Inserting a Drainage Strip into the Pre-tracheal Space to Treat Tension Pneumomediastinum: A Case-control Study

Abstract Background: Pneumomediastinum is an emergency pediatric disease. A severe tension pneumomediastinum can result in respiratory and circulatory dysfunction. However, few papers describe surgical methods to treat tension pneumomediastinum in a normative manner.Methods: We did a case-control study of 104 pediatric patients with tension pneumomediastinum and comorbid type II respiratory failure. Fifty-two patients were treated with a drainage strip being inserted into the pre-tracheal space while other 52 patients were treated without drainage. Arterial blood pO2 and pCO2 after 30 minutes and 12 hours of mechanical ventilation, chest radiography results after 12 hours of mechanical ventilation, and the length of stay in PICU of the two groups were analyzed by paired t-tests and Chi-square.Results: Chest radiography after 12 hours of mechanical ventilation showed that the pneumomediastinum basically disappeared in the surgery group but did not decrease significantly in the control group. The arterial blood pCO2 after 12 hours of mechanical ventilation and the length of stay in PICU were significantly lower in the surgery group than in the control group (p<0.001, p<0.001), while the arterial blood pO2 after 12 hours of mechanical ventilation was significantly higher in the surgery group than in the control group (p<0.001). There were no significant intergroup differences in other variables. No recurrence occurred in either group during 7–14 days after discharge, and all patients recovered.Conclusions: Our method for draining tension pneumomediastinum improved respiratory function and shortened the length of stay in PICU.Trial registration: ChiCTR2000039496. Date of registration: 2021/2/25 (retrospectively registered).

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Inserting a Drainage Strip into the Pre-tracheal Space to Treat Tension Pneumomediastinum: A Case-control Study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-275805/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Qianli Liu ◽

Song Wu ◽

Chun Hong ◽

Xiaohui Li

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Ventilation ◽

Chest Radiography ◽

Total Duration ◽

Severe Pneumonia ◽

Control Group ◽

Excessive Pressure ◽

Arterial Blood ◽

Surgery Group ◽

Mechanical Ventilation Duration ◽

Control Study

Abstract Background: A Severe tension pneumomediastinum can result in respiratory and circulatory dysfunction. Common etiologies include severe pneumonia such as COVID-19 pneumonia, asthma, excessive pressure from a ventilator, etc. we describe a method for draining tension pneumomediastinum by inserting a drainage strip into the pre-tracheal space.Methods:Design: Case-control.Setting: Data from a medical institution in southern China.Participants: 30 patients with tension pneumomediastinum and comorbid type II respiratory failure.Interventions: 15 patients (surgery group) were treated with a drainage strip being inserted into the pre-tracheal space while other 15 patients (control group) were treated without drainage.Outcome measures: Arterial blood pO2 and pCO2 after 30 minutes and 12 hours of mechanical ventilation, total duration of mechanical ventilation, and chest radiography results after 12 hours of mechanical ventilation.Results: Chest radiography after 12 hours of mechanical ventilation showed that the pneumomediastinum basically disappeared in the surgery group but did not decrease significantly in the control group. The arterial blood pCO2 after 12 hours of mechanical ventilation and total duration of mechanical ventilation were significantly lower in the surgery group than in the control group (95% CI -3.31 to -1.36, p<0.001; 95% CI -5.56 to -2.84, p<0.001), while the arterial blood pO2 after 12 hours of mechanical ventilation was significantly higher in the surgery group than in the control group (95% CI 1.76 to 7.57, p=0.004). There were no significant intergroup differences in other variables. No recurrence occurred in either group during 7–14 days after discharge, and all patients recovered.Conclusions: Our method for draining tension pneumomediastinum improved respiratory function and shortened mechanical ventilation duration.Trial registration: ChiCTR2000039496Data sharing statement: Technical appendix, statistical code, and dataset available from the FigShare repository, https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.13487295.

