scholarly journals Climate Change and Invasion Expansion Jointly Reshape Geographic Ranges of Invasive Tephritid Fruit Flies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zihua Zhao ◽  
Yu Zhang ◽  
Gonzalo A Avila ◽  
Peng Han ◽  
Xubin Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Bactrocera Dorsalis ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Geographic Ranges ◽  
The Past ◽  
Data Coverage ◽  
Geographic Distributions ◽  
Tephritid Fruit Flies

Abstract Human-mediated species introductions have greatly contributed significantly to the current global alteration of the biosphere, with many invasive species rapidly expanding their geographic ranges, leading to changes in biodiversity and disruptions of ecosystem functioning. With a modified SDM that considers both extensive data coverage and the distance to previously already occupied areas, we show continued shifts and expansions of geographic ranges of two globally invasive tephritid pest species Bactrocera dorsalis and Ceratitis capitata). Both tephritid pests are still expanding globally, with their geographic ranges estimated to have expanded by 65% and 22% in the past three decades. The potential future geographic distributions of B. dorsalis and C. capitata under four scenarios of Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) for 2050 highlighted some key changes when compared to their current occurrences. Under all four RCPs by 2050, the potential geographic distribution of C. capitata was predicted to shrink by 5-14%, while the distribution of B. dorsalis was predicted to increase by 12-15%. Under different climate scenarios for 2050, B. dorsalis could experience a notable poleward expansion with increasing connectivity in its future geographic distribution. The two tephritids will continue to co-occur in Africa, with B. dorsalis experiencing higher suitability in most regions where they overlap. Climate changes were estimated to contribute more, than non-equilibrial invasion expansion, to changes in the geographic ranges of the two tephritid pests. The forecasted potential geographic distributions could enhance regional biosecurity preparedness in future climates and mitigate proactively the economic loss from these fruit fly pests.

scholarly journals Host Suitability Index for Polyphagous Tephritid Fruit Flies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter A Follett ◽  
Fay E M Haynes ◽  
Bernard C Dominiak
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Fruit Flies ◽  
Host Suitability ◽  
Bactrocera Dorsalis ◽  
Infestation Rate ◽  
Suitability Index ◽  
Host Status ◽  
Tephritid Fruit Flies

Abstract Tephritid fruit flies are major economic pests for fruit production and are an impediment to international trade. Different host fruits are known to vary in their suitability for fruit flies to complete their life cycle. Currently, international regulatory standards that define the likely legal host status for tephritid fruit flies categorize fruits as a natural host, a conditional host, or a nonhost. For those fruits that are natural or conditional hosts, infestation rate can vary as a spectrum ranging from highly attractive fruits supporting large numbers of fruit flies to very poor hosts supporting low numbers. Here, we propose a Host Suitability Index (HSI), which divides the host status of natural and conditional hosts into five categories based on the log infestation rate (number of flies per kilogram of fruit) ranging from very poor (<0.1), poor (0.1–1.0), moderately good (1.0–10.0), good (10–100), and very good (>100). Infestation rates may be determined by field sampling or cage infestation studies. We illustrate the concept of this index using 21 papers that examine the host status of fruits in five species of polyphagous fruit flies in the Pacific region: Bactrocera tryoni Froggatt, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), Bactrocera latifrons (Hendel), Zeugodacus cucurbitae (Coquillett), and Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae). This general-purpose index may be useful in developing systems approaches that rely on poor host status, for determining surveillance and detection protocols for potential incursions, and to guide the appropriate regulatory response during fruit fly outbreaks.

scholarly journals Highly variable COI haplotype diversity between three species of invasive pest fruit fly reflects remarkably incongruent demographic histories

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camiel Doorenweerd ◽  
Michael San Jose ◽  
Norman Barr ◽  
Luc Leblanc ◽  
Daniel Rubinoff
Keyword(s):  
Haplotype Diversity ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
Invasive Pest ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Invasion Pathways ◽  
Geographic Ranges ◽  
Bactrocera Correcta ◽  
Invasive Pest Species ◽  
Source Populations

