In Vivo Anti-Anemic Effect of an Aqueous Root Extract of Phyllanthus Muellerianus (Kuntze) Exell in Model Rats.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Nyirenda ◽  
Gershom B. Lwanga ◽  
Kaampwe M. Muzandu ◽  
David K. Chuba ◽  
Gibson M. Sijumbila
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extract ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Aqueous Root Extract

Abstract Ethnopharmacological relevanceAnemia is a very serious condition in Zambia. One of the plants that has been used traditionally is Phyllanthus muellerianus where different parts of shrub are used to treat a number of diseases in Zambian folklore medicine. Earlier studies have investigated medicinal properties of its aqueous root extracts. This study evaluated the effect of P. muellerianus roots on the hematological indices of albino rats and determined its phytochemical profile. Aim of the studyTo carry out phytochemical screening of the root extract and assess the ant-anemic effect of the aqueous extract on laboratory rats with tail-bled induced anemia Materials and MethodsThirty-six male albino rats placed in six groups were used for the study. The groups comprised the 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg plant extract, Ranferon (200 mg/kg) positive control, anemic non treated control and a normal (non-anemic) control. Anemia, induced through bleeding of the rats, was defined as hemoglobin (Hb) levels less than 12 g/dL. The anti-anemic potential of the plant was determined by comparing its effect on the hematological parameters of rats on treatment to that of the control group.ResultsAfter treatment, rats on the 400 mg/kg plant extract dose showed the greatest increase in the mean values for Hb, Packed cell volume (PCV) and RBC count were 43.3±1.2%, 15.4±0.3 g/dL and 6.3±0.3 x106 /mL respectively, when compared to the negative control group (P < 0.05). Phytochemical screening revealed positive results for alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, glycosides, steroids, triterpenoids and tannins with varying amounts.Conclusions. The aqueous root extract of P. muellerianus was efficacious against anemia in a dose-dependent manner. The phytochemical compositions seem to be responsible for its hematopoietic properties. Thus, the root decoction of P. muellerianus is useful in alleviating anemia and the results lend credence to its use in traditional medicine in the management of anemia.

scholarly journals Anti-Oxidant and Hepatoprotective Effects of Senecio biafrae on CCl4-induced Liver Damage in Rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-35
Author(s):  
Israel Oghenevwodoko Okoro ◽  
◽  
Helen Ejiro Kadiri ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Anti Oxidant

Background: The present study was performed to explore whether the aqueous extract of Senecio biafrae (S. biafrae) roots provide any in vivo protective activity against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatotoxicity in male albino rats. Methods: Rats (150-200 grams) were grouped into five groups (A-E) of six rats each and were treated orally for twelve days with 72 hourly administration of CCl4 (1 mL/kg) as follows: Group A received distilled water only (negative control), Group B was administered distilled water plus CCl4 (positive control), Group C was administered 400 mg/kg extract and CCl4, Group D received 200 mg/extract and CCl4, while Group E was administered standard drug (Silymarin 25mg/kg, PO). Results: Pre-treatment with the extract of S. biafrae (200 or 400mg/kg) or Silymarin (25mg/kg) caused significant restoration in the biomarkers as evaluated by reducing the levels of malondialdehyde, transaminases and elevating the levels of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities, which were altered by CCl4 toxicity. The extract at a dose of 400mg/kg demonstrated similar activities comparable to the standard drug (Silymarin). Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that the root extract of S. biafrae possesses hepatoprotective and anti-oxidant properties which may be due to the presence of phytochemicals in it.

scholarly journals Sequestration of erythrocytes infected with Plasmodium berghei ANKA in BALB/c mice treated with goat bile

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 179
Author(s):  
Kartika Arum Wardani ◽  
Kholida Nur Aini ◽  
Heny Arwati ◽  
Willy Sandhika
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Berghei ◽  
Antimalarial Activity ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Plasmodium Berghei Anka ◽  
Concentration Dependent Manner ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Bile Concentration