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Assessment of Craniofacial Morphology in Mouth Breathing Children. A retrospective case-control study

Revista de Chimie ◽

10.37358/rc.19.10.7614 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 70 (10) ◽

pp. 3649-3653

Author(s):

David Angelescu ◽

Teodora Angelescu ◽

Meda Romana Simu ◽

Alexandrina Muntean ◽

Anca Stefania Mesaros ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Craniofacial Morphology ◽

Respiratory Pattern ◽

Control Group ◽

Upper Lip ◽

Retrospective Case ◽

Oral Breathing ◽

Facial Height ◽

Control Study

The aim of this retrospective case-control study is to determine a possible correlation between breathing mode and craniofacial morphology. The study was carried out in the Department of Pedodontics,Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania. The sample comprised 80 patients, age between 6 and 13 years, which were divided in two groups based on respiratory pattern: control group composed of 38 nasal breathing children and case group composed of 42 oral breathing children. Three quantitative craniofacial parameters were measured from the frontal and lateral photos: facial index, lower facial height ratio and upper lip ratio. The statistical analysis showed a significant higher facial index (p=0.006*) and an increase lower facial height (p=0.033*) for the oral breathers group. No differences in facial morphology were found between genders and age groups, when comparing the data between the same type of respiratory pattern children. Spearman�s rho Correlation show a significant positive correlation (p=0.002*) between facial index and lower facial height and a significant negative correlation between facial index and upper lip (p=0,005*). Long faces children are more likely to develop oral breathing in certain conditions, which subsequently have a negative effect on increasing the lower facial height by altering the postural behavior of mandible and tongue.

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Association of Serum Homocysteine Level and Interstitial Lung Disease in Systemic Sclerosis: A Case-control Study

Current Rheumatology Reviews ◽

10.2174/1573397114666180628162907 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 74-78

Author(s):

Mohammadali Nazarinia ◽

Asghar Zare ◽

Mohammad javad Fallahi ◽

Mesbah Shams

Keyword(s):

Systemic Sclerosis ◽

Healthy Subjects ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Homocysteine Level ◽

Case Control ◽

Control Group ◽

Lung Involvement ◽

Serum Homocysteine ◽

The Mean ◽

Control Study

Background:Systemic sclerosis is a disorder of connective tissue with unknown cause, affecting the skin and internal organs, characterized by fibrotic changes.Objective:To determine the correlation between serum homocysteine level and interstitial lung involvement in systemic sclerosis. Materials and Methods: In this case – control study, 59 patients who fulfilled the ACR/EULAR classification criteria for systemic sclerosis and were referred to Hafez Hospital of Shiraz, Iran, were included as the case group. Fifty nine healthy subjects were involved as the control group. Patients were divided into two groups based on interstitial lung involvement and two subtypes, diffuse and limited type. Serum homocysteine, vitamin B12, and folate levels compared between the controls, and cases groups.Results:Of 59 case and control group, 53 (%89.8) were female and the mean age did not differ in both groups (P=0.929). Thirty five (%59.3) patients had interstitial lung involvement and 38(%64.4) had diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis. The mean serum homocysteine level was 13.9±6.3 µmol/L in the case and 13.7±9.2 µmol/L in the control group (P=0.86). The mean serum homocysteine level did not differ between the patients with and without interstitial lung involvement (P=0.52). The patients with lung involvement was older than those without lung involvement (P=0.004). Lung disease was more common in diffuse type (P=0.014).Conclusion:In our study, serum homocysteine level did not differ between the patients and healthy subjects. Also, there was no correlation between serum homocysteine level and lung involvement, but lung involvement was more common in older patients and also diffuse subtype.