AbstractDistance decay principles predict that species with larger geographic ranges would have greater intraspecific genetic diversity than more restricted species. However, invasive pest species may not follow this prediction, with confounding implications for tracking phenomena including original ranges, invasion pathways and source populations. We sequenced an 815 base-pair section of the COI gene for 441 specimens of Bactrocera correcta, 214 B. zonata and 372 Zeugodacus cucurbitae; three invasive pest fruit fly species with overlapping hostplants. For each species, we explored how many individuals would need to be included in a study to sample the majority of their haplotype diversity. We also tested for phylogeographic signal and used demographic estimators as a proxy for invasion potency. We find contrasting patterns of haplotype diversity amongst the species, where B. zonata has the highest diversity but most haplotypes were represented by singletons; B. correcta has ∼7 dominant haplotypes more evenly distributed; Z. cucurbitae has a single dominant haplotype with closely related singletons in a ‘star-shape’ surrounding it. We discuss how these differing patterns relate to their invasion histories. None of the species showed meaningful phylogeographic patterns, possibly due to gene-flow between areas across their distributions, obscuring or eliminating substructuring.

Effect of fruit and host fly species on the associative learning by Fopius arisanus

2019 ◽  
Vol 109 (05) ◽  
pp. 649-658
Author(s):  
A. Monsia ◽  
G.S.B. Mègnigbèto ◽  
D. Gnanvossou ◽  
M.F. Karlsson
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Associative Learning ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Bactrocera Dorsalis ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Fopius Arisanus ◽  
Host Fruit ◽  
Control Programmes ◽  
Odour Learning ◽  
Ceratitis Cosyra

AbstractParasitoids, released in augmentative biological control programmes, which display a rapid host-location capacity, have a higher likelihood of successfully controlling target pest species. By learning to associate sensory cues to a suitable oviposition site, might parasitoids used as biological control agents, locate hosts more rapidly, and perhaps increase the efficacity of e.g. Tephritidae fruit fly management. We studied associative learning of Fopius arisanus (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and tested its range of learning in natural and conditional hosts and host fruits, i.e. Bactrocera dorsalis, Zeugodacus cucurbitae, Ceratitis capitata and Ceratitis cosyra (Diptera: Tephritidae) and on fruits (papaya, tomato, banana). Naïve female F. arisanus were compared with experienced wasps, which had been offered infested and non-infested fruit, and been allowed to oviposit. Preferences for olfactory cues from infested fruits were thereafter assessed in a two-choice olfactometer. Naïve and trained parasitoids preference differed in general and non-responders to infested fruits were higher among naïve parasitoids. The trained wasps preferred the fruit infested in the training more than the control fruit, for all combination, except when C. cosyra infested the fruits, hence avoidance behavioural response was observed towards the odour of the infested fruit. Fopius arisanus was capable of behaviourally respond to the learned information, e.g. associative odour learning was achieved, yet limited depending on interaction level, fruit fly and fruit combination. To create F. arisanus preference of an associated odour, it might hence be needed to ensure oviposition in perceived suitable host and host fruit, for the parasitoid learning to become favourable in a biological control setup.

scholarly journals Efficiency of RNA interference is improved by knockdown of dsRNA nucleases in tephritid fruit flies

Open Biology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 190198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison Tayler ◽  
Daniel Heschuk ◽  
David Giesbrecht ◽  
Jae Yeon Park ◽  
Steve Whyard
Keyword(s):  
Rna Interference ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Melanin Synthesis ◽  
Bactrocera Tryoni ◽  
Double Stranded Rna ◽  
Rnai Efficiency ◽  
Gene Transcripts ◽  
Tephritid Fruit Flies

