scholarly journals Adolescent pregnancy and current contraceptive use among adolescent and young women aged 16-24 years in Durban and Soweto, South Africa

Author(s):  
Malgorzata Beksinska ◽  
Kalysha Closson ◽  
Jenni Smit ◽  
Janan Dietrich ◽  
Stefanie Hornschuh ◽  
...  

Abstract Background High rates of adolescent pregnancies in South Africa continues to be a pressing public health concern. This study examines (1) the prevalence of current contraceptive use; and (2) the independent association between adolescent pregnancy and effective contraception use. Methods This study uses baseline cross-sectional data from a youth-centered sexual and reproductive health (SRH) cohort study among youth (aged 16–24) in Soweto and Durban (2011–2017). Among 207/253 females reporting consensual sexual activity, crude and adjusted logistic regression examine associations between ever having an adolescent pregnancy (aged 15–19) or pregnancy at age 20–24 (ref no pregnancy) and effective contraception use (barrier and/or hormonal methods) in the last 6 months. Results Over one-third (34.3%, n = 71) of females reported a history of adolescent pregnancy and 13.0% (n = 27) had a pregnancy at age 20–24. Nearly all (95.9%, n = 94) first pregnancies were unintentional. Current effective contraceptive use was reported by 74.6% (n = 53) with an adolescent pregnancy, 66.6% (n = 18) of those pregnant at 20–24 years, and 46.8% (n = 51) of never pregnant females (p < 0.001). All effective contraceptive users pregnant at 20–24 years and 83% (n = 44) of the adolescent pregnancy group reported using hormonal methods vs. 52.9% (n = 27) of never pregnant females. In the adjusted model, a history of adolescent pregnancy was associated with 3.45 (95%CI = 1.75–6.82) times greater odds of effective contraceptive use (vs. no pregnancy). Conclusion suggest that adolescent females are accessing effective methods of contraception including hormonal methods only after a pregnancy event, highlighting the need for earlier provision of youth-friendly SRH services.

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 26674.1-26674.5
Author(s):  
Maryam Zaare Nahandi ◽  
◽  
Sayna Abbaszadeh ◽  
Mostafa Mansouri ◽  
Haniyeh Elahifard ◽  
...  

Background: Tramadol is a widely prescribed analgesic and due to its opioid-like effects, the potential for abuse of tramadol is noticeable. Besides, the complications of tramadol abuse have become a public health concern. This study aimed to investigate the affecting factors on the seizure, as one of the most common complications of tramadol consumption. Methods: A total number of 64 patients from 315 patients who were referred to Sina Hospital, Tabriz, Iran because of tramadol toxicity were included in this 9 months cross-sectional retrospective study. Results: There were 52 males and 12 females in the study. The seizure happened in 53.1% of the subjects and the Mean±SD time between tramadol consumption and seizure was 5.9±7.36 hours. There was no significant association between seizure and sex, age, the dose of tramadol, and previous tramadol consumption history. A significant association was seen between the dose of tramadol and the time of seizure. Conclusion: Seizure that happens due to tramadol overdose is not dependent on sex, age, and previous history of tramadol consumption. As the dose of tramadol is higher, the seizure happens later. More research is needed to understand why the seizure occurs later in higher doses.


2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kibrom Taame Weldemariam ◽  
Kebede Embaye Gezae ◽  
Haftom Temesgen Abebe