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Study of cognitive impairment and genetic polymorphism of SLC41A1 (rs11240569 allele) in Parkinson’s disease in Upper Egypt: case-control study

The Egyptian Journal of Neurology Psychiatry and Neurosurgery ◽

10.1186/s41983-021-00341-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 57 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Hamdy N. El-Tallawy ◽

Tahia H. Saleem ◽

Wafaa M. Farghaly ◽

Heba Mohamed Saad Eldien ◽

Ashraf Khodaery ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Parkinson’S Disease ◽

Parkinson's Disease ◽

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Control Group ◽

Motor Symptoms ◽

And Control ◽

Non Motor Symptoms ◽

Control Study

Abstract Background Parkinson’s disease is one of the neurodegenerative disorders that is caused by genetic and environmental factors or interaction between them. Solute carrier family 41 member 1 within the PARK16 locus has been reported to be associated with Parkinson’s disease. Cognitive impairment is one of the non-motor symptoms that is considered a challenge in Parkinson’s disease patients. This study aimed to investigate the association of rs11240569 polymorphism; a synonymous coding variant in SLC41A1 in Parkinson’s disease patients in addition to the assessment of cognitive impairment in those patients. Results In a case -control study, rs11240569 single nucleotide polymorphisms in SLC41A1, genes were genotyped in 48 Parkinson’s disease patients and 48 controls. Motor and non-motor performance in Parkinson's disease patients were assessed by using the Movement Disorder Society-Sponsored Revision of the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS). The genotype and allele frequencies were compared between the two groups and revealed no significant differences between case and control groups for rs11240569 in SLC41A1 gene with P value .523 and .54, respectively. Cognition was evaluated and showed the mean ± standard deviation (SD) of WAIS score of PD patients 80.4 ± 9.13 and the range was from 61 to 105, in addition to MMSE that showed mean ± SD 21.96 ± 3.8. Conclusion Genetic testing of the present study showed that rs11240569 polymorphism of SLC41A1 gene has no significant differences in distributions of alleles and genotypes between cases and control group, in addition to cognitive impairment that is present in a large proportion of PD patients and in addition to the strong correlation between cognitive impairment and motor and non-motor symptoms progression.

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Association between cardiometabolic disease and severe COVID-19: a nationwide case–control study of patients requiring invasive mechanical ventilation

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2020-044486 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. e044486 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Per Svensson ◽

Robin Hofmann ◽

Henrike Häbel ◽

Tomas Jernberg ◽

Per Nordberg

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Mechanical Ventilation ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Invasive Mechanical Ventilation ◽

Population Based ◽

Case Control ◽

Population Type ◽

Susceptible Patient ◽

Control Study

AimsThe risks associated with diabetes, obesity and hypertension for severe COVID-19 may be confounded and differ by sociodemographic background. We assessed the risks associated with cardiometabolic factors for severe COVID-19 when accounting for socioeconomic factors and in subgroups by age, sex and region of birth.Methods and resultsIn this nationwide case–control study, 1.086 patients admitted to intensive care with COVID-19 requiring mechanical ventilation (cases), and 10.860 population-based controls matched for age, sex and district of residency were included from mandatory national registries. ORs with 95% CIs for associations between severe COVID-19 and exposures with adjustment for confounders were estimated using logistic regression. The median age was 62 years (IQR 52–70), and 3003 (24.9%) were women. Type 2 diabetes (OR, 2.3 (95% CI 1.9 to 2.7)), hypertension (OR, 1.7 (95% CI 1.5 to 2.0)), obesity (OR, 3.1 (95% CI 2.4 to 4.0)) and chronic kidney disease (OR, 2.5 (95% CI 1.7 to 3.7)) were all associated with severe COVID-19. In the younger subgroup (below 57 years), ORs were significantly higher for all cardiometabolic risk factors. The risk associated with type 2 diabetes was higher in women (p=0.001) and in patients with a region of birth outside European Union(EU) (p=0.004).ConclusionDiabetes, obesity and hypertension were all independently associated with severe COVID-19 with stronger associations in the younger population. Type 2 diabetes implied a greater risk among women and in non-EU immigrants. These findings, originating from high-quality Swedish registries, may be important to direct preventive measures such as vaccination to susceptible patient groups.Trial registration numberClinicaltrial.gov (NCT04426084).

