scholarly journals Evaluation of the in vivo Antihypertensive Effect and Antioxidant Activity of HL-7 and HL-10 Peptide in Mice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Setayesh-Mehr ◽  
Leila Vafadar Ghasemi ◽  
Ahmad Asoodeh
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Scorpion Venom ◽  
Antihypertensive Activity ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Antihypertensive Properties ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Hl 7

Abstract In this study, the in vivo antioxidant and antihypertensive properties of peptides HL-7 with the sequence of YLYELR and HL-10 with the sequence of AFPYYGHHLG were identified from scorpion venom of H. lepturus were evaluated. To study the in vivo effects of peptides, D-galactose-induced and DOCA salt-induced mice models were used. The results of the antioxidant assay for both peptides showed that the activity of serum and liver catalase (CAT), as well as superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzymes, was significantly decreased in the D-galactose-induced group (NC), while MDA levels were increased in serum and the liver tissue samples (p<0.01). Compared with the D-galactose-induced mice, the peptide treated mice group had a higher activity of antioxidant enzymes namely CAT and SOD, as well as a lower lipid peroxidation level. Also, the results of antihypertensive activity for both peptides showed that systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) of the mice treated with the HL-7 and HL-10 peptides were significantly reduced in a dose-dependent manner (p<0.01). The administration of the HL-7 peptide at doses of 5 mg/kg BW (LP1) and 15 mg/kg BW (HP1) significantly diminished the mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) by 31 mmHg and 40.47 mmHg, respectively. Accordingly, treatment of mice with the HL-10 peptide at doses of 5 mg/kg BW (LP2) and 15 mg/kg BW (HP2) considerably lowered the MAP by 18.3 mmHg and 21.93 mmHg, respectively. Our findings suggest that both the HL-7 and HL-10 peptides could be potentially utilized as antihypertensive and antioxidant components.

Vasorelaxant and Antihypertensive Effects of Mentha pulegium L. in Rats: An in vitro and in vivo Approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Ajebli ◽  
Mohamed Eddouks
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Acute Experiment ◽  
Antihypertensive Activity ◽  
Mentha Pulegium ◽  
In Vitro Experiment ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Ca2 Channels

Aims and objective: The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of aqueous aerial part extract of Mentha pulegium L. (Pennyrile) (MPAE) on arterial pressure parameters in rats. Background: Mentha pulegium is a medicinal plant used to treat hypertension in Morocco. Material and methods: In the current study, MPAE was prepared and its antihypertensive activity was pharmacologically investigated. L-NAME-hypertensive and normotensive rats have received orally MPAE (180 and 300 mg/kg) during six hours for the acute experiment and during seven days for the sub-chronic treatment. Thereafter, systolic, diastolic, mean arterial blood pressure and heart rate were evaluated. While, in the in vitro experiment, isolated denuded and intact thoracic aortic rings were suspended in a tissue bath system and the tension changes were recorded. Results: A fall in blood pressure was observed in L-NAME-induced hypertensive treated with MPAE. The extract also produced a dose-dependent relaxation of aorta pre-contracted with NE and KCl. The study showed that the vasorelaxant ability of MPAE seems to be exerted through the blockage of extracellular Ca2+ entry. Conclusion: The results demonstrate that the extract of pennyrile exhibits antihypertensive activity. In addition, the effect may be, at least in part, due to dilation of blood vessels via blockage of Ca2+ channels.

scholarly journals Clerodendrum Chinensis Extracts; AeC and EeC Exerts Rapid Antihypertensive Effects in L-NAME Hypertensive Experimental Models

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joy I. Odimegwu ◽  
Tolulope F. Okanlawon ◽  
Obumneme Noel ◽  
Ismail Ishola
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Mean Differences ◽  
Antihypertensive Properties ◽  
Dose Dependent