RNA interference (RNAi) in insects is routinely used to ascertain gene function, but also has potential as a technology to control pest species. For some insects, such as beetles, ingestion of small quantities of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) is able to knock down a targeted gene's expression. However, in other species, ingestion of dsRNA can be ineffective owing to the presence of nucleases within the gut, which degrade dsRNA before it reaches target cells. In this study, we observed that nucleases within the gut of the Queensland fruit fly ( Bactrocera tryoni ) rapidly degrade dsRNA and reduce RNAi efficacy. By complexing dsRNA with liposomes within the adult insect's diet, RNAi-mediated knockdown of a melanin synthesis gene, yellow , was improved significantly, resulting in strong RNAi phenotypes. RNAi efficiency was also enhanced by feeding both larvae and adults for several days on dsRNAs that targeted two different dsRNase gene transcripts. Co-delivery of both dsRNase-specific dsRNAs and yellow dsRNA resulted in almost complete knockdown of the yellow transcripts. These findings show that the use of liposomes or co-feeding of nuclease-specific dsRNAs significantly improves RNAi inhibition of gene expression in B. tryoni and could be a useful strategy to improve RNAi-based control in other insect species.

scholarly journals Modified Atmosphere Does Not Reduce the Efficacy of Phytosanitary Irradiation Doses Recommended for Tephritid Fruit Flies

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa S. Dias ◽  
Guy J. Hallman ◽  
Olga Y. Martínez-Barrera ◽  
Nick V. Hurtado ◽  
Amanda A. S. Cardoso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Agricultural Trade ◽  
Fruit Flies ◽  
Bactrocera Dorsalis ◽  
Modified Atmosphere ◽  
Radiation Doses ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Levels ◽  
Tephritid Fruit Flies

Phytosanitary irradiation (PI) has been successfully used to disinfest fresh commodities and facilitate international agricultural trade. Critical aspects that may reduce PI efficacy must be considered to ensure the consistency and effectiveness of approved treatment schedules. One factor that can potentially reduce PI efficacy is irradiation under low oxygen conditions. This factor is particularly important because storage and packaging of horticultural commodities under low oxygen levels constitute practices widely used to preserve their quality and extend their shelf life. Hence, international organizations and regulatory agencies have considered the uncertainties regarding the efficacy of PI doses for insects infesting fresh commodities stored under low oxygen levels as a rationale for restricting PI application under modified atmosphere. Our research examines the extent to which low oxygen treatments can reduce the efficacy of phytosanitary irradiation for tephritids naturally infesting fruits. The effects of normoxia (21% O2), hypoxia (~5% O2), and severe hypoxia (< 0.5% O2) on radiation sensitivity of third instars of Anastrepha fraterculus (sensu lato), A. ludens (Loew), Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), and Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) were evaluated and compared at several gamma radiation doses. Our findings suggest that, compared to normoxia, hypoxic and severe-hypoxic conditioning before and during irradiation can increase adult emergence and contribute to advancement of larval development of tephritid fruit flies only at low radiation doses that are not used as phytosanitary treatments. With phytosanitary irradiation doses approved internationally for several tephritids, low oxygen treatments applied before and during irradiation did not increase the emergence rates of any fruit fly species evaluated, and all treated insects died as coarctate larvae. Thus, the findings of our research support a re-evaluation of restrictions related to phytosanitary irradiation application under modified atmospheres targeting tephritid fruit flies.

Recaptures of feral Bactrocera dorsalis and B. umbrosa (Diptera: Tephritidae) males after feeding on methyl eugenol

2019 ◽  
Vol 110 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-21
Author(s):  
K.-H. Tan
Keyword(s):  
Sex Pheromone ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Methyl Eugenol ◽  
Bactrocera Dorsalis ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Mark Release Recapture ◽  
Impact Area ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Orchid Flower

AbstractTwo major fruit fly pest species, Bactrocera dorsalis and B. umbrosa, are strongly attracted to methyl eugenol (ME) found in >450 plant species. They are, however, exclusive pollinators of certain daciniphilous (attracting Dacini fruit flies) Bulbophyllum orchids. A comparison between the recaptures of feral males after feeding ad libitum on 0.6 mg ME (simulating an average floral quantity of an orchid flower – Trial 1) and 480 mg in Trial 2 was investigated using the non-invasive capture-mark-release-recapture (CMRR) technique. Based on daily CMRR over a 16-day period, using a different colour enamel paint each day, percentages of B. dorsalis males recaptured in Trial 1 were significantly higher than those in Trial 2. However, for B. umbrosa, percentages of recaptures for different day-specific colours were highly variable due to low fly numbers captured/day. In Trial 1, of 756 B. dorsalis males released, 36.4% were recaptured once, 7.7 twice, 2.4 three times and 0.4 four times. While in Trial 2 of 1157 released males, 6% were recaptured once and 0.3% twice. Of 67 B. umbrosa males released, 28.4% were recaptured once and none more than once in Trial 1. Nevertheless, of 119 flies released in Trial 2, 25.2% were recaptured once and 3.3% twice. Overall, many marked males did return to a single ME-source to ‘refuel’ ME (a sex pheromone precursor). The results also show that a relatively high number of flies paid multi-visitations to a single 0.6 mg ME-source and indicate that the presence of natural ME-sources may impact area-wide IPM programmes.

