeatedly planted to peas.

Mechanism for the Suppression of pea (Pisum sativum) Root Rot by Dinitroaniline Herbicides

Weed Science ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Teasdale ◽  
R. G. Harvey ◽  
D. J. Hagedorn
Keyword(s):  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Solution Culture ◽  
Spore Production ◽  
Aphanomyces Euteiches ◽  
Sensitive Stage ◽  
Zoospore Production ◽  
Asexual Spore ◽  
Pea Roots ◽  
Dinitroaniline Herbicides

Pea (Pisum sativumL. ‘Elf’) root rot suppression by dinitroaniline herbicides could not be explained by a direct effect on the host. Pre-incubation of pea roots with 0.1 ppmw of oryzalin (3,5-dinitro-N4,N4-dipropylsulfanilamide) or trifluralin (α,α,α-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-p-toluidine) in solution culture did not alter their resistance to root rot. Furthermore, 0.1 ppmw of oryzalin or trifluralin did not alter the exudation of electrolytes or α-amino compounds from pea roots. Most of the dinitroaniline herbicides significantly inhibited mycelial radial growth of pathogen,Aphanomyces euteichesDrechs., at 1.0 ppmw and inhibited asexual spore production at 0.1 to 1.0 ppmw. Dinitramine (N4,N4-diethyl-α,α,α-trifluoro-3,5-dinitrotoluene-2,4-diamine), fluchloralin [N-(2-chloroethyl)-2,6-dinitro-N-propyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)aniline], and oryzalin inhibitedA. euteichesmycelial growth and asexual reproduction more effectively than the other dinitroaniline herbicides studied. The production of motile zoospores, the infecting propagule of the pathogen, was the most sensitive stage in the life cycle and was completely inhibited by 0.01 ppmw of all dinitroaniline herbicides tested. Since this concentration is below that estimated in the soil solution at registered rates of application, inhibition of motile zoospore production is sufficient to explain root rot suppression. Inhibition of pathogen motility resulted in a 2-week delay in the infection of pea roots. This delay allowed sufficient additional plant growth that the peas could better withstand the effects of subsequent disease development.

scholarly journals Genomic Approaches for Understanding Virulence and Resistance in the Sunflower-Orobanche Host-Parasite Interaction

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel M. Joel ◽  
Steven J. Knapp ◽  
Yaakov Tadmor
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Mapping ◽  
Ssr Markers ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Dna Markers ◽  
Snp Array ◽  
Snp Markers ◽  
R Genes ◽  
Draft Sequence ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
Sunflower Genome

Oroginal Objectives: (i) identify DNA markers linked to the avirulence (Avr) locus and locate the Avr locus through genetic mapping with an inter-race Orobanche cumana population; (ii) develop high-throughput fingerprint DNA markers for genotypingO. cumana races; (iii) identify nucleotide binding domain leucine rich repeat (NB-LRR) genes encoding R proteins conferring resistance to O. cumana in sunflower; (iv) increase the resolution of the chromosomal segment harboring Or₅ and related R genes through genetic and physical mapping in previously and newly developed mapping populations of sunflower; and (v) develop high-throughput DNA markers for rapidly and efficiently identifying and transferring sunflower R genes through marker-assisted selection. Revisions made during the course of project: Following changes in O. cumana race distribution in Israel, the newly arrived virulent race H was chosen for further analysis. HA412-HO, which was primarily chosen as a susceptible sunflower cultivar, was more resistant to the new parasite populations than var. Shemesh, thus we shifted sunflower research into analyzing the resistance of HA412-HO. We exceeded the deliverables for Objectives #3-5 by securing funding for complete physical and high-density genetic mapping of the sunflower genome, in addition to producing a complete draft sequence of the sunflower genome. We discovered limited diversity between the parents of the O. cumana population developed for the mapping study. Hence, the developed DNA marker resources were insufficient to support genetic map construction. This objective was beyond the scale and scope of the funding. This objective is challenging enough to be the entire focus of follow up studies. Background to the topic: O. cumana, an obligate parasitic weed, is one of the most economically important and damaging diseases of sunflower, causes significant yield losses in susceptible genotypes, and threatens production in Israel and many other countries. Breeding for resistance has been crucial for protecting sunflower from O. cumana, and problematic because new races of the pathogen continually emerge, necessitating discovery and deployment of new R genes. The process is challenging because of the uncertainty in identifying races in a genetically diverse parasite. Major conclusions, solutions, achievements: We developed a small collection of SSR markers for genetic mapping in O. cumana and completed a diversity study to lay the ground for objective #1. Because DNA sequencing and SNPgenotyping technology dramatically advanced during the course of the study, we recommend shifting future work to SNP discovery and mapping using array-based approaches, instead of SSR markers. We completed a pilot study using a 96-SNP array, but it was not large enough to support genetic mapping in O.cumana. The development of further SNPs was beyond the scope of the grant. However, the collection of SSR markers was ideal for genetic diversity analysis, which indicated that O. cumanapopulations in Israel considerably differ frompopulations in other Mediterranean countries. We supplied physical and genetic mapping resources for identifying R-genes in sunflower responsible for resistance to O. cumana. Several thousand mapped SNP markers and a complete draft of the sunflower genome sequence are powerful tools for identifying additional candidate genes and understanding the genomic architecture of O. cumana-resistanceanddisease-resistance genes. Implications: The OrobancheSSR markers have utility in sunflower breeding and genetics programs, as well as a tool for understanding the heterogeneity of races in the field and for geographically mapping of pathotypes.The segregating populations of both Orobanche and sunflower hybrids are now available for QTL analyses.

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