Abstract Background Contraceptive discontinuations for reasons other than the desire for pregnancy are a public health concern because of their negative effect on reproductive health outcomes. In Ethiopia, the contraceptive discontinuation rate is increasing; however the factors associated are poorly understood. So this study was aimed at assessing reasons and multilevel factors for unscheduled contraceptive use discontinuation. Methods This is a cross-sectional study of Ethiopian women who participated in the Ethiopian demographic health survey from January 18, 2016, to June 27, 2016. Ever using any contraceptive with in the calendar of the survey were an inclusion criteria for which 3835 women were found eligible. The data were analyzed using multilevel binary logistic regression in STATA version 14. Variables with p-value less than 0.05 were considered as statistically significant, and reported using adjusted odds ratio and 95% confidence interval. Median odds ratio and interval odds ratio, to quantify the magnitude of the general and specific contextual effect respectively, were used. Receiver operating characteristics curve and akaike’s information criterion were used for model comparison. Result The prevalence of unscheduled contraceptive use discontinuation was 46.18% for the principal reason of method related problems (Side effects-45.3%, needing better method-33.6%, and inconvenience-21.1%,). Women heading a household (AOR = 1.281, 95%CI 1.079–1.520), women who had no work (AOR = 0.812, 95%CI 0.673, 0.979) compared to professionals, living in poorest house hold income (AOR = 0.753, 95%CI 0.567, 0.997) compared to middle, residing in community with low contraceptive utilization rate (AOR = 1.945, 95%CI 1.618, 2.339), residing in poor community (AOR = 0.763, 95%CI 0.596–0.997), and having more children, and region were found to be significant predictors of unscheduled contraceptive use discontinuation. Conclusion Method related problems were found to contribute for more than half of the contraceptive use discontinuation. Both individual and community level factors were found to significantly influence the Unscheduled contraceptive use discontinuation. The outcome was common in groups who could have more social interactions and knowledge on which myths and rumors are common. So strengthening the efforts to reduce contraceptive use discontinuation and quality of contraceptive service provision could be important.


Mediscope ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-29
Author(s):  
A Farhana ◽  
M Shakil ◽  
BU Khan ◽  
MS Laskar ◽  
M Alam

Hypertension or high blood pressure is a growing public health concern among the Bangladeshi adult population. The objective of this cross-sectional descriptive type of study was to estimate the proportion of hypertension in an adult population of Keraniganj Upazila, Dhaka. The sample size was 199 selected purposively. Among them, 53.8% were female, 82.4% Muslims. Of the total respondents, 15.6% were hypertensive and highest proportion (29.0%) of hypertensive patients was found in the age group of ≥50-<60 years. The study revealed that people who took extra fatty food for 3-5 days per week, people who took extra salt in their food, respondents had a positive family history of hypertension or diabetes mellitus were more prone to develop hypertension. The study also revealed that smokers were in higher risk of development of hypertension than the non-smokers were and the rate of hypertension was 36.8% among those having higher waist circumference within 100 cm - 109 cm than those having lower waist circumference within 60 cm - 69 cm. Newly identified hypertensive cases were 7.0% of the study population. Results of this study have profound implications for hypertension prevention programs in the rural community, pointing out the need for increased focus in addressing hypertension along with its all background causes.Mediscope Vol. 5, No. 2: Jul 2018, Page 21-29


2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 132
Author(s):  
Muslimah Yusof ◽  
Azah Abdul Samad ◽  
Maisarah Omar ◽  
Noor Ani Ahmad

INTRODUCTION: Unplanned pregnancy is a major public health concern globally. Numerous studies found various factors that can predict or determine unplanned pregnancy. However, there were no studies that reported this problem in Malaysia. The objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of unplanned pregnancy in Malaysia and the associated factors.METHODS: This nationwide cross-sectional study targeted to women at postpartum period at government primary health care clinics throughout Malaysia. Structured questionnaire with face-to-face interview was used for data collection. The factors studied included mothers’ age, husband’s age, ethnicity, religion, marital status, education, occupation, household income, polygamous marriage, family support, contraception used, and disagreement of husband on contraception, smoking and alcohol consumption. History of emotional, physical and sexual intimate partner violence (IPV) were also studied.RESULTS: A total of 5727 Malaysian postpartum mothers were involved in this survey. The prevalence of unplanned pregnancy was 42.9% (95% CI: 38.6, 47.4). The multivariate logistic regression revealed that older mothers aged 45-49 years old (aOR: 8.010; 95%CI: 1.909, 33.013) and Muslim mothers (aOR: 2.465; 95%CI: 1.432-4.241) were significantly associated with unplanned pregnancy. In terms of household income, mothers with less than RM1000 per month were 1.712 (95% CI: 1.080, 2.713) times more likely to have unplanned pregnancy. The other significant associated factor was history of emotional intimate partner violence; aOR [1.720 (95% CI: 1.011, 2.925)].CONCLUSIONS: Unplanned pregnancies were observed to be higher among older Muslim women from low income family. A possibility of unmet need for family planning should be considered and appropriate intervention strategies planned for these at-risk population. 


