scholarly journals Self-medication with antibiotics and knowledge about antibiotic resistance among nursing practitioners at a tertiary hospital in Northern Ghana: a cross-sectional survey study

Author(s):  
Ismael Niadawe Issaka

Abstract Background Antimicrobial resistance attributed to self-medication with antibiotics is a growing global health concern. Even among health-aware subgroups including medical and nursing practitioners, the prevalence of self-medication with antibiotics remains high. In Ghana, the extent of self-medication with antibiotics among health professionals is not yet fully known. This study draws from a primary cross-sectional study within a tertiary medical facility in Ghana to provide a first estimate of the proportion of nurses who had self-medicated with antibiotics within the last 12 months or longer at the time of the study. The primary study investigated associations between self-medication with antibiotics and socio-demographics, knowledge levels, perceived susceptibility, and perceived severity regarding antibiotic resistance- related conditions. Methods Cross-sectional survey design supported by a pre-tested, standardized, self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data among 170 nurses. Descriptive statistics was used to analyse variable distributions. Chi-square test was used for univariate analysis and logistic regression for multivariable analysis. A level of p < .05 was considered significant. IBM Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21 was used for data analysis. Results 77.1% of study participants recalled having practised self-medication with antibiotics within the last 12 months and longer. 72.9% of respondents obtained antibiotics from the medical store or pharmacy. In the multivariable logistic regression analysis, years of work ≤ 5 years (OR = 0.21, 95% CI: 0.061–0.708), knowledge of antibiotic resistance (OR = 0.178, 95% CI: 0.060–0.528), and high perceived personal severity of a disease related to antibiotic resistance (OR = 0.128, 95% CI: 0.046–0.357) were found significantly associated with the practice of self-medication with antibiotics. Conclusion To curb inappropriate use of antibiotics that increases the risk of antibiotic resistance, there is the need to promote education among nurses and stronger enforcement of laws which forbid sales without prescription.

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-13
Author(s):  
Mohammed Al Saad ◽  
Saad Ahmed Ali Jadoo

Background: Cervical cancer (CC) ranks the eighth most frequent cancer among Syrian women with crude incidence rates 1.4 per 100, 000 populations per year. This study aimed to test the acceptance of the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine among mothers of schoolgirls in sixth-grade class. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted through a structured and self-administrated questionnaire. A total of 400 Syrian mothers of schoolgirls were selected randomly by the cluster sampling method in Aleppo city, Syria, in 2011. Significant variables from univariate analysis were included in an enter technique multiple logistic regression analysis. Results: The response rate was 86%. If the vaccine was free, 282 (81.7%) mothers would accept the vaccine for themselves and 236 (68.4%) for their daughters, respectively. However, the acceptance rate grossly decreased to 24.6% and 15.1%, respectively, if the vaccine was not provided free. The high cost of the HPV vaccine and lack of knowledge were the significant barriers for mothers' acceptance of the HPV vaccine. Protection of daughters and the trust with health authority were the main encouraging reasons to accept the HPV vaccine. Findings from logistic regression analysis revealed that the employed mothers (odds ratio = 2.4; 95% CI: 1.3–4.4), with a positive history of gynecological examination (OR = 2.1; 95% CI: 1.6–2.9) and having sound knowledge (OR = 2.4; 95% CI: 1.0–5.7) are independent factors related to the acceptance of the HPV vaccine for their daughters. Conclusion: The results from this study suggest that mothers from different cultural backgrounds, including Syrian mothers, are holding different beliefs on privacy and health that may affect their willingness to accept the HPV vaccine.


2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 519-524
Author(s):  
Iftekhar Ahmed ◽  
Md Bodiuzzaman Rabbi ◽  
Marufa Rahman ◽  
Rehnuma Tanjin ◽  
Sharmin Jahan ◽  
...  