Abstract Sequestration of Plasmodium berghei ANKA-infected erythrocytes occurs in BALB/c mice as characteristic of  Plasmodium falciparum infection in humans. Animals’ bile has been widely used for centuries in Traditional Chinese Medicine. Goat bile has been used in healing infectious and non-infectious diseases; however, no report on the use of goat bile against malaria infection and sequestration. The purpose of this study was to analyze the correlation between parasitemia and sequestration in the liver of P.berghei ANKA-infected BALB/c mice treated with goat bile. This research was an in vivo experimental study using the post-test control group design. The male BALB/c mice aged ± 6 weeks, body weight 20-25 g were used. The mice were divided into five groups where Group 1-3 were mice treated with goat bile 25%, 50%, and 100%, respectively. Group 4-5 were negative (sterile water) and positive controls (DHP). Parasitemia was observed daily from each mouse and the number of sequestered infected erythrocytes on the endothelium of sinusoids. The data were analyzed using t independent test. Antimalarial activity of goat bile was shown by the lower parasitemia in goat bile-treated mice compared with the negative control. The average number of sequestration was goat bile concentration-dependent manner. The higher the concentration, the lower the number of sequestration. Sequestration was correlated with parasitemia (p=0,0001). Sequestration of P.berghei ANKA-infected erythrocytes correlated with parasitemia, and was goat bile concentration-dependent manner. Keywords: Malaria, parasitemia, sequestration, goat bileCorrespondence: [email protected]

scholarly journals Aphrodisiac Effects of Areca Fruit in Erectile Dysfunction Rat Model

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 16-23
Author(s):  
Nita Parisa ◽  
Muhammad Totong Kamaluddin ◽  
Salni Salni
Keyword(s):  
Erectile Dysfunction ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Female Rat ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Animal House ◽  
Test Control

Abstract. Erectile Dysfunction (ED) cases are quite high in both women and men and increase with age. Areca fruit, ginseng and purwoceng are plants that have been traditionally used to increase male vitality. This in vivo experimental research study with pre and post-test control group design located in the laboratory of animal house and the biomolecular laboratory Faculty of Medicine Sriwijaya University. The subjects of this study were albino rats (Rattus norvegicus), Wistar strains, divided into 6 groups are negative control, Sildenafil, Areca Fruit Extract (AFE) 50 mg/kgBW, AFE 100 mg/kgBW, Combination of Areca Fruit, Ginseng and Purwoceng (AGP) 50 mg/kgBW and AGP 100 mg/kgBW. Female rat was injected by giving 500 mg/100 g of subcutaneous progesterone and 10 μg/100 g of BB benzoate 48 hours before mating so that female mice enter the esterus phase. In this study it was found that Combination of Areca fruit, Ginseng and Purwoceng (AGP) group 50mg/kgBW significantly improved testosterone levels compared to sildenafil, while single areca fruit (AFE) dose 50mg/kgBW increased FSH and LH levels as well as sildenafil statistically.   Keywords: areca fruit, erectile dysfunction, FSH, ginseng, LH, purwoceng, testosteron.

scholarly journals Phytochemical screening and in vivo antipyretic activity of the aqueous extracts of three Moroccan medicinal plants

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghizlane Hajjaj ◽  
Aziz Bahlouli ◽  
Karima Sayah ◽  
Mouna Tajani ◽  
Yahia Cherrah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Antipyretic Effect ◽  
Antipyretic Activity

Objective: In this study, the antipyretic effect of different extracts obtained from Matricaria chamomilla L. (MC), Ormenis mixta L. (OM) and Pistacia atlantica DESF. (PA) was investigated experimentally in rats.Methods: Antipyretic activity of aqueous extracts was evaluated by yeast induced pyrexia method. The antipyretic effect was retained in all extracts tested and was comparable to that of paracetamol used as the standard drug negative control group (distilled water). The extracts were also phytochemically screened for alkaloids, tannins, saponins, flavonoids, terpenoids, quinones and anthraquinones.Results: Treatment with aqueous extracts at dose of 400 mg/kg showed a significant (p≤0.05) reaction of pyrexia in rodents. The results suggest that this Moroccan medicinal plants possesses potent antipyretic activity. Phytochemical screening of the plants showed the presence of flavonoids, terpenoids, saponins, tannins, alkaloids and quinons which may responsible for this activity. However, anthraquinones were absent in all plants and alkaloids from PA.Conclusions: This study might be the first formal report on antipyretic effects of these three plants in Morocco.

scholarly journals Determination of Impact of Acute and Chronic Administration of Aqueous Root Extract of E. Tremula (Burburwa) on some Haematological parameters in Wistar Albino Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 115-126
Author(s):  
H.M. Ahmed ◽  
A. Yakubu ◽  
S.R. Ismail ◽  
A.B. Ibrahim ◽  
A. Salahudden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Toxicity Study ◽  
Total Leukocyte Count ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Group I ◽  
Leukocyte Counts ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Aqueous Root Extract