2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niloufer Sultan Ali ◽  
Ali Khan Khuwaja ◽  
Adnan-ur-Rahman ◽  
Kashmira Nanji

Background. Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) is a major public health concern. Objective. The aim of this study was to estimate the frequency of MetS, its components, and factors associated with MetS amongst apparently healthy individuals in Pakistan. Methods. A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted at the executive Clinics of Aga Khan Hospital, Pakistan. Medical records of patients aged ≥18 years visiting the clinics from July 2011 to December 2011 were consecutively reviewed. Records in which either MetS components data or 10% of overall data was missing were excluded. A total of 1329 participants’ records was included in final analysis. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 19 and multivariable logistic regression was used to identify the factors associated with MetS. Results. A total of 847 (63.7%) participants had MetS; mean age of the participants were 47.6 ± 11.6 years. About 70.4% were males and 29.6% were females. Approximately 70% of participants had BMI ≥25 kg/m2. MetS was associated with male gender (AOR = 2.1; 95% C.I: 1.6–3.2) and history of diabetes among parents (AOR = 3.0; 95% C.I: 1.6–6.0). Conclusion. This study shows that a large proportion of population has MetS and is overweight or obese. This requires urgent interventions on part of health care providers’ especially family physicians. Educating masses about life style factors can make a difference. Further researches on this issue are warranted.


2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (06) ◽  
pp. 1194-1198
Author(s):  
Kiran Ikram ◽  
Surraya Israr ◽  
Ubaid Ullah Khan ◽  
Umer Farooq ◽  
Iqbal Begum

Objectives: To find frequency of common complications among patients presenting with induced septic abortion attending OPD of Hayatabad Medical Complex Peshawar. Study Design: Descriptive cross-sectional study. Setting: Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology Hayatabad Medical complex Peshawar. Period: 6 October, 2016 to 6 April, 2017. Material & Methods: Through a cross sectional validation study design, 123 pregnant female patients with induced septic abortion having a gestation period of 20 to 22 weeks were included in the research study. After their consent, detailed clinical examination and history of patients were taken. SPSS version 10.0 was used for analysis of the collected data. Descriptive statistical data like mean + Standard deviation was measured for age, gravidity & parity. Likewise, frequency & percentage was calculated for hemorrhage, diffuse peritonitis and severe anemia. Results: As per Common Complications, frequencies and percentages for hemorrhage was recorded in 31 (25.20%) patients, diffuse peritonitis was recorded in 49 (39.83%) patients while severe anemia was recorded in 26 (21.13%) patients. However, 17 patients (13.82%) had no complications other than septic abortion. Conclusion: Our study concluded that the mishap of septic-induced abortion is totally preventable. The definitive commitment to women’s health can be achieved through effective contraception and by strengthening the family welfare services. Positive results can be achieved by discouraging repeated terminations of pregnancy.