Bangladesh is a developing country with a very high prevalence of antibiotic resistance where irrational use of antibiotics is very common. This cross-sectional survey was conducted to assess the knowledge of antibiotics and antibiotic usage behavior (Antibiotic use, self-medication, adherence to therapy) among the people of Bangladesh. The association between participants’ knowledge of antibiotics and their antibiotic usage behavior was also analyzed. A cross-sectional survey based on a structured questionnaire was conducted in the Dhaka district. The questionnaire included questions about demographic information, participants’ knowledge of antibiotics, and their recent antibiotic usage. The data analysis involved the use of descriptive statistics and multivariable logistic regression. Very few participants knew that antibiotics are not effective against most common colds (16.8%), viruses (22.5%), and pains (41.7%). Most respondents (>75%) knew that excessive use of antibiotics and failing to complete a course may render antibiotics less effective in the future. However, only 56.1% were aware of antibiotic resistance. About half (46.6%) of the participants took antibiotics in the last six months, 20.5% of whom resorted to self-medication and 23.1% reported non-adherence to therapy. Greater knowledge of antibiotics was significantly associated with lower rates of self-medication (p=0.037). Misconceptions about antibiotics and antibiotic misuse are very common in Bangladesh. The findings suggest that misconceptions about antibiotics and antibiotic misuse are very common in Bangladesh. To mitigate these problems, interventions comprised of educational campaigns and redesigning of the healthcare system and policies should be undertaken. Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. September 2020, 6(3): 519-524


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Visal Moolasart ◽  
Weerawat Manosuthi ◽  
Varaporn Thienthong ◽  
Uajai Jaemsak ◽  
Pimonamorn Pantool ◽  
...  

Abstract Background: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV2). COVID-19 is highly contagious, potentially fatal, and a global public health concern. Combining optimized personal protective equipment (PPE) use and hand hygiene is the best strategy for preventing COVID-19 in health care workers (HCWs).Methods: We conducted a national cross-sectional survey of HCWs in the infection control program in Thailand between May 5, 2020 and May 15, 2020. The primary objective was the prevalence of optimized PPE use amongst HCWs. The secondary objective was identification of the independent predictors of optimized PPE use. Results: Seven hundred and fifty-six HCWs responded. Five HCWs were excluded because of non responsible of care team, and 751 were included in the final analysis. The prevalence of optimized PPE use was 22 % (168/751), 78% (583/751) were non-optimized PPE use, 35% (263/751) over-used PPE, and 43% (320/751) under-used PPE. In univariate analysis, optimized PPE use was significantly associated with age, education level, knowledge of appropriate negative pressure room selection and knowledge of apparently milder symptom severity in children than adults. In multivariate analysis, independent predictors of optimized PPE use were knowledge of appropriate negative pressure room selection (aOR=1.95, 95% CI=1.18-3.22) , the difference in symptom severity between children and adults (aOR=0.55, 95% CI=0.37-0.81) and education level (aOR=1.54, 95% CI=1.04-2.27).Conclusion: The prevalence of optimized PPE use amongst HCWs was 22 %. Independent predictors of optimized PPE use were COVID-19 knowledge-based factors and education level.Continued education is advised among Thai HCWs.


REGION ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-145
Author(s):  
Alistair Anderson

Antibiotic resistance is a global public health issue with several anthropogenic drivers, including antibiotic consumption. Recent studies have highlighted that the relationship between antibiotic consumption and antibiotic resistance is contextualised by a variety of socioeconomic, cultural, and governance-related drivers of consumption behaviour and contagion that have been underexamined. A potential complication for research and policy is that measures of antibiotic consumption are often reliant on prescribing or sales data which may not easily take into account the dynamics of community consumption that include self-medication; for example, the preservation and use of leftover medication or the obtaining of antibiotics without a prescription. This study uses repeated cross-sectional survey data to fulfil two core aims: firstly, to examine the individual-level and national-contextual determinants of self-medication among antibiotic consumers in European countries, and secondly, to examine the relationship between self-medication behaviour and antibiotic resistance at the national level. This study is particularly novel in its application of a multilevel modelling specification that includes individual-level factors with both time-variant and persistent national characteristics to examine antibiotic consumption behaviours. The key findings of the study are that survey respondents in countries with persistently higher levels of inequality, burdens of out-of-pocket health expenditure, and corruption have an increased probability of self-medicating with antibiotics. The study also highlights that overall levels of antibiotic consumption and antibiotic self-medication do not correlate and are associated heterogeneously with changes in different pathogen/antibiotic pairs. In summary, the study emphasises that antibiotic stewardship and antibiotic resistance, whilst related by biological mechanisms, are also inherently social issues. Attempts to improve antibiotic stewardship and address the challenge of antibiotic resistance should also attend to structural challenges that underlie challenges to antibiotic stewardship in the community, such as the effects of inequality and reduced access to healthcare services.


