scholarly journals Willingness to pay for breast cancer screening by providing basic and more complete information

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Moeeni ◽  
Shiva Rahmani ◽  
Mahmood Yousefi ◽  
Shirin Nosratnejad
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Breast Cancer Screening ◽  
Mammography Screening ◽  
Complete Information ◽  
Basic Information ◽  
Specific Test ◽  
Education Status ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background Mammography screening is the most sensitive and specific test that can be conducted along with the clinical examination for the early diagnosis of breast cancer. However, like other tests, mammography screening is not a perfect test and has some limitations. The purpose of the present study is to measure women’s willingness to pay for breast cancer screening with mammography by providing them with basic and more complete information. Method: In this study, 450 women aged 35–55 years were assigned into two groups of equal numbers. The first group was provided only with the basic information on 225 women, while the other group was provided with more complete information. The double bounded dichotomous choice method was used to extract women’s willingness to pay for mammography screening. Result The mean willingness to pay for breast cancer screening with mammography was estimated as 26.14$ in the group receiving basic information and 21.41$ in the group receiving complete information.The results of interval regression analysis reported age of woman at the time interview, her occupation status, her education status, whether or not she had complementary insurance, and her prior experience of mammography as correlates of willingness to pay for mammography screening. Conclusion The more women have knowledge about all aspects of mammography screening, the more they are ready to utilize it. The results suggest the women can balance the possible benefits of mammography screening against its demerits.

scholarly journals Willingness to Pay for Breast Cancer Screening by Providing Basic and more Complete Information

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Moeeni ◽  
Shiva Rahmani ◽  
Mahmood Yousefi ◽  
Shirin Nosratnejad
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Breast Cancer Screening ◽  
Mammography Screening ◽  
Complete Information ◽  
Basic Information ◽  
Specific Test ◽  
Education Status ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background: Mammography screening is the most sensitive and specific test that can be conducted along with the clinical examination for the early diagnosis of breast cancer. However, like other tests, mammography screening is not a perfect test and has some limitations. The purpose of the present study is to measure women’s willingness to pay for breast cancer screening with mammography by providing them with basic and more complete information.Method: In this study, 450 women aged 35-55 years were assigned into two groups of equal numbers. The first group was provided only with the basic information on 225 women, while the other group was provided with more complete information. The double bounded dichotomous choice method was used to extract women’s willingness to pay for mammography screening.Result: The mean willingness to pay for breast cancer screening with mammography was estimated as 26.14$ in the group receiving basic information and 21.41$ in the group receiving complete information.The results of interval regression analysis reported age of woman at the time interview, her occupation status, her education status, whether or not she had complementary insurance, and her prior experience of mammography as correlates of willingness to pay for mammography screening. Conclusion: The more women have knowledge about all aspects of mammography screening, the more they are ready to utilize it. The results suggest the women can balance the possible benefits of mammography screening against its demerits.

scholarly journals Telemammography for breast cancer screening: a cost-effective approach in Argentina

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. e100351
Author(s):  
Victoria Alba Malek Pascha ◽  
Li Sun ◽  
Ramiro Gilardino ◽  
Rosa Legood
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Breast Cancer Screening ◽  
Probabilistic Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Mammography Screening ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Access To Healthcare ◽  
Over 40 Years ◽  
Improve Access

ObjectivesArgentina is a low and middle-income country (LMIC) with a highly fragmented healthcare system that conflicts with access to healthcare stated by the country’s Universal Health Coverage plan. A tele-mammography network could improve access to breast cancer screening decreasing its mortality. This research aims to conduct an economic evaluation of the implementation of a tele-mammography program to improve access to healthcare.MethodsA cost-utility analysis was performed to explore the incremental benefit of annual tele-mammography screening for at-risk Argentinian women over 40 years old. A Markov model was developed to simulate annual mammography or tele-mammography screening in two hypothetical population-based cohorts of asymptomatic women. Parameter uncertainty was evaluated through deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analysis. Model structure uncertainty was also explored to test the robustness of the results.ResultsIt was estimated that 31 out of 100 new cases of breast cancer would be detected by mammography and 39/100 by tele-mammography. The model returned an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of £26 051/quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) which is lower than the WHO-recommended threshold of £26 288/QALY for Argentina. Deterministic sensitivity analysis showed the ICER is most sensitive to the uptake and sensitivity of the screening tests. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis showed tele-mammography is cost-effective in 59% of simulations.DiscussionTele-mammography should be considered for adoption as it could improve access to expertise in underserved areas where adherence to screening protocols is poor. Disaggregated data by province is needed for a better- informed policy decision. Telemedicine could also be beneficial in ensuring the continuity of care when health systems are under stress like in the current COVID-19 pandemic.ConclusionThere is a 59% chance that tele-mammography is cost-effective compared to mammography for at-risk Argentinian women over 40- years old, and should be adopted to improve access to healthcare in underserved areas of the country.

