scholarly journals Self-Reported Psychological Problems and Coping Strategies: A Web-Based Study in Peruvian Population During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rita Judith Ames Guerrero ◽  
Victoria Aymé Barreda Parra ◽  
Julio Cesar Huamani Cahua ◽  
Jane Banaszak Holl
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
General Health Questionnaire ◽  
Somatic Symptoms ◽  
Psychological Disorders ◽  
Psychological Problems ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Social Dysfunction ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Crisis

Abstract BACKGROUND: The Coronavirus pandemic has disrupted health systems across the world and led to major shifts in individual behavior by forcing people into isolation in home settings. Its rapid spread has overwhelmed populations in all corners of Latin-American countries resulting in individual psychological reactions that may aggravate the health crisis. OBJECTIVE: this study reports on demographics, self-reported psychological morbidities and associated coping styles during the COVID-19 pandemic for the Peruvian population. Methods: This cross-sectional study uses an online survey with snowball sampling that was conducted after the state of emergency was declared in Perú (on April 2nd). The General Health Questionnaire (GHQ -28) was used to identify somatic symptoms, incidence of anxiety/ insomnia, social dysfunction and depression and the Coping Strategy Questionnaire (COPE-28) mapped personal strategies to address recent stress. RESULTS: 434 self-selected participants ranging in age from 18 to 68 years old (ME =33.87) completed the survey. The majority of participants were women (61.3%), aged between 18 and 28 (41.7%), well-educated (>=85.0 %), Peruvian (94.2%), employed (57.4%) and single (71.20 %). 40.8% reported psychological problems, expressing fear of coronavirus infection (71.43%). Regression analysis shows that women developed more somatic symptoms (p<0.001*, C.I: -2.75 to -.99) and greater anxiety/insomnia (p=0.00*, C.I: -2.98 to 0.84) than men. Depression and social dysfunction were equally likely at any age. Educational status was protective against developing psychological disorders (p<0.05). While active responses (acceptance and social support) are scarcely used by individuals with psychological problems; passive strategies (such as denial, self-distraction, self-blame, disconnection, and emotional discharge) are more commonly reported.CONCLUSION: This study provides a better understanding of psychological disorders occurring during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Peruvian population. About half of the respondents reported psychological morbidity and poor coping responses. This evidence informs the need for broader promotional health policies focused on strengthening individual’s active strategies to improve mental health, especially in underprivileged groups during and after the Covid-19 pandemic.

scholarly journals Self-reported psychological problems and coping strategies: a web-based study in Peruvian population during the COVID-19 pandemic.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rita Judith Ames Guerrero ◽  
Victoria Aymé Barreda Parra ◽  
Julio Cesar Huamani Cahua ◽  
Jane Banaszak Holl
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
General Health Questionnaire ◽  
Somatic Symptoms ◽  
Psychological Disorders ◽  
Psychological Problems ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Psychological Disturbance ◽  
Social Dysfunction ◽  
Health Crisis

Abstract BACKGROUND: The Coronavirus pandemic has disrupted health systems across the world and led to major shifts in individual behavior by forcing people into isolation in home settings. Its rapid spread has overwhelmed populations in all corners of Latin-American countries resulting in individual psychological reactions that may aggravate the health crisis. OBJECTIVE: This study reports on demographics, self-reported psychological disturbance and associated coping styles during the COVID-19 pandemic for the Peruvian population. METHODS: This cross-sectional study uses an online survey with snowball sampling that was conducted after the state of emergency was declared in Perú (on April 2nd). The General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) was used to identify somatic symptoms, incidence of anxiety/ insomnia, social dysfunction and depression and the Coping Strategy Questionnaire (COPE-28) mapped personal strategies to address recent stress. RESULTS: 434 self-selected participants ranging in age from 18 to 68 years old (ME =33.87) completed the survey. The majority of participants were women (61.3%), aged between 18 and 28 (41.7%), well-educated (>=85.0 %), Peruvian (94.2%), employed (57.4%) and single (71.20 %). 40.8% reported psychological problems, expressing fear of coronavirus infection (71.43%). Regression analysis shows that women developed more somatic symptoms (p<0.001*, C.I: -2.75 to -.99) and greater anxiety/insomnia (p=0.00*, C.I: -2.98 to 0.84) than men. Depression and social dysfunction were equally likely at any age. Educational status was protective against developing psychological disorders (p<0.05). While active responses (acceptance and social support) are scarcely used by individuals with psychological problems; passive strategies (such as denial, self-distraction, self-blame, disconnection, and emotional discharge) are more commonly reported.CONCLUSION: This study provides a better understanding of psychological disorders occurring during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Peruvian population. About half of the respondents reported psychological disturbance and poor coping responses. This evidence informs the need for broader promotional health policies focused on strengthening individual’s active strategies to improve mental health, especially in underprivileged groups during and after the COVID-19 pandemic.