Eragrostis tremula (Burburwa) is an herbal plant native to tropical Africa, India and Myanmar. It is found in sandy soils and abandoned cultivations. It is used locally for sweeping, used as fodder for cattle and extensively being used in traditional medicine practice without assessing its safety. This study investigated the impact on blood cells (WBCs) on chronic/acute use of aqueous root extract of Eragrostis tremula among males/females wistar rats. The preliminary phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, carbohydrate, phenols, saponins, tannins, anthraquinones, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids and diterpene. Lorke's method was used for oral acute toxicity study (LD50 determination). A total of 20 wistar rats were used, divided into four groups of five rats each. Group I was control and administered with distilled water, Group II, Group III and Group IV were respectively administered with 200 mg, 400 mg and 800 mg of the extract per kilogram body weight, for 21 days. The result of acute oral toxicity study was estimated to be greater than 5000 mg/kg. Total and differential (neutrophil, lymphocyte, and mixed cells) leukocyte counts were analysed. Eragrostis tremula aqueous root extract significantly (p<0.05) decreased lymphocyte and total leukocyte counts, but no significant changes (p>0.05) were observed in neutrophil and mixed cells count when the treated groups were compared with the control group. In conclusion, the findings of the present study have shown that, aqueous root extract of Eragrostis tremula has impact on lymphocyte and total leukocyte count in the wistar rats which is dependent on dose of the extract. The extract at high doses increases the lymphocyte and total leukocyte counts of the treated groups.

Evaluation of the possible hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic potentials of the Averrhoa carambola juice extract in female albino rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick E. Aba ◽  
Augustus U. Amadi
Keyword(s):  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Averrhoa Carambola ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Acute Study ◽  
Serum Biochemical ◽  
Dose Dependent

AbstractBackgroundAverrhoa carambola fruit is consumed by many people because of its sweetness and medicinal values. However, there is a dearth of researched information on its complete toxicity profile. This study investigated the possible toxicity potentials of star fruit juice in female albino rats.MethodsThirty-five rats assigned into seven groups of five rats each and administered with varying doses (0, 250, 500, 1000, 2000, 4000 and 5000 mg/kg) of the juice were used for acute toxicity studies. Another 20 rats assigned to four groups (A–D) of five rats each were administered the juice at 0, 600, 400 and 200 mg/kg body weight orally for 28 days. On the 29th day, whole blood, sera and vital organs were collected for hematological, serum biochemical and histopathological analyses, respectively.ResultsAcute study results indicate that the juice was safe even at 5000 mg/kg after 48 h. In the subacute studies, there were no significant (p < 0.05) differences in all hematological parameters, total protein, albumin and globulin values of the treated groups compared with those of the control group. The aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase activities, as well as urea, creatinine and malondialdehyde values of the rats treated with the juice were significantly (p < 0.05) higher than those of the control rats in a dose-dependent manner. The liver and kidney histomorphologies of the rats treated with the juice showed lesions of degeneration and necrosis when compared with those of the control.ConclusionThe juice of A. carambola is both nephrotoxic and hepatotoxic but had no deleterious effects on the hematology.

scholarly journals Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, Acute Oral Toxicity, and Qualitative Phytochemistry of The Aqueous Root Extract of Launaea cornuta (Hochst. Ex Oliv. & Hiern.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 2515690X2110645
Author(s):  
Evans Kapanat Akimat ◽  
George Isanda Omwenga ◽  
Gervason Apiri Moriasi ◽  
Mathew Piero Ngugi
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extract ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Acute Oral Toxicity ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

The root and leaf extracts of Launaea cornuta have been locally used in traditional medicine for decades to manage inflammatory conditions and other oxidative-stress-related syndromes; however, their pharmacologic efficacy has not been scientifically investigated and validated. Accordingly, we investigated the in vitro antioxidant activity, anti-inflammatory ( in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo) efficacy, acute oral toxicity, and qualitative phytochemical composition of the aqueous root extract of L. cornuta. The ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and the 2,2-diphenyl-2-pycrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging test methods were used to determine the studied plant extract’s antioxidant activity. Besides, the anti-inflammatory efficacy of the studied plant extract was investigated using in vitro (anti-proteinase and protein denaturation), ex vivo (membrane stabilization), and in vivo (carrageenan-induced paw oedema in Swiss albino mice) methods. The studied plant extract demonstrated significant in vitro antioxidant effects, which were evidenced by higher DPPH radical scavenging and FRAP activities, in a concentration-dependent manner ( p < 0.05). Generally, the studied plant extract exhibited significant in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo anti-inflammatory efficacy, respectively, and in a concentration/dose-dependent manner compared with respective controls ( p < 0.05). Moreover, the studied plant extract did not cause any observable signs of acute oral toxicity, even at the cut-off dose of 2000 mg/Kg BW (LD50 > 2000 mg/Kg BW), and was thus considered safe. Additionally, qualitative phytochemistry revealed the presence of various antioxidant- and anti-inflammatory-associated phytochemicals, which were deemed responsible for the reported pharmacologic efficacy. Further studies to characterise bioactive molecules and their mode(s) of pharmacologic efficacy are encouraged.