Efficiency of Food-Based Attractants for Monitoring Tephritid Fruit Flies Diversity and Abundance in Mango Systems Across Three West African Agro-Ecological Zones

2019 ◽  
Vol 113 (2) ◽  
pp. 860-871
Author(s):  
Rachid Hanna ◽  
Désiré Gnanvossou ◽  
Georg Goergen ◽  
Aimé H Bokonon-Ganta ◽  
Samira A Mohamed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Efficiency ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Rank Order ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Fruit Flies ◽  
Bactrocera Dorsalis ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Torula Yeast ◽  
Tephritid Fruit Flies ◽  
Agro Ecological Zones

Abstract Food baits are effective and widely used tools for monitoring diversity and abundance of tephritid fruit flies. Four food-baits—Nulure, BioLure, Mazoferm at 3 and 6%, and Torula yeast—were used in multi-lure traps over a 4-yr period in mango orchards in three Benin agro-ecological zones (AEZ) representing a large swath of environments in western Africa. Twelve tephritid fruit fly species were captured during the trials, with the highest richness in the Forest Savannah Mosaic (FSM), followed by the Southern Guinea Savannah (SGS), and the Northern Guinea Savannah (NGS) AEZ. Despite previous reports of displacement, the native species Ceratitis cosyra remained the dominant tephritid species in mango orchards in the NGS, with the invasive and exotic species Bactrocera dorsalis dominating the tephritid fauna in the SGS and FSM. Torula yeast captured the greatest number of fruit flies in each AEZ. Mazoferm-3% captures were similar to Torula yeast, except for lower captures in the NGS where it tended to harden. The rank order of relative efficiency indices (REI) of the food baits (relative to Torula yeast) is Mazoferm-3% &gt; Nulure &gt; Mazoferm-6% and BioLure. The latter captured more Ceratitis spp. than all the other baits, particularly at very low Ceratitis spp. abundance. To our knowledge, the study is the first to report relative efficiency indices for the selection of food baits in monitoring diversity and abundance of fruit flies. Ecological and practical implications for the use of food baits in comparison with male lures are discussed.

Bactrocera dorsalis species complex. [Distribution map].

1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Species Complex ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Bactrocera Dorsalis ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Oriental Fruit Fly ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
New Distribution ◽  
Complex Distribution

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Bactrocera dorsalis species complex. Diptera: Tephritidae Pest species of the Oriental fruit fly complex An illustration of the Oriental fruit fly complex indicating the distribution of the pest species from maps 109 & 546-552.

The fruit fly fauna (Diptera: Tephritideae: Dacinae) of Papua New Guinea, Indonesian Papua, Associated Islands and Bougainville

2022 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Bactrocera Dorsalis ◽  
Full Description ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
The Status ◽  
Major Pest ◽  
The Rich