scholarly journals Psychological problems associated with coping strategies: a web-based study in Peruvian population during the COVID-19 pandemic

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rita Judith Ames-Guerrero ◽  
Ayme Barreda Parra ◽  
Julio Cesar Huamani Cahua ◽  
Jane Banaszak Holl
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
General Health Questionnaire ◽  
Psychological Disorders ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
Psychological Problems ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Crisis

BACKGROUND: The Coronavirus disease has quickly spread to all corners across Latin-American countries. Its exponential capacity has overwhelmed even the most resilient health systems (1). The already significant impact of the Coronavirus (COVID-19) on the global scale is worsened by psychological responses that may aggravate the health crisis. OBJECTIVE: This study is aimed at collecting demographic information, prevalence of psychological morbidities and associated coping styles during the COVID-19 pandemic on Peruvian population. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted through online survey using snowball sampling techniques after the state of emergency was declared in Perú. The General Health Questionnaire (GHQ -28) identify somatic symptom, anxiety/ insomnia, social misfunctioning and depression prevalence and the Coping Strategy Questionnaire (COPE-28) maps strategies addressing recent stress. RESULTS: We collected data from 434 self-selected participants within 18-68 years old (ME =33.87), by analysing the socio-economic information in which the majority of the respondents were women (61.3%), aged between 18 and 28 (41.7%), from well-educated groups (&gt;=85.0 %), Peruvian (94.2%), working citizen (57.4%) and single (71.20 %). Nearly 40.8% rated psychological problems, expressing fear of being infected by coronavirus (71.43%). Regression analysis shows that female gender is associated to higher somatic (p&lt;0.001*, C.I: -2.75 to -.99) and anxiety/insomnia symptoms (p=0.00*, C.I: -2.98 to 0.84). Depression and social dysfunction are experienced at any age. Educational status is protective against developing psychological disorders (p&lt;0.05). While active responses (Acceptance and Social support) are scarcely used by individuals with psychological problems; Passive strategies are commonly reported (Denial, Self-Distraction, Self-Blame, Disconnection, and Emotional discharge).CONCLUSION: These findings provide a better understanding of psychological disorders resulting from the current pandemic in Peruvian population. This evidence informs the need to strengthen mental health programs, especially in less privileged groups after the Covid-19 pandemic.

scholarly journals Psychological problems associated with coping strategies: a web-based study in Peruvian population during the COVID-19 pandemic

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rita Judith Ames-Guerrero ◽  
Ayme Barreda Parra ◽  
Julio Cesar Huamani Cahua ◽  
Jane Banaszak Holl
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
General Health Questionnaire ◽  
Psychological Disorders ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
Psychological Problems ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Crisis

ABSTRACT:BACKGROUND: The Coronavirus disease has quickly spread to all corners across Latin-American countries. Its exponential capacity has overwhelmed even the most resilient health systems (1). The already significant impact of the Coronavirus (COVID-19) on the global scale is worsened by psychological responses that may aggravate the health crisis. OBJECTIVE: This study is aimed at collecting demographic information, prevalence of psychological morbidities and associated coping styles during the COVID-19 pandemic on Peruvian population. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted through online survey using snowball sampling techniques after the state of emergency was declared in Perú. The General Health Questionnaire (GHQ -28) identify somatic symptom, anxiety/ insomnia, social misfunctioning and depression prevalence and the Coping Strategy Questionnaire (COPE-28) maps strategies addressing recent stress. RESULTS: We collected data from 434 self-selected participants within 18-68 years old (ME =33.87), by analysing the socio-economic information in which the majority of the respondents were women (61.3%), aged between 18 and 28 (41.7%), from well-educated groups (&gt;=85.0 %), Peruvian (94.2%), working citizen (57.4%) and single (71.20 %). Nearly 40.8% rated psychological problems, expressing fear of being infected by coronavirus (71.43%). Regression analysis shows that female gender is associated to higher somatic (p&lt;0.001*, C.I: -2.75 to -.99) and anxiety/insomnia symptoms (p=0.00*, C.I: -2.98 to 0.84). Depression and social dysfunction are experienced at any age. Educational status is protective against developing psychological disorders (p&lt;0.05). While active responses (Acceptance and Social support) are scarcely used by individuals with psychological problems; Passive strategies are commonly reported (Denial, Self-Distraction, Self-Blame, Disconnection, and Emotional discharge).CONCLUSION: These findings provide a better understanding of psychological disorders resulting from the current pandemic in Peruvian population. This evidence informs the need to strengthen mental health programs, especially in less privileged groups after the Covid-19 pandemic.

