scholarly journals The Effect of High Temperatures on Risk of Hospitalization in Northern Vietnam

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Radwanur Talukder ◽  
Cordia Chu ◽  
Shannon Rutherford ◽  
Cunrui Huang ◽  
Dung Phung
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Health Impacts ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Northern Vietnam ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Distributed Lag Models ◽  
Specific Temperature ◽  
Increase In Risk

Abstract The evidence on the temperature and morbidity relationship is limited, especially from tropical regions including Vietnam. This study’s objective was to examine the high temperature-hospitalisation relationship in northern Vietnam. To assess ambient temperature hospitalizations associations in seven provinces of northern Vietnam Generalized Linear and Distributed Lag Models were used. Overall risk for all causes, and infectious, cardiovascular, and respiratory admissions in study provinces was estimated using a random-effects meta-analysis. The pooled estimates showed a significant effect of high temperature on same day (Lag 0) hospitalizations. A 1°C increase in temperature was significantly associated with 1.1% (95% Confidence Interval- CI, 0.9–1.4%) increase in risk for all-cause, 2.4% (95% CI, 1.9–2.9%) increase in risk for infectious, 1.3% (95% CI, 0.9–1.6%) increase in risk for respiratory, and 0.5% (95% CI, 0.1–0.9%) increase in risk for cardiovascular disease admissions. However, the province specific temperature-hospitalisation effect was variable and mostly inconsistent for cardiovascular diseases. Our research in northern Vietnam adds to the evidence of high temperatures associated with hospitalisations in a sub-tropical climate. Our findings have important implications for promoting appropriate adaptation strategies to reduce climate change associated health impacts in similar settings.

High Temperature n- and p-type Doped Microcrystalline Silicon Layers Grown by VHF PECVD Layer-by-Layer Deposition

2003 ◽  
Vol 762 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Gordijn ◽  
J.K. Rath ◽  
R.E.I. Schropp
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Continuous Wave ◽  
Hydrogen Plasma ◽  
Silicon Layer ◽  
Dark Conductivity ◽  
High Deposition Rate ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Microcrystalline Silicon

AbstractDue to the high temperatures used for high deposition rate microcrystalline (μc-Si:H) and polycrystalline silicon, there is a need for compact and temperature-stable doped layers. In this study we report on films grown by the layer-by-layer method (LbL) using VHF PECVD. Growth of an amorphous silicon layer is alternated by a hydrogen plasma treatment. In LbL, the surface reactions are separated time-wise from the nucleation in the bulk. We observed that it is possible to incorporate dopant atoms in the layer, without disturbing the nucleation. Even at high substrate temperatures (up to 400°C) doped layers can be made microcrystalline. At these temperatures, in the continuous wave case, crystallinity is hindered, which is generally attributed to the out-diffusion of hydrogen from the surface and the presence of impurities (dopants).We observe that the parameter window for the treatment time for p-layers is smaller compared to n-layers. Moreover we observe that for high temperatures, the nucleation of p-layers is more adversely affected than for n-layers. Thin, doped layers have been structurally, optically and electrically characterized. The best n-layer made at 400°C, with a thickness of only 31 nm, had an activation energy of 0.056 eV and a dark conductivity of 2.7 S/cm, while the best p-layer made at 350°C, with a thickness of 29 nm, had an activation energy of 0.11 V and a dark conductivity of 0.1 S/cm. The suitability of these high temperature n-layers has been demonstrated in an n-i-p microcrystalline silicon solar cell with an unoptimized μc-Si:H i-layer deposited at 250°C and without buffer. The Voc of the cell is 0.48 V and the fill factor is 70 %.

Using distributed lag models to predict regional budget revenues

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 1154-1172
Author(s):  
Yu.V. Granitsa
Keyword(s):  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
Consumer Price Index ◽  
Mathematical Methods ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Key Indicator ◽  
Distributed Lag Models ◽  
Regional Budget ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Financial Result

Subject. The article addresses projections of regional budget revenues, using distributed lag models. Objectives. The purpose is to review economic and statistical tools that are suitable for the analysis of relationship between the revenues of the regional budget system and regional macroeconomic predictors. Methods. The study draws on statistical, constructive, economic and mathematical methods of analysis. Results. In models with quantitative variables obtained under the Almon method, the significant predictors in the forecasting of regional budget revenues are determined mainly by the balanced financial result, the consumer price index, which characterizes inflation processes in the region, and the unemployment rate being the key indicator of the labor market. Models with quantitative variables obtained through the Koyck transformation are characterized by a wider range of predictors, the composition of which is determined by the peculiarities of economic situation in regions. The two-year forecast provides the average lag obtained during the evaluation of the models. The exception is the impact of unemployment rate, which is characterized as long-term. Conclusions. To generate forecasts of budget parameters, the results of both the Koyck method and the Almon method should be considered, though the former is more promising.

NICROFER 5520 Co

Alloy Digest ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
High Temperature Corrosion ◽  
Creep Properties ◽  
Nickel Chromium ◽  
Temperature Performance

Abstract NICROFER 5520 Co is a nickel-chromium-cobalt-molybdenum alloy with excellent strength and creep properties up to high temperatures. Due to its balanced chemical composition the alloy shows outstanding resistance to high temperature corrosion in the form of oxidation and carburization. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, elasticity, and tensile properties. It also includes information on high temperature performance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: Ni-480. Producer or source: VDM Technologies Corporation.