2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Adriana Mehta ◽  
Yati Afi Yanti

ABSTRAKTujuan penelitian: Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifi kasi faktor predisposisi yang berhubungandengan kejadian kanker serviks. Metode: Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan yakni restrospektifnoneksperimental dengan pendekatan potong lintang dan besar sampel 80 responden yang dipilihdengan menggunakan teknik consecutive sampling. Hasil: Hasil analisis penelitian menunjukkanbahwa tidak ditemukan hubungan signifi kan antara perilaku seksual, perilaku merawat kebersihanalat kelamin, riwayat penggunaan kontrasepsi, dan pengetahuan kanker serviks terhadap kejadiankanker serviks. Diskusi: Hasil penelitian menyarankan diperlukannya pembahasan/penelitiandengan studi kohort lebih lanjut mengenai hubungan faktor risiko kanker serviks terhadap kejadiankanker serviks. Simpulan: Gaya hidup, riwayat penggunaan kontrasepsi, dan pengetahuan tidakberhubungan dengan tingkat kejadian kanker serviks.Kata Kunci: kanker serviks, kontrasepsi, pengetahuan kanker serviks, perilaku merawat kebersihanalat kelamin, perilaku seksual.ABSTRACTObjective: This study aimed to identify predisposing factors related to the prevalence of cervicalcancer. Method: This study was retrospective non experimental with cross-sectional design with asample size of 80 respondents taken using consecutive sampling. Result: There was no signifi cantcorrelation of sexual behavior, personal hygiene practice, history of contraception use, and knowledgeof cervical cancer with the incidence of cervical cancer. Discussion: The results suggest the needfor using further cohort study to fi nd out the correlation between risk factors of cervical cancerand the incidence of cervical cancer). Conclusion: There are no correlation of life style, history ofcontraseption use, and knowledge with the incidence of cervical cancer.Keywords: cervical cancer, contraceptive, knowledge, personal hygiene practice, sexual behavior.


Author(s):  
Ika Avrilina Haryono ◽  
Adriana Palimbo ◽  
Difa Okti Al Kautsar

ABSTRAKLatar Belakang : Kanker payudara merupakan salah satu penyebab kematian utama pada wanita di dunia. Sejauh ini, kanker payudara paling sering diderita oleh wanita dengan perkiraan 43,3% juta kasus kanker baru yang didiagnosis pada tahun 2012. Angka kejadian kanker payudara bervariasi secara global dimana terjadi peningkatan insiden di negara berkembang tetapi cenderung menurun dinegara maju, dengan kasus pada negara berkembang (883.000 kasus) negara maju (794.000 kasus). Tujuan: Menganalisis faktor resiko yang berhubungan dengan kejadian kanker payudara meliputi faktor umur, umur pertama menstruasi, menopause, umur pertama kali menikah, riwayat penggunaan kontrasepsi hormonal, riwayat pemberian ASI, da riwayat kanker payudara pada keluarga.Metode: Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif menggunakan metode survey analitik dengan rancangan cross sectional. Populasi dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 760 orang dengan sampel 88 orang. Teknik pengumpulan data primer, teknik analisa data yang digunakan adalah uji chi square dan uji regresi berganda.Hasil: Hasil Uji Chi Square menunjukan bahwa terdapat hubungan signifikan antara umur (p=0.000) dan penggunaan kontrasepsi hormonal (p=0.002) dengan hasil uji regresi berganda (p-value0.05) menunjukan bahwa tidak ada pengaruh faktor risiko terhadap kejadian kanker payudara.Simpulan: Ada hubungan antara umur dan riwayat penggunaan kontrasepsi hormonal dengan kejadian kanker payudara. Tidak ada pengaruh faktor resiko terhadap kejadian kanker payudara. Kata Kunci: kanker payudara, riwayat penggunaan kontrasepsi hormonal, umur Risk Factors Related to Breast Cancer IncidenceIn the Edelweis Room of Ulin Hospital Banjarmasin AbstractBackground: Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of death in women in the world. So far, breast cancer most often affects women with an estimated 43.3% of new cancer cases diagnosed in 2012. The incidence of breast cancer varies globally where there is an increase in incidents in developing countries but tends to decrease in developed countries, with cases in the country developing (883,000 cases) developed countries (794,000 cases).Objective: Analyzing risk factors associated with breast cancer events include age, age at first menstruation, menopause, age at first marriage, history of use of hormonal contraception, history of breastfeeding, and history of breast cancer in the family.Method: This study is a quantitative study using analytical survey method with cross sectional design. The population in this study amounted to 760 people with a sample of 88 people. Primary data collection techniques, data analysis techniques used are chi square test and multiple regression test.Results: Chi Square test results showed that there was a significant relationship between age (p = 0,000) and hormonal contraceptive use (p = 0.002) with the results of multiple regression tests (p-value 0.05) indicating that there was no effect of risk factors on breast cancer incidence.Conclusion: There is a relationship between age and history of hormonal contraceptive use with the incidence of breast cancer. There is no effect of risk factors on the incidence of breast cancer. Keywords: breast cancer, history of hormonal contraceptive use, age