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Serum otolin-1 as a biomarker for benign paroxysmal positional vertigo: a case-control study

The Journal of Laryngology & Otology ◽

10.1017/s0022215121001274 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-4

Author(s):

D V K Irugu ◽

A Singh ◽

H Yadav ◽

H Verma ◽

R Kumar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Serum Level ◽

Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Case Control ◽

Control Group ◽

Positional Vertigo ◽

The Difference ◽

Control Study ◽

Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo

Abstract Objectives This study aimed to evaluate serum otolin-1 levels in patients with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo and to compare these levels with healthy individuals. Method This was a case-control study. After obtaining institutional ethical committee clearance, the serum level of otolin-1 was calculated in adult individuals (18–75 years old) who were divided into group 1 (patients presenting with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo) and group 2 (healthy patients without benign paroxysmal positional vertigo as the control group). Data analysis was carried out to compare the serum levels in the cases and controls. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered significant. Results A total of 70 age-matched individuals (cases, n = 40; controls, n = 30) were included in the study. The mean serum level of otolin-1 was 636.8 pg/ml (range, 259–981 pg/ml) in the group of patients with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo and 236.2 pg/ml (range, 189–370 pg/ml) in the control group. The difference was statistically significant (p = 0.0000). Conclusion The serum levels of otolin-1 in patients with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo are significantly higher compared with individuals without benign paroxysmal positional vertigo.

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Whole-Field Indocyanine Green Intensity Analysis to Intraoperatively Predict Cerebral Hyperperfusion Syndrome Following Superficial Temporal Artery-Middle Cerebral Artery Bypass: A Retrospective Case-Control Study in 7-Year Experience With 112 Cases

Operative Neurosurgery ◽

10.1093/ons/opz282 ◽

2019 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yosuke Sato ◽

Tatsuya Sugiyama ◽

Tohru Mizutani

Keyword(s):

Case Control Study ◽

Superficial Temporal Artery ◽

Temporal Artery ◽

Case Control ◽

Control Group ◽

Intensity Analysis ◽

Retrospective Case ◽

Cerebral Hyperperfusion Syndrome ◽

Cerebral Hyperperfusion ◽

Control Study

Abstract BACKGROUND Intraoperative prediction of postoperative cerebral hyperperfusion syndrome (CHS) after cerebrovascular bypass surgery is challenging. OBJECTIVE To conduct a retrospective case-control study with indocyanine green (ICG) intensity analysis of the superficial temporal artery-middle cerebral artery (STA-MCA) bypass and investigate whether its washout pattern might be a marker for intraoperative prediction of CHS. METHODS Between 2012 and 2018, 6 of 112 patients (5.4%) that underwent STA-MCA bypass exhibited CHS. We selected 5 patients with CHS (3 with atherosclerotic cerebrovascular disease [ASCVD] and 2 with moyamoya) and 15 patients without CHS (60% ASCVD and 40% moyamoya) as a matched control group. During prebypass and postbypass, washout times (WTs) for the first 10%, 25%, 50%, and 75% of maximum ICG intensity measured in the whole-camera field were compared between groups. The changes in WT (ΔWT) from prebypass to postbypass for each ICG intensity level were compared between groups. The cutoff ΔWTs, sensitivities, and specificities were also calculated. RESULTS Postbypass WTs were significantly longer in the CHS group than the control group at all ICG intensities (P < .05). ΔWT was significantly greater in the CHS group than the control group for the first 10%, 25%, and 50% ICG intensities (P < .001). A cutoff ΔWT of ≥2.66 s for the first 50% ICG intensity showed a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 100%. CONCLUSION We found that a ΔWT ≥2.66 s for the first 50% ICG intensity could be an intraoperative predictive factor for CHS.