scholarly journals Self-reported psychological problems and coping strategies: a web-based study in Peruvian population during COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rita J. Ames-Guerrero ◽  
Victoria A. Barreda-Parra ◽  
Julio C. Huamani-Cahua ◽  
Jane Banaszak-Holl
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Emotional Health ◽  
General Health Questionnaire ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Social Dysfunction ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Crisis

Abstract Background The Coronavirus pandemic has disrupted health systems across the world and led to major shifts in individual behavior by forcing people into isolation in home settings. Its rapid spread has overwhelmed populations in all corners of Latin-American countries resulting in individual psychological reactions that may aggravate the health crisis. This study reports on demographics, self-reported psychological disturbances and associated coping styles during the COVID-19 pandemic for the Peruvian population. Methods This cross-sectional study uses an online survey with snowball sampling that was conducted after the state of emergency was declared in Perú (on April 2nd). The General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) was used to identify somatic symptoms, incidence of anxiety/ insomnia, social dysfunction and depression and the Coping Strategy Questionnaire (COPE-28) mapped personal strategies to address recent stress. Results 434 self-selected participants ranging in age from 18 to 68 years old (Mean age = 33.87) completed the survey. The majority of participants were women (61.30%), aged between 18 and 28 (41.70%), well-educated (> = 85.00%), Peruvian (94.20%), employed (57.40%) and single (71.20%). 40.8% reported psychological distress, expressing fear of coronavirus infection (71.43%). Regression analysis shows that men had lower somatic-related symptom (β = − 1.87, 95%, CI: − 2.75 to −.99) and anxiety/insomnia symptom (β = − 1.91, 95% CI: − 2.98 to 0.84) compared to women. The risk for depression and social dysfunction are less likely with increasing age. Educational status was protective against developing psychological conditions (p < 0.05). While active responses (acceptance and social support) are scarcely used by individuals with psychological distress; passive strategies (such as denial, self-distraction, self-blame, disconnection, and venting) are more commonly reported. Conclusion This study provides a better understanding of the psychological health impact occurring during the COVID-19 pandemic on the Peruvian population. About half of the respondents reported psychological distress and poor coping responses. This evidence informs the need for broader promotional health policies focused on strengthening individual’s active strategies aiming at improving emotional health and preventing psychiatric conditions, during and after the COVID-19 pandemic.

scholarly journals Emotional Exhaustion in Housewives and Alzheimer Patients’ Caregivers: Its Effects on Chronic Diseases, Somatic Symptoms and Social Dysfunction

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (18) ◽  
pp. 3250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Campos-Puente ◽  
Avargues-Navarro ◽  
Borda-Mas ◽  
Sánchez-Martín ◽  
Aguilar-Parra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Emotional Exhaustion ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
General Health Questionnaire ◽  
Somatic Symptoms ◽  
Maslach Burnout Inventory ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Social Dysfunction ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: Emotional exhaustion causes adverse effects in those who suffer from it. Housewives are not excluded. Domestic and care chores, which are considered to be sources of stress, increase when taking on the role of caregiver for a family member with Alzheimer’s disease. Objective: To analyse the influence of emotional exhaustion, somatic symptoms and social dysfunction, based on the activity they carry out. Methodology: Cross-sectional survey. 193 women participated, of which: housewives (HWs) (n = 97), and Alzheimer’s patient caregiver-housewives (CHWs) (n = 96). The evaluation tools were: sociodemographic/working data questionnaire (ad hoc), Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) and Goldberg General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28). Results: High rates of emotional exhaustion are observed, as well as an existing positive link between chronic diseases, somatic symptoms and social dysfunction. The structural model indicates that emotional exhaustion predicts the amount and extent of diseases, somatic symptoms and social dysfunction. The influence is higher in CHWs. Limitations: Sample procedure implemented at convenience; the variable of the grade of dependence of the Alzheimer’s patient caregiver was not included in the study. Conclusions: The domestic and care chores that HWs and CHWs carry out affect their health. Hence the need to develop psychoeducative programmes that are adapted to the particular needs of these women and focused on the different areas of their everyday lives.