2022 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Li ◽  
Zhen Wen ◽  
Yimei He ◽  
Jingting Huang

Abstract Background A global public health emergency triggered by the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic may have are markable psychological impact on the population. There is still limited psychological research on police officers, especially prison officers in the process of enforcing the law. The present study aims to identify prevalence and influencing factors on mental health status among frontline prison officers in China during the prevention and control of the COVID-19 epidemic. Methods A cross-sectional survey with a sample of 981 frontline prison officers was conducted using snowball sampling approach. The self-administered questionnaire consisted of 4 parts: (i) informed consent form; (ii) socio-demographic section; (iii) work and life situations during the prevention and control of the COVID-19 epidemic; (iv) the Chinese version of the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12). Univariate analysis and multivariable logistic regression were performed to identify factors influencing mental health status. Results The prevalence of being prone to mental health problems (GHQ-12 score ≥ 4) was 33.43% among frontline prison officers. The results of GHQ-12 factors analysis indicated that the prison officers suffered from psychological issues was related to anxiety and depression, which main symptoms were unhappy and depressed, lost sleep over worry and constantly under strain. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that male (OR = 1.573, 95% CI:1.385–1.853), lockdown shift inside the prison(OR = 2.203, 95% CI:2.139–2.297), more night shifts (OR = 2.163, 95% CI:2.031–2.317; OR = 2.749, 95% CI:2.194–2.901), more smoking (OR = 1.100, 95% CI:1.037–2.168), poor self-reported physical condition (OR = 1.947, 95% CI:1.478–2.250), chronic or serious illness history(OR = 1.870, 95% CI:1.314–2.660; OR = 2.214, 95% CI:1.460–2.812) were risk factors for mental health among frontline prison officers, while regular diet (OR = 0.779, 95% CI:0.539–0.928), more physical exercise (OR = 0.702, 95% CI:0.548–0.899; OR = 0.641, 95% CI:0.316–0.887), more communication with family members (OR = 0.437, 95% CI:0.295–0.616) were protective factors. Conclusion Chinese frontline prison officers experienced different psychological stress coming from the prevention and control of this epidemic. Therefore, continued surveillance of psychological problems and targeted mental health care for frontline prison officers were urgent.


2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 544-550
Author(s):  
Veronica a ◽  
◽  
Ejeh b ◽  
Benjamine N. Ojotu ◽  
◽  
...  

Over the years, individuals have been visiting the drug stores intending to treat their respective illnesses without expert consultation. Self-medication has been defined as self-prescription and self-administration of drugs by an individual without consulting a medical expert. It is a public health concern. Research has established several predictor variables in self-medication. Thus, the purpose of this study is to examine the predictive role of peer influence and self-esteem on self-medication practice among the youth in the middle-belt region of Nigeria. A cross-sectional survey was adopted. Two hundred and sixteen youth pooled from four large public health institutions in Kogi and Benue State participated in the study. The participant completed a self-report measure,and a multiple regression model was used to test the hypothesis. The result showed that peerinfluence statistically significantly predicted self-medication practice, while self-esteem did not. The study recommends a robust anti-self-medication campaign.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Ali ◽  
Ahmed Hossain

AbstractobjectivesTo assess COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in Bangladesh and identify population subgroups with higher odds of vaccine hesitancy.designA nationally representative cross-sectional survey was used. Univariate analysis was employed to compute vaccine hesitancy proportions and compare them across groups and multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to compute the adjusted odds ratio.settingBangladeshparticipantsA total of 1134 participants from the general population, aged 18 years and above.outcome measuresPrevalence and predictors of vaccine hesitancy.results32.5% of participants showed COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. Hesitancy was high among respondents who were males, over age 60, unemployed, from low-income families, from central Bangladesh including Dhaka, living in rented houses, tobacco users, politically affiliated, participants who did not believe in the vaccine’s effectiveness for Bangladeshis and those who did not have any physical illnesses in the last year. In the multilevel logistic regression models, respondents who were transgender (AOR= 3.62), married (AOR=1.49), tobacco users (AOR=1.33), those who did not get any physical illnesses in the last year (AOR=1.49), those with political affiliations with opposition parties (AOR= 1.48), those who believed COVID-19 vaccines will not be effective for Bangladeshis (AOR= 3.20), and those who were slightly concerned (AOR = 2.87) or not concerned at all (AOR = 7.45) about themselves or a family member getting infected with COVID-19 in the next one year were significantly associated with vaccine hesitancy (p < 0.05).conclusionsGiven the high prevalence of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy, it is important to promote evidence-based communication, mass media campaigns, and policy initiatives across Bangladesh to reduce vaccine hesitancy among the Bangladeshi population.Strengths and Limitations of the studyThis study is the first its kind to measure COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in Bangladesh.In this study, randomly selected participants were interviewed face to face, enabling a nearly true representative sample of the Bangladeshi general population.This study identified a wide range of sub-groups of the general population with higher odds of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy relating to their sociodemographic characteristics in Bangladesh; thus, providing baseline evidence for the low and middle-income and low-resourced countries worldwide.Traditional media and social media influence on COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy was not measured which is a major limitation of this study.