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe rise in occurrence of hypertension, a non-communicable disease and a major factor for chronic renal failure, cardiovascular disease, and stroke, which most times lead to sudden death is worrisome. Resistant hypertension is more common and may have no symptoms at all for months or years, but then can cause heart attack, stroke, and vision and kidney damage. Prevention and quick management of hypertension are therefore essential in reducing the risk of these debilitating ailments. Aqueous and ethanolic extracts of the leaves of Clerodendrum chinensis (AeC and EeC) are used by local communities of West Africa as medicine for rapid antihypertensive actions. We aim to discover the scientific basis for the use of the herb as medicine.MethodsThis work investigates the antihypertensive effects of AeC and EeC in L-Arginine Methyl Ester Hydrochloride (L-NAME)-induced hypertensive rats Acetylcholine, L-Arginine and Sodium Nitroprusside were used as standards. All results were expressed as means ± standard error of mean. Differences were considered significant at p <0.05.ResultsIntravenous administration of the extracts caused a significant decrease in the Mean Arterial Blood Pressure (MABP) in a dose-dependent manner. AeC at 100mg/kg caused a significant decline in blood pressure in a dose-related manner. Likewise at 100mg/kg, EeC reduced MABP steadily from 103.9± 2.55 to 34.1± 0.95mmHg. The two extracts; possess significant antihypertensive properties.ConclusionsBoth extracts show significant antihypertensive effects and at high doses could lead to hypotension and so should be used with care. Further research is necessary to determine safe dosage forms.

Cardiovascular Effects of Micromeria graeca (L.) Benth. ex Rchb in Normotensive and Hypertensive Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 1253-1261
Author(s):  
Mourad Akdad ◽  
Mohamed Eddouks
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
Antihypertensive Activity ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Vasorelaxant Effect ◽  
Arterial Blood

Aims: The present study was performed in order to analyze the antihypertensive activity of Micromeria graeca (L.) Benth. ex Rchb. Background: Micromeria graeca (L.) Benth. ex Rchb is an aromatic and medicinal plant belonging to the Lamiaceae family. This herb is used to treat various pathologies such as cardiovascular disorders. Meanwhile, its pharmacological effects on the cardiovascular system have not been studied. Objective: The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of aqueous extract of aerial parts of Micromeria graeca (AEMG) on the cardiovascular system in normotensive and hypertensive rats. Methods: In this study, the cardiovascular effect of AEMG was evaluated using in vivo and in vitro investigations. In order to assess the acute effect of AEMG on the cardiovascular system, anesthetized L-NAME-hypertensive and normotensive rats received AEMG (100 mg/kg) orally and arterial blood pressure parameters were monitored during six hours. In the sub-chronic study, rats were orally treated for one week, followed by blood pressure assessment during one week of treatment. Blood pressure was measured using a tail-cuff and a computer-assisted monitoring device. In the second experiment, isolated rat aortic ring pre-contracted with Epinephrine (EP) or KCl was used to assess the vasorelaxant effect of AEMG. Results: Oral administration of AEMG (100 mg/kg) provoked a decrease of arterial blood pressure parameters in hypertensive rats. In addition, AEMG induced a vasorelaxant effect in thoracic aortic rings pre-contracted with EP (10 μM) or KCl (80 mM). This effect was attenuated in the presence of propranolol and methylene blue. While in the presence of glibenclamide, L-NAME, nifedipine or Indomethacin, the vasorelaxant effect was not affected. Conclusion: This study showed that Micromeria graeca possesses a potent antihypertensive effect and relaxes the vascular smooth muscle through β-adrenergic and cGMP pathways.

Effect of endothelin-1 on pulmonary resistance in rats

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 2391-2393 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Matsuse ◽  
Y. Fukuchi ◽  
T. Suruda ◽  
T. Nagase ◽  
Y. Ouchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
Mean Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
Bolus Administration ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Pulmonary Resistance ◽  
Endothelin 1 ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Dose Dependent