scholarly journals Psychological predictors of intention and avoidance of attending organized mammography screening in Norway: applying the Extended Parallel Process Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Ivanova ◽  
Ingela Lundin Kvalem
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Breast Cancer Screening ◽  
Mammography Screening ◽  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Parallel Process ◽  
Extended Parallel Process Model ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Response Efficacy

Abstract Background Mammography screening is the main method for early detection of breast cancer in Norway. Few studies have focused on psychological determinants of both attendance and non-attendance of publicly available mammography screening programs. The aim of the current study, guided by the Extended Parallel Process Model, was to examine how psychological factors influence defensive avoidance of breast cancer screening and intention to attend mammography. Methods Cross-sectional survey data from a community sample of women living in Norway aged ≥ 18 (N = 270), and without a history of breast cancer, was collected from September 2018 to June 2019 and used to investigate the relationships between the Extended Parallel Process Model (EPPM) constructs and two outcomes: defensive avoidance of breast cancer screening and intention to attend mammography within the next two years. After adjusting for confounding factors, the hierarchical multiple linear regression analyses was conducted to assess the ability of the independent variables based on the EPPM to predict the two outcome variables. Significance level was chosen at p < 0.05. Results Multivariate analyses showed that defensive avoidance of breast cancer screening was predicted by lower perceived susceptibility to breast cancer (β =  − 0.22, p = 0.001), lower response efficacy of mammography screening (β =  − 0.33, p = 0.001), higher breast cancer fear (β = 0.15, p = 0.014), and checking breasts for lumps (β =  − 0.23, p = 0.001). Intention to attend mammography within the next two years was predicted by higher response efficacy of mammography screening (β = 0.13, p = 0.032), having a lower educational level (β =  − 0.10, p = 0.041), and regular previous mammography attendance compared to never attending (β = 0.49, p = 0.001). Conclusions The study revealed that defensive avoidance of breast cancer screening and intention to attend mammography were not predicted by the same pattern of psychological factors. Our findings suggest future health promotion campaigns need to focus not only on the psychological factors that encourage women’s decision to attend the screening, but also to counter factors that contribute to women’s decision to avoid it.

scholarly journals Linking Reminders and Physician Breast Cancer Screening Recommendations: Results From a National Survey

2017 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth J. Siembida ◽  
Archana Radhakrishnan ◽  
Sarah A. Nowak ◽  
Andrew M. Parker ◽  
Craig Evan Pollack
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Breast Cancer Screening ◽  
Mammography Screening ◽  
Primary Care Physicians ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Average Risk ◽  
Screening Guidelines ◽  
Practice Characteristics

Purpose Physician reminders have successfully increased rates of mammography. However, considering recent changes to breast cancer screening guidelines that disagree on the optimal age to start and stop mammography screening, we sought to examine the extent to which reminders have been deployed for breast cancer screening targeting younger and older patients. Methods A mailed survey was sent to a national sample of 2,000 primary care physicians between May and September 2016. Physicians were asked whether they received reminders to screen women in various age groups (40 to 44, 45 to 49, and ≥ 75 years), the organizational screening guidelines they trusted most, and whether they recommended routine breast cancer screening to average-risk women in the different age groups. Using regression models, we assessed the association between reminders and physician screening recommendations, controlling for physician and practice characteristics, and evaluated whether the association varied by the guidelines they trusted. Results A total of 871 physicians responded (adjusted response rate, 52.3%). Overall, 28.9% of physicians reported receiving reminders for patient ages 40 to 44 years, 32.5% for patient ages 45 to 49 years, and 16.5% for patient ages ≥ 75 years. Receiving reminders significantly increased the likelihood of physicians recommending mammography screening. In adjusted analyses, 84% (95% CI, 77% to 90%) of physicians who received reminders recommended screening for women ages ≥ 75 versus 65% (95% CI, 62% to 69%) of those who did not receive reminders. The associations between reminders and screening recommendations remained consistent regardless of which guidelines physicians reported trusting. Conclusion Reminders were significantly associated with increases in physician screening recommendations for mammography, underscoring the need for careful implementation in scenarios where guidelines are discordant.

