scholarly journals Effects of Temporally Heterogeneous Hydrological Experiences On Subsequent Performance And Plasticity of Exotics And Natives From Different Habitats

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shu Wang ◽  
Ragan M. Callaway
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Total Mass ◽  
Heterogeneous Environments ◽  
Initial Exposure ◽  
Subsequent Performance ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Response To Water ◽  
Plastic Responses ◽  
Late Growth

Abstract Aims Temporally heterogeneous environments have crucial influences on plant survival and growth, leading to greater variations in plasticity, but direct experimental evidence is rare. Our objective was to investigate how early experience with temporally heterogeneous water conditions may affect the subsequent performance and plasticity of plants in response to water availability.Methods We subjected eight plant species from xeric, mesic or hydric habitats, four exotic and four native to North America, to initial exposure to either an alternating drought and inundation treatment (Ehet, heterogeneous experience) or a consistently moderate water supply (Ehom, homogeneous experience), and to a second round of drought, moderate watering or inundation treatments.Results Compared to Ehom, Ehet increased the final total mass across all species, but did not affect mortality. For species in groups, Ehet relative to Ehom decreased the initial total mass of native species, but increased the mass of exotic species, but natives had greater late growth than exotics after Ehet. Ehet also increased the total mass and late growth of mesic species more than xeric and hydric species.Conclusions Our findings suggest that previous exposure to temporal heterogeneity in water supply may be not beneficial immediately, but can be beneficial for plant late growth and plastic responses under water stress. Species from different habitats, and exotics vs. natives showed contrasting abilities to exploit such benefits from early heterogeneous experience, regardless of their final performance. This revealed the importance of modulating future plastic responses, or “metaplasticity”.

scholarly journals Physiological and transcriptional response to drought stress among bioenergy grass Miscanthus species

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose J. De Vega ◽  
Abel Teshome ◽  
Manfred Klaas ◽  
Jim Grant ◽  
John Finnan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Transcriptional Response ◽  
Biomass Productivity ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Drought Conditions ◽  
Multiple Copies ◽  
Response To Water

Abstract Background Miscanthus is a commercial lignocellulosic biomass crop owing to its high biomass productivity, resilience and photosynthetic capacity at low temperature. These qualities make Miscanthus a particularly good candidate for temperate marginal land, where yields can be limited by insufficient or excessive water supply. Differences in response to water stress have been observed among Miscanthus species, which correlated to origin. In this study, we compared the physiological and molecular responses among Miscanthus species under excessive (flooded) and insufficient (drought) water supply in glasshouse conditions. Results A significant biomass loss was observed under drought conditions in all genotypes. M. x giganteus showed a lower reduction in biomass yield under drought conditions compared to the control than the other species. Under flooded conditions, biomass yield was as good as or better than control conditions in all species. 4389 of the 67,789 genes (6.4%) in the reference genome were differentially expressed during drought among four Miscanthus genotypes from different species. We observed the same biological processes were regulated across Miscanthus species during drought stress despite the DEGs being not similar. Upregulated differentially expressed genes were significantly involved in sucrose and starch metabolism, redox, and water and glycerol homeostasis and channel activity. Multiple copies of the starch metabolic enzymes BAM and waxy GBSS-I were strongly up-regulated in drought stress in all Miscanthus genotypes, and 12 aquaporins (PIP1, PIP2 and NIP2) were also up-regulated in drought stress across genotypes. Conclusions Different phenotypic responses were observed during drought stress among Miscanthus genotypes from different species, supporting differences in genetic adaption. The low number of DEGs and higher biomass yield in flooded conditions supported Miscanthus use in flooded land. The molecular processes regulated during drought were shared among Miscanthus species and consistent with functional categories known to be critical during drought stress in model organisms. However, differences in the regulated genes, likely associated with ploidy and heterosis, highlighted the value of exploring its diversity for breeding.

scholarly journals Grain Sorghum Response to Water Supply and Environment

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Broeckelman ◽  
G. J. Kluitenberg ◽  
K. Roozeboom ◽  
G. Cramer ◽  
Eric Adee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Response To Water

Effects of hydric and light combined stresses on the morphological and plastic responses of Aspidosperma polyneuron Müll. Arg. Seedlings (Apocynaceae)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yelena S. Pájaro-Esquivia ◽  
Yamileth Domínguez-Haydar ◽  
Clara Tinoco-Ojanguren ◽  
Sergio E. Lozano-Baez ◽  
Mirko Castellini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Tropical Dry Forest ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Dry Forest ◽  
Plant Soil ◽  
Interdisciplinary Field ◽  
Light Gradient ◽  
Drought Conditions ◽  
Plastic Responses

<p>There is a lack of knowledge on the grow requirements for most endangered plant species in tropical ecosystems. The interdisciplinary field of the “critical zone” provides an opportunity to understand the plant-soil interactions, allowing the development of strategies for species propagation and restoration. Aspidosperma polyneuron is a Tropical Dry Forest native species, currently categorized as “endangered” in Colombia and the neotropics.  In this study, we evaluated the intrapopulation differences in the morphological and plastic responses of A. polyneuron seedlings along an experimental gradient of light and water. We collected seedlings from two locations of the same population at the department of Atlántico (Colombia) and exposed them to three levels of light (100, 55 and 10%) and two different levels of water (field capacity, 60% and dry conditions, 20%). We allowed these seeds to grow for six months in an experimental 3 x 2 x 2 m random factorial design. In addition, we measured 16 morphological and growth traits associated to their performance.<strong> </strong>Results showed that medium-light treatment produced the most favorable outcome when facing drought conditions, while low light aggravated negative performance effects when facing drought conditions. The seedlings origin was a significant factor influencing the morphological responses of most traits. Regarding plasticity, there were differences in the pattern and magnitude of the traits according to the locality they were collected from. The influence of water gradient prevailed over the light gradient in the phenotypic responses. The results showed differences in the response mechanism of the two groups of seedlings, indicating intrapopulation differentiation processes between both groups.</p>