CARLSON ALLOY C601

Alloy Digest ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 43 (7) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Stress Corrosion ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Stress Corrosion Cracking ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Resistance To Stress ◽  
Extended Exposure ◽  
Sulfur Containing

Abstract Carlson Alloy C601 is characterized by high tensile, yield and creep-rupture strengths for high temperature service. The alloy is not embrittled by extended exposure to high temperatures and has excellent resistance to stress-corrosion cracking, to carburizing, nitriding and sulfur containing environments. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, elasticity, and tensile properties as well as creep. It also includes information on forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: Ni-458. Producer or source: G.O. Carlson Inc.

INCOTHERM TD

Alloy Digest ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 54 (11) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Oxidation Resistance ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Rare Earths ◽  
Temperature Performance

Abstract Incotherm TD is a thermocouple-sheathing alloy with elements of silicon and rare earths to enhance oxidation resistance at high temperatures. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, and tensile properties as well as deformation. It also includes information on high temperature performance and corrosion resistance as well as forming. Filing Code: Ni-628. Producer or source: Special Metals Corporation.

HASTELLOY ALLOY X

Alloy Digest ◽  
1954 ◽  
Vol 3 (12) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Oxidation Resistance ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Molybdenum Alloy ◽  
High Temperature Strength ◽  
Nickel Chromium

Abstract HASTELLOY Alloy X is a nickel-chromium-iron-molybdenum alloy recommended for high-temperature applications. It has outstanding oxidation resistance at high temperatures under most operating conditions, and good high-temperature strength. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, and tensile properties as well as creep. It also includes information on forming, heat treating, and machining. Filing Code: Ni-14. Producer or source: Haynes Stellite Company.

KUBOTA ALLOY HT

Alloy Digest ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 60 (11) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Nickel Alloy ◽  
Oxidation Resistance ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Temperature Performance ◽  
Iron Chromium

Abstract Kubota Alloy HT is an iron-chromium-nickel alloy that has both strength and oxidation resistance at high temperatures. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, and tensile properties as well as creep. It also includes information on high temperature performance as well as casting and joining. Filing Code: SS-1108. Producer or source: Kubota Metal Corporation, Fahramet Division.

KENTANIUM K138A

Alloy Digest ◽  
1964 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Titanium Carbide ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Engineering Design ◽  
High Temperatures

Abstract Kentanium K138-A is a high temperature titanium carbide that greatly widens the scope of the engineering design where conditions of intermittent or continuous high temperatures in oxidizing atmospheres are combined with abrasion, and compressive or tensile loads. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and compressive strength as well as fracture toughness, creep, and fatigue. It also includes information on machining and joining. Filing Code: Ti-40. Producer or source: Kennametal Inc..

RA 309

Alloy Digest ◽  
1963 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Corrosion Resistant Steel ◽  
Resistant Steel ◽  
Corrosion Resistant ◽  
Temperature Performance

Abstract RA 309 is a chromium-nickel heat and corrosion resistant steel recommended for high temperatures applications. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties as well as creep. It also includes information on high temperature performance and corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: SS-142. Producer or source: Rolled Alloys Inc..

scholarly journals The modification effect of temperature on the relationship between air pollutants and daily incidence of influenza in Ningbo, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Zhang ◽  
Yujie Meng ◽  
Hejia Song ◽  
Ran Niu ◽  
Yu Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Modification Effect ◽  
Incidence Risk ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background Although exposure to air pollution has been linked to many health issues, few studies have quantified the modification effect of temperature on the relationship between air pollutants and daily incidence of influenza in Ningbo, China. Methods The data of daily incidence of influenza and the relevant meteorological data and air pollution data in Ningbo from 2014 to 2017 were retrieved. Low, medium and high temperature layers were stratified by the daily mean temperature with 25th and 75th percentiles. The potential modification effect of temperature on the relationship between air pollutants and daily incidence of influenza in Ningbo was investigated through analyzing the effects of air pollutants stratified by temperature stratum using distributed lag non-linear model (DLNM). Stratified analysis by sex and age were also conducted. Results Overall, a 10 μg/m3 increment of O3, PM2.5, PM10 and NO2 could increase the incidence risk of influenza with the cumulative relative risk of 1.028 (95% CI 1.007, 1.050), 1.061 (95% CI 1.004, 1.122), 1.043 (95% CI 1.003, 1.085), and 1.118 (95% CI 1.028, 1.216), respectively. Male and aged 7–17 years were more sensitive to air pollutants. Through the temperature stratification analysis, we found that temperature could modify the impacts of air pollution on daily incidence of influenza with high temperature exacerbating the impact of air pollutants. At high temperature layer, male and the groups aged 0–6 years and 18–64 years were more sensitive to air pollution. Conclusion Temperature modified the relationship between air pollution and daily incidence of influenza and high temperature would exacerbate the effects of air pollutants in Ningbo.

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