scholarly journals Conclusions for mammography screening after 25-year follow-up of the Canadian National Breast Cancer Screening Study (CNBSS)

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 342-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. H. Heywang-Köbrunner ◽  
I. Schreer ◽  
A. Hacker ◽  
M. R. Noftz ◽  
A. Katalinic
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Breast Cancer Screening ◽  
Mammography Screening ◽  
National Breast ◽  
Screening Study

scholarly journals Worldwide Review and Meta-Analysis of Cohort Studies Measuring the Effect of Mammography Screening Programmes on Incidence-Based Breast Cancer Mortality

Cancers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 976
Author(s):  
Amanda Dibden ◽  
Judith Offman ◽  
Stephen W. Duffy ◽  
Rhian Gabe
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Breast Cancer Screening ◽  
Cancer Mortality ◽  
Mammography Screening ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Breast Cancer Mortality ◽  
Substantial Reduction ◽  
Healthcare Setting ◽  
Actual Attendance

In 2012, the Euroscreen project published a review of incidence-based mortality evaluations of breast cancer screening programmes. In this paper, we update this review to October 2019 and expand its scope from Europe to worldwide. We carried out a systematic review of incidence-based mortality studies of breast cancer screening programmes, and a meta-analysis of the estimated effects of both invitation to screening and attendance at screening, with adjustment for self-selection bias, on incidence-based mortality from breast cancer. We found 27 valid studies. The results of the meta-analysis showed a significant 22% reduction in breast cancer mortality with invitation to screening, with a relative risk of 0.78 (95% CI 0.75–0.82), and a significant 33% reduction with actual attendance at screening (RR 0.67, 95% CI 0.61–0.75). Breast cancer screening in the routine healthcare setting continues to confer a substantial reduction in mortality from breast cancer.

scholarly journals Improving physician compliance with mammography screening by implementing a breast cancer screening guideline at a hospital in Bahrain

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. e001351
Author(s):  
Rabih Mustapha Abou leila ◽  
Michael Shannon ◽  
Sarah El-Nassir El-Nigoumi
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Breast Cancer Screening ◽  
Mammography Screening ◽  
Eligible Patient ◽  
Improvement Project ◽  
Screening Guidelines ◽  
Physician Knowledge ◽  
Physician Compliance ◽  
Screening Guideline

BackgroundFrom a health and safety perspective, it is critical to use adequate, evidence-based breast screening guidelines. The aim of this quality improvement project was to improve physicians’ compliance with breast cancer screening guidelines to enhance the mammography screening rate among eligible women; this was achieved through the implementation of multifaceted changes to the hospital’s processes and the improvement of physicians’ attitudes towards the guidelines.MethodsThe project used the Plan-Do-Study-Act method to implement the changes. This was a pre-post evaluation study. The data were collected from patients’ charts. The primary outcome of interest was the rate of physician compliance with mammography screening guidelines before and after the implementation of the process changes. A literature review was conducted to determine which women should be identified as eligible for mammography screening.InterventionThe interventions targeted physician knowledge and hospital processes. Improving doctors’ expertise was achieved by implementing the US Preventive Service Task Force recommendation for mammography screening every 2 years for women aged 50–74 years. The process modifications included the establishment of a system that would be effective in identifying at-risk patients and reminding physicians at the point of care.ResultsOver the course of this study, 825 patients met the criteria for breast cancer screening. The rate of physician compliance with the breast cancer screening guideline increased from 2% to 69% after 23 weeks, and the control charts demonstrated a reliable process.ConclusionThis project examined the relationship between different interventions (identification of the eligible patient, reminder alerts and physician knowledge) and physician compliance with mammography screening guidelines. The results suggest a positive link between the study variables and physicians’ compliance with mammography screening guidelines.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Knowledge Level of Family Medicine Residents about Mammography and Breast Cancer Screening Programs