scholarly journals Assessment of Psychological Stress Associated with COVID-19 Lockdown in the Urban Adult Population of India

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 2063-2072
Author(s):  
Kayalvizhi Kumaravel ◽  
Praveen Kumar Ratavaru Sathyam ◽  
Rejili Grace Joy Manickaraj ◽  
Poonguzhali Sivagananam ◽  
Divya Ravikumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Stress ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Psychological Problems ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Cognitive Changes ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The People ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Background: COVID-19, the unprecedented deadly pandemic has turned the world topsy-turvy. It has affected all the people like poor and rich, young and old, educated and uneducated, male and female with detrimental consequences. People who are in quarantine and/or lockdown are likely to develop a wide range of symptoms like psychological stress, irritability, anxiety, depression etc. Hence, this study was undertaken to assess the psychological effects of COVID-19 lockdown among adult population residing in Chennai, India. This study is a cross sectional descriptive study carried out in Chennai, India. A structured questionnaire was developed containing 25 questions related to the emotional disturbance, depression, self-concept, physical problems, cognitive changes and role performance and 7 questions related to the demographics. An online survey was conducted using a structured questionnaire using a non-probability snowball sampling technique. A total of 579 responses were received. The findings of the present study revealed that, among 579 respondents, more than half of the respondents 320(56.3%)were under severe psychological stress, 192(33.2%) respondents that is one third of the people had moderate psychological stress and remaining were having mild psychological stress. The study also revealed that there was a statistically significant association of psychological problems associated with demographic variables. Our Study revealed that people living in Chennai had severe psychological problem due to theCOVID-19 lockdown. This highlights the importance and immediate need for the development special intervention programmes for the people with psychological problems due to the COVID-19 lockdown.

scholarly journals Concerns in the Norwegian Population during the Initial Lockdown Due to the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 6119
Author(s):  
Inger Schou-Bredal ◽  
Laila Skogstad ◽  
Tine K. Grimholt ◽  
Tore Bonsaksen ◽  
Øivind Ekeberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Financial Loss ◽  
Next Of Kin ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Norwegian Population ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Response Alternatives

Although concern affects one’s welfare or happiness, few studies to date have focused on peoples’ concerns during the initial COVID-19 lockdown. The aim of the study was to explore concerns in the Norwegian populations according to gender and age, and identify which concerns were most prominent during the lockdown. A population-based cross-sectional online survey using snowball-sampling strategies was conducted, to which 4527 adults (≥18 years) responded. Questions related to concerns had response alternatives yes or no. In addition, they were asked which concern was most prominent. Nearly all the 4527 respondents (92%) reported that they were concerned: 60.9% were generally concerned about the pandemic, 83.9% were concerned about family and friends, 21.8% had financial concerns, and 25.3% expected financial loss. More women were concerned about family and friends than males, (85.2% vs. 76.2%, p < 0.001), whereas more men expected financial loss (30.4% vs. 24.4%y, p = 0.001). Younger adults (<50 years) had more financial concerns than older adults (25.9% vs. 10.5%, p < 0.001). Being concerned about family and friends was the most prominent concern and was associated with; lower age (OR 0.79), female gender (OR 1.59), and being next of kin (2.42). The most prominent concern for adults 70 years or older was being infected by COVID-19. In conclusion, women and younger individuals were most concerned. While adults under 70 years of age were most concerned about family and friends and adults 70 years or older were most concerned about being infected by COVID-19.