2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Augustin Nshimiyimana ◽  
Joseph Mucumbitsi ◽  
Callixte Yadufashije ◽  
Francois N. Niyonzima

Syphilis in pregnant women caused by Treponema pallidum remains a major cause of reproductive morbidity and poor pregnancy outcomes in developing countries. Severe neonatal infections, stillbirths, perinatal deaths, and low birth weight babies are common among mothers with syphilis infection. The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence and risk factors associated to syphilis in pregnant women. A cross-sectional and retrospective studies were conducted among pregnant women who attended the prenatal service at the Gisovu health center. Participants were pregnant women who tested positive for syphilis based on lab results and responses collected from anonymous questionnaires completed with sexual behaviors, demographics, sexual partners, history of abortion, and knowledge about STDs. The prevalence of syphilis was 5.74%. Syphilis was associated to the history of previous abortion (P = 0.005 < 0.05), a low level of education (P = 0.049 < 0.05), and marital status (P = 0.044 < 0.05). The main associated behavioral factor was women who had sex with different partners using condom and did not acquire syphilis infection (P = 0.00 < 0.05). Syphilis is still a public health concern in patients and especially in pregnant women as shown by the findings of this study. It is very important to screen all pregnant women for syphilis and to strengthen the existing antenatal care services and health education on transmission and prevention of the disease.


Author(s):  
Eshrat Jahan ◽  
Rafiul Alam

Introduction: Adolescent childbearing is still a common social and health concern in Bangladesh. Adolescent maternity is causally associated with many poor obstetric complications. Low birth weight is one of the most common problems in adolescent pregnancy and majority of these LBW babies is due to intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR). The aim of the study was to evaluate the obstetric factors and outcomes of adolescent pregnancy having IUGR babies.Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive type of study was conducted at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Dhaka Medical College Hospital from the period of January 2012 to June 2012. In this present study, 150 adolescent mothers selected. Sample technique was purposive sampling. Detailed medical, obstetric and neonatal information recorded on a designed data sheet. Data were analyzed using statistical program SPSS.Results: The mean age of all adolescent mothers was 18.14±0.85, while mean age at marriage found 16.24. All the adolescent respondents were married and 9 out of 10 were living with husband (91%). Higher proportion (70%) of Hindu respondents delivered IUGR babies. 60% pregnancies were unplanned, of them, 36% developed IUGR. High proportion of maternal and neonatal complications found among the mothers having IUGR babies. More common maternal complication were severe anemia (65%), fetal distress (56.2%), oligohydramnios (43.8%), pre-¬eclampsia (35.4%), eclampsia (33.3%), PPH (23%), puerperal sepsis (14.6%) and more common neonatal complications were birth asphyxia (96%), hypoglycemia (83%), hyperbilirubinemia (8.3%) and sepsis (8.3%).Conclusions: Adolescent pregnancy complicated with IUGR demonstrated higher proportion of maternal complications like severe anemia, pre-¬eclampsia, eclampsia, oligohydramnios, PPH, and adverse perinatal outcome.


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