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Associations between Red Blood Cell and Platelet Transfusions and Retinopathy of Prematurity

Neonatology ◽

10.1159/000512020 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Tobias Hengartner ◽

Mark Adams ◽

Riccardo E. Pfister ◽

Diane Snyers ◽

Jane McDougall ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Retinopathy Of Prematurity ◽

Odds Ratio ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Control Group ◽

Case Group ◽

Same Sex ◽

Live Births ◽

Adjusted Logistic Regression ◽

Control Study

Aim: The aim of this study is to examine possible associations between the transfusion of RBC or platelets (PLTs) and the development of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in infants. Methods: This retrospective, national, case-control study included all live births in Switzerland between 2013 and 2018. We investigated preterm infants at a gestational age of <28 weeks, who developed higher stage ROP (≥stage 2, n = 178). Each case infant was matched to another of the same sex who did not develop ROP (n = 178, control group). Results: When compared with the control group, we observed higher numbers of RBC transfusions per infant and higher percentages of infants receiving PLT transfusions in the case group. An adjusted logistic regression analysis revealed that both RBC (odds ratio [OR] 1.081, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.020–1.146) and PLT transfusions (OR = 2.502, 95% CI 1.566–3.998) numbers were associated with ROP development. Conclusions: Multiple RBC and PLT transfusions are associated with higher stage ROP development. Prospective studies are required to determine their potential as risk factors.

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The role of leukotriene modifying agent treatment in neuropsychiatric events of elderly asthma patients: a nested case control study

Asthma Research and Practice ◽

10.1186/s40733-021-00070-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Sang Oh Kang ◽

Kyung Hyun Min ◽

Hyun Jeong Kim ◽

Tae Hyeok Kim ◽

Woorim Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Boxed Warning ◽

Control Group ◽

Case Group ◽

Newly Diagnosed ◽

Crude Odds Ratio ◽

Asthma Patients ◽

Nested Case Control ◽

Control Study

Abstract Background In March 2020, the US Food and Drug Administration decided that the dangers related to neuropsychiatric events (NPEs) of montelukast, one of the leukotriene modifying agents (LTMAs), should be communicated through ‘boxed warning’. In case of NPEs, the prevalence has been the highest in elderly people. Because the characteristics of the elderly such as old age itself can act as risk factors. Therefore, an investigation on safety of LTMAs related to NPEs in elderly using LTMAs is needed. Method A nested case-control study using an elderly sample cohort from the Korean National Health Insurance Service database was used. The asthma cohort included asthma patients newly diagnosed between 2003 and 2013. Within the asthma cohort, the case group was defined as patients who were diagnosed with NPEs. Among patients who had never been diagnosed with NPEs, the control group was selected by matching 1:1 by propensity score. Patients who were prescribed LTMAs for 1 year prior to index date were defined as the exposure group. The logistic regression model was used to measure the effect of LTMAs on NPEs. Results We identified 141,165 patients with newly diagnosed asthma, and selected 31,992 patients per each case and control group. Exposure to LTMAs significantly increased the risk of overall NPEs about in comparison with the absence of exposure (crude odds ratio [OR] 1.58, 95% CI 1.50–1.68). After adjusting for confounding factors, the overall NPEs risk increased (adjusted OR, 1.67, 95% CI 1.58–1.78). Conclusion This study suggests that elderly asthma patients prescribed LTMAs had a higher risk of NPEs than patients who were not treated with LTMAs. Therefore, clinicians should be aware of the potential risks of LTMAs.

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Migraine and Idiopathic Narcolepsy – A Case-Control Study

Cephalalgia ◽

10.1046/j.1468-2982.2003.00594.x ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 23 (8) ◽

pp. 786-789 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Stefan Evers ◽

Keyword(s):

Sleep Disturbances ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Tension Type Headache ◽

Control Group ◽

Migraine Frequency ◽

Type Headache ◽

Control Study

In order to evaluate a possible association between migraine and idiopathic narcolepsy, we performed a multicentre case-control study on the comorbidity of narcolepsy and different headaches. In total, 96 patients with idiopathic narcolepsy were enrolled. The migraine frequency in the patients and in the control group was 21.9% and 19.8%, respectively ( P = 0.722). The migraine features did not differ significantly between both groups. However, headache fulfilling the criteria for tension-type headache was significantly more often reported by narcolepsy patients than by the control group (60.3% vs. 40.7%, P = 0.006). We conclude that there is no association between migraine and narcolepsy but that patients with narcolepsy show more unspecific headache, probably due to sleep disturbances.

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