Psychological Morbidity among Residential College Students

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann, J. J ◽  
Sherin, P. A
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
General Health Questionnaire ◽  
Somatic Symptoms ◽  
Severe Depression ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Induction Programs ◽  
Social Dysfunction ◽  
Residential College ◽  
Family Issues

Aim: The aim of the study was to understand the health risks among residential college students as a result of the various developmental and environmental changes. Methods: In this study 183 residential college students between the age group 16-17 years were selected using purposive sampling from different colleges in Bangalore. After this General health Questionnaire (GHQ) was administered on these students and it measured the following factors: somatic symptoms, anxiety/insomnia, social dysfunction and severe depression. Content analysis was done to analyze the open ended questions. Results: The scoring and interpretation was done according to the manual. The results showed that out of 183 college students, 61 (33%) of them were above the threshold of distress. It was further noticed that due to academic pressure, irregular sleep patterns and drug addiction 31.1% of the students had positive scores on the anxiety category. 16.4% showed symptoms of depression as they had relationship problems, experienced some trauma, were away from family and close friend. A 26.2% portrayed social dysfunction due to dysfunctional thinking patterns, family issues, depression and language barrier. Another 26.2% exhibiting somatic symptoms was a result of ill-health, unhealthy food habits and environmental factors like climate, temperature and water. Conclusion: The study implies on sensitizing teachers about these challenges and its negative influence on growing individuals. It also highlights the ways to equip adolescents with ways to overcome these challenges through induction programs and activities that would enhance cohesion among peers.

Prevalence and family factors associated with loneliness during COVID-19: A cross-sectional study from South India

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (02) ◽  
pp. 61-67
Author(s):  
G. Sanjana ◽  
Vijaya Raghavan
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
South India ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Southern India ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Family Discord ◽  
The Impact

Background: Loneliness can affect anyone at any point in their life. It can be detrimental to the wellbeing and quality of life of individuals and communities. In the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, loneliness is considered as a public health crisis. Hence, the objectives of the study were to estimate the prevalence of loneliness and family related factors associated with loneliness among general population in south India. Materials and Methods: The study employed a crosssectional online survey design. The data was collected in the first phase of the lockdown in 2020 from adults in Southern India. Socio-demographic profile and family related variables were collected using a semistructured proforma. Loneliness was assessed by UCLA loneliness scale. Results: Of 573 total respondents to the survey, aged between 18-65 years, 43% were male and 57% were female. The overall prevalence of loneliness was 63% (358/573). No significant gender differences were observed in the prevalence of loneliness. Family discord was associated with higher rates of loneliness (p less than 0.01). Other factors associated were younger age and being single. Conclusion: Rates of loneliness during the COVID-19 lockdown were high in Southern India. Findings suggest that interventions should prioritize younger people. Increasing social support and improving interpersonal skills, which in turn would help reduce family discord and may reduce the impact of COVID-19 on loneliness.

scholarly journals An Observational Study to Assess Anxiety Disorder among Women during COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonali Sain ◽  
Indira Dey
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Past History ◽  
Family Type ◽  
World Health ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chronic Morbidity

Introduction: World Health Organisation (WHO) declared 2019 Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) infection as a pandemic. Government of India imposed a nationwide lockdown to break the chain of transmission in the community to halt the pandemic. The unprecedented measure led to severe emotional distress among the general population, especially women. Aim: To assess the burden of anxiety disorder perceived by women during the COVID-19 pandemic and their precipitating factors. Materials and Methods: An observational cross-sectional study was conducted among the women residing in West Bengal for more than six months and has access to electronic media, internet services, and/or with an account in any social media. The online survey was conducted via electronic communication and the snowball sampling method was used to recruit 980 study participants. An electronic version of a semi-structured questionnaire was developed with a consent form attached to it and the link of the questionnaire was sent through e-mails, WhatsApp, and other social media to the contacts of the researcher. A self-administered questionnaire obtained information regarding socio-demographic features, personal history, past history of chronic morbidity, family history, and anxiety disorder by Generalised Anxiety Disorder-7 item (GAD-7) scale. Chi-square test and multiple logistic regression were used as a test of significance. The data was compiled, analysed, and presented. Results: Around 203 (20.7%) adult women were suffering from reasonable anxiety. Socio-demographic factors like residence, religion, education, and profession were more significantly associated but age, family type, and marital status were not significantly associated. Addiction, chronic morbidity, and experience of recurrent non-specific signs and symptoms had a significant association with reasonable anxiety. The regression model explained that working women had less chance and those with recurrent non-specific symptoms had more chance to suffer from reasonable anxiety. Conclusion: The study assessed the burden of anxiety disorder faced by women during the pandemic. It has provided further insight into the risk factors associated with it and a person’s vulnerability to anxiety disorder. Thus, it helped in developing targeted intervention strategies for the vulnerable segment of the population.

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