We examined the effect of endothelin-1 (ET-1), a novel 21-residue vasoconstrictor peptide, on pulmonary resistance (RL) in Wistar rats. The lung volume, tracheal flow, and transpulmonary pressure of tracheotomized and paralyzed rats were measured with a fluid-filled esophageal catheter and a pressure-sensitive body plethysmograph. RL was calculated by the method of von Neergaard. The femoral artery was cannulated to measure the mean arterial blood pressure. Intravenous bolus administration of synthetic ET-1 provoked a dose-dependent increase in RL in rats. The bronchoconstricting effect reached maximum at 500 pmol/kg. This bronchoconstriction was observed in less than 5 min, increased up to 15 min, and was sustained for 60 min. ET-1 increased the mean arterial blood pressure in a dose-dependent manner. We conclude that ET-1 is a hitherto unknown potent bronchoconstrictor that has a sustained effect in vivo. The potential physiological and pathophysiological role of this new peptide in the development of respiratory disease warrants further investigation.

High altitude hypoxia and blood pressure dysregulation in adult chickens

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. Herrera ◽  
C. E. Salinas ◽  
C. E. Blanco ◽  
M. Villena ◽  
D. A. Giussani
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Function ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Cardiovascular Development ◽  
Placental Perfusion ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Increased Risk

Although it is accepted that impaired placental perfusion in complicated pregnancy can slow fetal growth and programme an increased risk of cardiovascular dysfunction at adulthood, the relative contribution of reductions in fetal nutrition and in fetal oxygenation as the triggering stimulus remains unclear. By combining high altitude (HA) with the chick embryo model, we have previously isolated the direct effects of HA hypoxia on embryonic growth and cardiovascular development before hatching. This study isolated the effects of developmental hypoxia on cardiovascular function measured in vivo in conscious adult male and female chickens. Chick embryos were incubated, hatched and raised at sea level (SL, nine males and nine females) or incubated, hatched and raised at HA (seven males and seven females). At 6 months of age, vascular catheters were inserted under general anaesthesia. Five days later, basal blood gas status, basal cardiovascular function and cardiac baroreflex responses were investigated. HA chickens had significantly lower basal arterial PO2 and haemoglobin saturation, and significantly higher haematocrit than SL chickens, independent of the sex of the animal. HA chickens had significantly lower arterial blood pressure than SL chickens, independent of the sex of the animal. Although the gain of the arterial baroreflex was decreased in HA relative to SL male chickens, it was increased in HA relative to SL female chickens. We show that development at HA lowers basal arterial blood pressure and alters baroreflex sensitivity in a sex-dependent manner at adulthood.

Diaphragmatic microcirculation during halothane and isoflurane exposure in pentobarbital-anesthetized rats

1992 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 1614-1618 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Leon ◽  
J. Boczkowski ◽  
B. Dureuil ◽  
E. Vicaut ◽  
M. Aubier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Capillary Density ◽  
Baseline Period ◽  
Functional Capillary Density ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Minimal Alveolar Concentration ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Anesthetized Rats ◽  
Isoflurane Group ◽  
Dose Dependent

We investigated the effects of halothane and isoflurane on diaphragmatic microcirculation in pentobarbital-anesthetized rats by in vivo video microscopy. After a baseline period, rats were randomly allocated into three groups according to administration of 0.5, 0.75, and 1 minimal alveolar concentration (MAC) of either halothane (group Hal, n = 16), isoflurane (group Iso, n = 14), or no halogenated agent (group C, n = 20) in three succeeding steps of 15 min. Mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), arteriolar diameters, and functional capillary density were analyzed in the last 3 min of each step. MAP remained unchanged in group C but decreased in a dose-dependent manner in both halogenated receiving groups. MAP was significantly lower in rats breathing Hal compared with those breathing Iso. Arterioles were classified in second (A2, n = 39), third (A3, n = 24), and fourth (A4, n = 30) order according to their relative location in the network. No changes in A2 and A3 diameters were noted in either group. A4 diameters remained unchanged in groups C and Iso, whereas a significant reduction was found in group Hal at 0.75 and 1 MAC exposure (P < 0.05 compared with baseline and with groups C and Iso, respectively). During Iso exposure, functional capillary density was not significantly different when compared with baseline and group C, whereas in group Hal it decreased significantly at 0.5, 0.75, and 1 MAC, amounting to 61.1 +/- 9, 30.7 +/- 10.3, and 22.8 +/- 6.3%, respectively, of baseline (P < 0.01 vs. baseline and P < 0.05 vs. groups Iso and C for 0.75 and 1 MAC).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Effects of gluco- and antiglucocorticoids on renal and aortic prostaglandin synthesis