Augmentative Restoration: Repairing Damaged Ecological Processes During Restoration of Heterogeneous Environments

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger L. Sheley ◽  
Jeremy J. James ◽  
Erin C. Bard
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Meadow Vole ◽  
Heterogeneous Environments ◽  
Ecological Processes ◽  
Additional Advantage ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Ephemeral Wetland ◽  
Species Performance

AbstractHeterogeneity in disturbance regimes, propagule pools, and factors affecting plant performance are a ubiquitous feature of wildlands. We tested a conceptual framework, termed augmentative restoration, aimed at identifying and selectively repairing or replacing damaged processes based on their predicted influence on the three causes of succession: site availability, species availability, and species performance. This framework was tested at three sites each with a different cause of succession naturally occurring in an ephemeral wetland dominated by invasive plants that had varying levels of disturbance (site availability), remnant native plants (species availability), and water availability (species performance). Our hypotheses were (1) seeding combined with watering would augment meadow vole disturbance to increase desired species composition, (2) shallow tilling combined with watering would augment remnant native species, and (3) shallow tilling combined with seeding would augment mesic soils to increase desired species composition. Shallow tilling, watering, and seeding were applied in a factorial arrangement at all three sites. These eight treatment combinations were applied in a split-plot design with four replications to generate 32 whole plots (2 m2). The herbicide 2,4-D was applied on half of each whole plot to influence relative species performance. In two of the three sites, using augmentative restoration to guide our management approaches improved our decision as to the treatment combinations that would maximize seedling establishment. Selectively augmenting successional processes that remain intact by repairing or replacing processes occurring at inadequate levels can improve implementation of successional management and provide a refined process-based framework for restoration across heterogeneous landscapes. Besides the clear economic advantages of lower management inputs associated with augmentative restoration, avoiding unnecessary management inputs has the additional advantage of minimizing unintended negative impacts on ecosystem processes.

scholarly journals CLONAL FORESTRY OF Piptocarpha angustifolia: SURVIVAL AND GROWTH VIGOR IN FIELD CONDITIONS

CERNE ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-74
Author(s):  
Carlos André Stuepp ◽  
Ivar Wendling ◽  
Henrique Soares Koehler ◽  
Katia Christina Zuffellato-Ribas
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Forest Plantations ◽  
Clonal Forestry ◽  
Base Diameter ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Clonal Plantation ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Growth Vigor ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

ABSTRACT Piptocarpha angustifolia is a potential native species for Brazilian forestry. However, a lot of challenges and technical constraints persist, hindering its expansion as a species for forest plantations, among them, the lack of evaluation of their survival and growth in field conditions. Thus, we evaluated the survival and growth vigor of Piptocarpha angustifolia according to two initial heights of mini-cuttings at planting. Plants from mini-cuttings with 20 ± 5 cm and 40 ± 5 cm were planted in field using 3 × 2 m spacing. In these, we evaluated the survival, base diameter and total height during 24 months. The experiment was implemented in a completely randomized design in a split plot model. Plants of 20 ± 5 cm are superior in survival to 40 ± 5 cm ones. The growth in height and diameter remained constant up to 24 months, reaching 64.1 cm and 13.5 mm, independently of the plants expedition time. In general, the establishment of clonal plantation of Piptocarpha angustifolia was limited by the attack of pests, mainly cutting ants. For this reason, plantation of this species must take into account the possibility of greater pest control.

scholarly journals Responses of native and invasive woody seedlings to combined competition and drought are species-specific

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Bueno ◽  
Karin Pritsch ◽  
Judy Simon
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Total Soluble Protein ◽  
Summer Drought ◽  
Species Invasions ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
N Acquisition

Abstract Woody species invasions are a major threat to native communities with intensified consequences during increased periods of summer drought as predicted for the future. Competition for growth-limiting nitrogen (N) between native and invasive tree species might represent a key mechanism underlying the invasion process, because soil water availability and N acquisition of plants are closely linked. To study whether the traits of invasive species provide an advantage over natives in Central Europe in the competition for N under drought, we conducted a greenhouse experiment. We analysed the responses of three native (i.e., Fagus sylvatica, Quercus robur, and Pinus sylvestris) and two invasive woody species (i.e., Prunus serotina and Robinia pseudoacacia) to competition in terms of their organic and inorganic N acquisition, as well as allocation of N to N pools in the leaves and fine roots. In our study, competition resulted in reduced growth and changes in internal N pools in both native and invasive species mediated by the physiological characteristics of the target species, the competitor, as well as soil water supply. N acquisition, however, was not affected by competition indicating that changes in growth and N pools were rather linked to the remobilization of stored N. Drought led to reduced N acquisition, growth and total soluble protein-N levels, while total soluble amino acid-N levels increased, most likely as osmoprotectants as an adaptation to the reduced water supply. Generally, the consequences of drought were enhanced with competition across all species. Comparing the invasive competitors, P. serotina was a greater threat to the native species than R. pseudoacacia. Furthermore, deciduous and coniferous native species affected the invasives differently, with the species-specific responses being mediated by soil water supply.

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