Author(s):  
Hua You ◽  
Ting Yu ◽  
Hai Gu ◽  
Yun Kou ◽  
Xin-peng Xu ◽  
...  

With relatively sufficient antenatal health service supplies in eastern rural China, the utilization still needs to be improved. The objective of this study was to identify factors that correlate with antenatal care (ANC) utilization from the demand-side in Jiangsu, China. In a cross-sectional survey, a sample of 896 rural women who had a childbearing history in the previous 5 years answered ANC questions and formed the final analysis. Questionnaire was designed based on Andersen’s behavioral model. The outcome variables included receiving times and items of prescribed ANC utilization, and the explanatory variables were organized into 3 hierarchical levels: predisposing, enabling, and need factors. Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis were conducted. In the results of multivariate logistic regression, factors significantly associated with ANC examination times included income, odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval [CI]) = 2.90 (1.92-4.39); the distance from the nearest hospital, OR (95% CI) = 0.67 (0.47-0.95); chronic disease, OR (95% CI) = 1.77 (1.15-2.72); and parity, OR (95% CI) = 0.66 (0.46-0.95), while factors significantly associated with ANC examination items included education, OR (95% CI) = 8.02 (1.08-59.67); income, OR (95% CI) = 3.90 (1.72-8.85); female medical staff in towns and villages, OR (95% CI) = 2.64 (1.39-5.02); and parity, OR (95% CI) = 0.41 (0.23-0.75). In reducing inadequate ANC utilization in rural area, efforts should be made not only to target the rural women with lower income, lower educational level, and multi-parity, but also to further improve the accessibility of the primary medical facilities and female staff at the grassroots level.


2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suleyman Utku Celik ◽  
Alperen Aslan ◽  
Eylul Coskun ◽  
Beyza Nur Coban ◽  
Zeynep Haner ◽  
...  

Abstract Background Burnout resulting from long-term and unmanaged workplace stress is high among healthcare professionals, especially surgeons, and affects both individuals and the quality of patient care. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and associated factors for burnout among attending general surgeons and to identify possible preventive strategies. Methods A national cross-sectional survey using a 35-item questionnaire was conducted among members of the Turkish Surgical Society. The survey evaluated demographics, professional and practice characteristics, social participation, and burnout as well as interventions to deal with burnout. Burnout was defined as a high score on the emotional exhaustion (EE) and/or depersonalization (DP) subscales. Surgeons with high scores on both the EE and DP and a low score on personal accomplishment (PA) were considered to have severe burnout. Results Six hundred fifteen general surgeons completed the survey. The median EE, DP, and PA scores were 34 (IQR, 20–43), 9 (IQR, 4–16), and 36 (IQR, 30–42), respectively. Overall, the prevalence of burnout and severe burnout were 69.1 and 22.0%, respectively. On multivariable analysis, factors independently associated with burnout were working in a training and research hospital (OR = 3.34; P < 0.001) or state hospital (OR = 2.77; P = 0.001), working ≥ 60 h per week (OR = 1.57; P = 0.046), and less frequent participation in social activities (OR = 3.65; P < 0.001). Conclusions Burnout is an important problem among general surgeons with impacts and consequences for professionals, patients, and society. Considering that burnout is a preventable condition, systematic efforts to identify at-risk populations and to develop strategies to address burnout in surgeons are needed.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document