1986 ◽  
Vol 251 (5) ◽  
pp. F810-F816 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Grunfeld ◽  
L. Eloy ◽  
A. Araujo ◽  
F. Russo-Marie
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Ru 486 ◽  
Pge2 Release ◽  
In Vivo Effects ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Prostacyclin Production ◽  
Prostacyclin Synthesis

The effects of glucocorticoid agonists RU 26988 (G) and dexamethasone (D) and antagonist RU 486 (AG) on aortic and renal prostaglandin (PG) production were studied in Wistar rats. Blood pressure increased in rats administered G (20 mg X kg-1 X day-1) during 1 or 3 days; such increase was prevented by AG (100 mg X kg-1 X day-1). Renal papillary PGE2 release was increased after a 3-day administration of G, and this was prevented by AG. Neither G nor AG altered basal 6-keto-PGF1 alpha aortic production. However, G inhibited and AG magnified the stimulatory effect of ionophore A 23187, added in vitro, on 6-keto-PGF1 alpha production; AG reversed G inhibition. In addition, AG alone (20 mg X kg-1 X day-1 X 3 days) enhanced the stimulatory effect of angiotensin II (10(-8) M), added in vitro, on 6-keto-PGF1 alpha release. In vitro studies were performed on renomedullary interstitial cells grown in culture; G and D depressed PGE2 production in a dose-dependent manner; AG at equimolar 10(-8) M concentration inhibited this effect. In conclusion, AG inhibits the effects of G on blood pressure and PG synthesis. G exerts strong depressor activity on in vitro PGE2 renal production, whereas in vivo effects are more complex. Endogenous G inhibits aortic prostacyclin production, an action unmasked by AG administration. Diminished stimulation of vascular prostacyclin synthesis may contribute to vascular hyperreactivity in G-induced hypertension.

Mg2+-induced endothelium-dependent relaxation of blood vessels and blood pressure lowering: role of NO

2000 ◽  
Vol 278 (3) ◽  
pp. R628-R639 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi-Wei Yang ◽  
Asefa Gebrewold ◽  
Maja Nowakowski ◽  
Bella T. Altura ◽  
Burton M. Altura
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Pressure Effects ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Concentration Dependent Manner ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
No Release ◽  
Endothelium Dependent Relaxation

In vitro extracellular Mg2+ concentration ([Mg2+]0) produces endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent relaxations in rat aorta in a concentration-dependent manner. These relaxant effects of Mg2+ on intact rat aortic rings, but not denuded rat aortic rings, were suppressed by either N G-monomethyl-l-arginine (l-NMMA), N ω-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME), or methylene blue. The inhibitory effects of l-NMMA and l-NAME could be reversed partly by l-arginine. [Mg2+]0-induced dilatation in vivo in rat mesenteric arterioles and venules was almost completely inhibited by N G-nitro-l-arginine andl-NMMA. Removal of extracellular Ca2+concentration ([Ca2+]0) or buffering intracellular Ca2+ concentration in endothelial cells, with 10 μM 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane- N, N, N′, N′-tetraacetic acid-AM, markedly attenuated the relaxant effects of Mg2+. Mg2+ produced nitric oxide (NO) release from the intact aortic rings in a concentration-dependent manner. Removal of [Ca2+]0 diminished the increased NO release induced by elevated levels of [Mg2+]0. In vivo infusion of increasing doses (1–30 μM/min) of MgSO4, directly into the femoral veins of anesthetized rats, elicited significant concentration-dependent sustained increases in serum total Mg and concomitant decreases in arterial blood pressure. Before and after employment of various doses of MgSO4, intravenous administration of either l-NMMA (10 mg/kg) orl-NAME (10 mg/kg) increased (i.e., reversed) the MgSO4-lowered blood pressure markedly, and intravenous injection of l-arginine restored partially the increased blood pressure effects of both l-NMMA andl-NAME. Our results suggest that 1) small blood vessels are very dependent on NO release for Mg2+dilatations and 2) the endothelium-dependent relaxation induced by extracellular Mg2+ is mediated by release of endothelium-derived relaxing factor-NO from the endothelium, and requires Ca2+ and formation of guanosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate.