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 187-192
Author(s):  
Ali Murat Koc
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Family Medicine ◽  
Breast Cancer Screening ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Knowledge Level ◽  
Breast Cancer Screening Program ◽  
Cancer Screening Program ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Family Medicine Residents

Aim: It was aimed to evaluate the level of knowledge of family medicine residents about breast cancer screening program national standards and mammography. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, an online questionnaire was used to measure the knowledge level of family medicine resident doctors about breast cancer and mammography. In addition to demographic information, the questionnaire included questions about the diagnostic advantages of radiological breast imaging methods, the age of onset of breast cancer screening in different risk groups, and the national breast cancer screening program. The questionnaire, prepared through Google forms, was announced on social media channels used by family physicians and kept open for three months. Results: The mean age of 151 physicians was 30.4±4.3. 61.6% of the physicians were female and 38.4% were male. Only 11.9% (n=18) of the participants had previously attended a training/course on mammography. The mean correct answer score was 4.58±1.50 for 9 questions. The test scores of the residents who received specialized training in the education and research hospital were statistically significantly higher than those who received training in the university hospital (4.77±1.86 and 3.64±1.63). The mean score of residents who received previous mammography education was significantly higher than others. Conclusion: Awareness and knowledge levels of family medicine residents about breast cancer screening methods and programs should be increased with multidisciplinary training programs. Keywords: mammography, breast cancer, screening, family practice

scholarly journals Barriers to Mammography Screening in Nigeria: A Survey of Two Communities With Different Access to Screening Facilities

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement 3) ◽  
pp. 31s-31s
Author(s):  
Olalekan Olasehinde ◽  
Olusegun I. Alatise ◽  
Olukayode A. Arowolo ◽  
Victoria L. Mango ◽  
Olalere S. Olajide ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Breast Cancer Screening ◽  
Mammography Screening ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Delayed Presentation ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Screening Practices

Purpose Breast cancer outcomes are poor in most low- and middle-income countries. This is a result, in part, of delayed presentation. Critical to improving this gloomy picture is the promotion of breast cancer screening programs; however, designing a formidable screening program requires obtaining necessary background data. This survey evaluates breast cancer screening practices and barriers in two Nigerian communities with different geographic access to screening facilities. Methods We administered a 35-item questionnaire to women age 40 years and older—1,169 participants (52.6%) in the Ife Central Local Government, where mammography services are offered, and 1,053 (47.4%) in the Iwo Local Government, where there are no mammography units. Information on breast cancer screening practices and barriers to mammography screening were compared between the two communities. Results Most women had heard of breast cancer (Ife, 94%; Iwo, 97%), but few have had any form of breast cancer screening recommended to them—37.7% of Ife respondents and 36.6% of Iwo respondents. Few women were aware of mammography (Ife, 11.8%; Iwo, 11.4%), whereas mammography uptake was 2.8% Ife respondents and 1.8% in Iwo respondents, despite the latter offering mammography services. Awareness and practice of mammography were not statistically different between the two communities ( P = .74 and P = .1 for Ife and Iwo, respectively). Lack of awareness was the most common reason cited for not undergoing mammography in both communities. Cost was also identified as a barrier, as only 20% of respondents could afford mammography. Despite being offered at little or no cost, uptake of clinical breast examination (CBE) was poor in both communities—27.4% in Iwo and 19.7% in Ife; however, the majority were willing to participate in a routine CBE-based breast cancer screening program. Conclusion Access without awareness and community mobilization does not guarantee use of breast cancer screening services. Given the above findings, a comprehensive breast health program that incorporates awareness creation, routine CBE-based screening, and selective mammography is currently underway in a selected Nigerian community. AUTHORS' DISCLOSURES OF POTENTIAL CONFLICTS OF INTEREST No COIs from the author

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