Abstract The species within the Tribe Dacini from Papua New Guinea, Indonesian Papua (West Papua, Central Papua, Papua), associated islands and Bougainville are recorded. In all, 296 species are recorded including 65 new species described herein. The new species are treated under two genera, Bactrocera Macquart (eight subgenera) and Dacus Fabricius (three subgenera). The following new species are described and illustrated: Bactrocera (Bactrocera) atriscuta, B. (B.) bisianumu, B. (B.) bogiae, B. (B.) bubiae, B. (B.) bukaensis, B. (B.) caccabata, B. (B.) centraliae, B (B.) dysoxyli, B. (B.) expandosa, B. (B.) fumica, B. (B.) gabensiae, B. (B.) kaiauiae, B. (B.) kauiae, B. (B.) keravatiae, B. (B.) kokodiae, B. (B.) kunvawaensis, B. (B.) labubulu, B. (B.) laensis, B. (B.) manusiae, B. (B.) meraiensis, B. (B.) monostriata, B. (B.) neoabdonigella, B. (B.) neoaeroginosa, B. (B.) ohuiae, B. (B.) paraendiandrae, B. (B.) paraochracea, B. (B.) pometiae, B. (B.) raunsepnaensis, B. (B.) rounaensis, B (B.) rutilana, B. (B.) saramandiae, B. (B.) sari, B. (B.) sylvania, B. (B.) tikelingiae, B. (B.) trivirgulata, B. (B.) waidoriae, B. (B.) yayamiae, Bactrocera (Bulladacus) curiosa, Bactrocera (Calodacus) insolita, Bactrocera (Hemizeugodacus) neoaglaiae, B. (H.) wilhelmiae, Bactrocera (Neozeugodacus) leblanci, Bactrocera (Semicallantra) cerberae, B. (S.) malasaitiae, Bactrocera (Tetradacus) arbuscula, B. (T.) novotnyi, B. (T.) procera, Bactrocera (Zeugodacus) aiyurae, B. (Z.) anglimpiae, B. (Z.) bainingsiae, B. (Z.) madangiae, B. (Z.) magiae, B. (Z.) mitparingii, B. (Z.) oiyaripensis, B. (Z.) parasepikae, B. (Z.) rufoscutella, B. (Z.) xanthovelata, Dacus (Callantra) nigrolobus, D. (Mellesis) alatifuscatus, Dacus (Neodacus) asteriscus, D. (N.) bimaculosus, D. (N.) curvabilis, D. (N.) kreeriae, D. (N.) lalokiae and D. (N.) neosignatifrons. Females of B. (Bactrocera) daruensis Drew, B. (Bactrocera) nigella (Drew) and B. (Bactrocera) thistletoni Drew are described and a revised description of B. (Bactrocera) torresiae Huxham & Hancock is presented. Bactrocera (Bactrocera) denigrata (Drew) is withdrawn from synonymy with B. longicornis Macquart, and a full description of B. longicornis is presented from a study of the holotype and 27 newly collected specimens. New geographical distribution, host plant and male lure records are presented for some species. The major pest species that occur in the geographical region covered by this publication are reviewed and their biosecurity risks to other regional countries discussed. The land mass of Papua New Guinea and Indonesian Papua contains a richer fauna than any other from South-east Asia to the eastern Pacific, presumably resulting from speciation in the rich rainforest ecosystem. Differences of opinion on the status of some species in the Bactrocera dorsalis complex and on the supraspecific classification within the genus Bactrocera are evident in the literature. We have acknowledged and discussed these differences and, as authors, have presented conclusions based on our own research data.

scholarly journals Extract of olive fruit fly males (Diptera: Tephritidae) attract virgin females

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.G. Mavraganis ◽  
N.T. Papadopoulos ◽  
N.A. Kouloussis
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Communication ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Solvent System ◽  
Olive Fruit Fly ◽  
Sexually Active ◽  
Olive Fruit ◽  
The Past ◽  
Sexual Pheromones ◽  
Olfactory Stimuli ◽  
Tephritid Fruit Flies

Research conducted during the past three decades suggests that in contrast to most other tephritid fruit flies, in which sexual pheromones are produced by males, the olive fruit fly Bactrocera oleae (Rossi) relies for its sexual communication on a pheromone that is produced by females. However, our present study suggests that virgin, mature females are attracted to male odors. In olfactometer assays extracts of male bodies obtained with a two-solvent system of methanol and dichloromethane were highly attractive to virgin females. This was observed during the last two hours of the photophase, when males are sexually active, but not during the first hours of the photophase, or when mated females were tested. Extracts of male bodies obtained with diethyl ether were also attractive to virgin females, albeit not as strongly as the two-solvent extracts. These results strongly indicate that males of the olive fruit fly elicit attraction to virgin females based on olfactory stimuli. The importance of these findings for understanding the sexual behavior of the olive fruit fly is discussed.

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