scholarly journals Resuscitation with Lipid Emulsion

2014 ◽  
Vol 120 (4) ◽  
pp. 915-925 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael R. Fettiplace ◽  
Belinda S. Akpa ◽  
Richard Ripper ◽  
Brian Zider ◽  
Jason Lang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Emulsion ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Cardiovascular Toxicity ◽  
Intravenous Lipid Emulsion ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Drug Sequestration ◽  
Dose Dependent

Abstract Background: Recent publications have questioned the validity of the “lipid sink” theory of lipid resuscitation while others have identified sink-independent effects and posed alternative mechanisms such as hemodilution. To address these issues, the authors tested the dose-dependent response to intravenous lipid emulsion during reversal of bupivacaine-induced cardiovascular toxicity in vivo. Subsequently, the authors modeled the relative contribution of volume resuscitation, drug sequestration, inotropy and combined drug sequestration, and inotropy to this response with the use of an in silico model. Methods: Rats were surgically prepared to monitor cardiovascular metrics and deliver drugs. After catheterization and instrumentation, animals received a nonlethal dose of bupivacaine to produce transient cardiovascular toxicity, then were randomized to receive one of the four treatments: 30% intravenous lipid emulsion, 20% intravenous lipid emulsion, intravenous saline, or no treatment (n = 7 per condition; 28 total animals). Recovery responses were compared with the predictions of a pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic model parameterized using previously published laboratory data. Results: Rats treated with lipid emulsions recovered faster than did rats treated with saline or no treatment. Intravenous lipid emulsion of 30% elicited the fastest hemodynamic recovery followed in order by 20% intravenous lipid emulsion, saline, and no treatment. An increase in arterial blood pressure underlay the recovery in both lipid emulsion–treated groups. Heart rates remained depressed in all four groups throughout the observation period. Model predictions mirrored the experimental recovery, and the model that combined volume, sequestration, and inotropy predicted in vivo results most accurately. Conclusion: Intravenous lipid emulsion accelerates cardiovascular recovery from bupivacaine toxicity in a dose-dependent manner, which is driven by a cardiotonic response that complements the previously reported sequestration effect.

A C TYPE NATRIURETIC PEPTIDE IS A VASODILATOR IN VIVO AND IN VITRO IN THE COMMON DOGFISH

1992 ◽  
Vol 133 (2) ◽  
pp. R1-R4 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Bjenning ◽  
Y. Takei ◽  
T.X. Watanabe ◽  
K. Nakajima ◽  
S. Sakakibara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
Natriuretic Peptide ◽  
Natriuretic Peptides ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Brain Natriuretic Peptides ◽  
Dose Dependent

ABSTRACT The effects of an elasmbranch cardiac C-type natriuretic peptide (dogfish CNP-22) on arterial blood pressure were investigated in vivo in chronically cannulated dogfish Scyliorhinus canicula and in vitro by a myographic technique using the distal part of the first branchial artery. In-vivo dogfish CNP-22 caused a dose-dependent reduction in mean arterial blood pressure which was much more potent than that of α-human ANP. In-vitro dogfish CNP-22 also caused a dose-dependent relaxation which was independent of the endothelium. These results are in marked contrast to those obtained in similar studies on other vertebrate species in which CNP exhibited only mild hypotensive effects compared to both atrial and brain natriuretic peptides. This study indicates the importance of using homologous peptides in determing the physiological role of natriuretic peptides in non-mammalian vertebrates.

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