scholarly journals An experimental evaluation of the Lithotriptic Activity of Ayurvedic drug Kāśīśa Bhasma

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (05) ◽  
pp. 196-205
Author(s):  
Kusuma TV ◽  
Jeevesh KB ◽  
Chaitra LV
Keyword(s):  
Ferrous Sulphate ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
High Recurrence Rate ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Urine Ph ◽  
Standard Drug

Kāśīśa (Ferrous Sulphate, Fe2SO4.7H20), is among the most commonly used mineral drug in Ayurveda, and has been specifically indicated in Mutrashmari. Urolithiasis, (Mutrashmari in Ayurveda) is the third most common urinary system disorder globally with high recurrence rate. The present study is to determine the underlying mechanism of Kāśīśa Bhasma as lithotriptic drug in animal model. Ethylene glycol (0.75% v/v) induced urolithiasis model was used to study the lithotriptic activity of Kāśīśa Bhasma in Wistar albino rats. 30 rats were divided into five groups and were allocated interventions accordingly. Two trial drug groups were given single and double doses of Kāśīśa Bhasma (150mg/kg and 300mg/kg respectively), and were compared against the standard control group (Tab. Cystone 750mg/kg), administered for 14 days. Relevant biochemical assay and histopathological analysis was done and analysed. In vivo study revealed, Kāśīśa Bhasma administered at 300mg/kg b.w. was associated with better lithotriptic activity. The results showed significant reduction in calcium oxalate deposits in the kidneys, restoring the elevated values of serum Creatinine, BUN, uric acid and urine parameters like calcium, phosphate and oxalate while also maintaining optimal urine pH when compared to negative control. The lithotriptic activity of Kāśīśa Bhasma was found to be corresponding to that of standard drug Tab Cystone.

scholarly journals Nutrient, Bioactive Components and Effects of Ethanol Extracts of Annona muricata Leaves and Fagara zanthoxyloide Roots on Zidovudine-Induced Oxidative Stress in Wistar Rats

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
O. U. Ekere ◽  
C. C. Monago-Ighorodje ◽  
C. U. Ogunka-Nnoka
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Annona Muricata ◽  
Bioactive Components ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Ethanol Extracts ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats

The study was designed to determine the nutrient, bioactive components and the effects of ethanol extracts of the leaves of Annona muricata (AM) and the roots of Fagara zanthoxyloide (FZ) on zidovudine-induced oxidative stress in wistar albino rats. Wistar albino rats were divided into four groups of five rats each. Groups 2-4 were induced with 100 g/ml/Kg bw of zidovudine (ZDV) and varying concentrations of the extracts (group 3 and 4); while group 1 served as the control. The results of the proximate composition of both plants showed the following ranges: moisture (10.32-18.30%), ash (0.65-9.45%), crude protein (1.38-10.54%), crude fat (2.35-9.73%), crude fibre (3.00-15.53%) and carbohydrate (50.19-65.23%). Iron was the highest mineral present in all the samples followed by zinc and calcium for FZ and AM respectively; while folate and ascorbic acid were the highest vitamins present in both samples. Phytochemical composition results revealed higher concentrations of alkaloids, flavonoid and phenols in the leaves and roots of both samples. Acute toxicity study revealed no short term toxicity below 6 g/ml/Kg bw for the leave extract of Annona muricata and 4 g/ml/Kg bw for the root extract of Fagara zanthoxyloide. Administration of zidovudine to albino rats resulted in a significant increase (p≤0.05) in biomarkers of oxidative stress; while subsequent treatment with ethanol extracts of the leaves of AM and roots of FZ reduced the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione. The splenic histology revealed atrophy, early onset necrosis and reduction in sinusoidal pore size in the negative control group which were absent in the extract treatment groups indicating a protective effect conferred by extracts against oxidative stress. The study, therefore suggests that these plants may play some key roles in alleviating salient nutritional, physiological and oxidative stress related challenges.

scholarly journals Suppository Effect of Aqueous Root Extract of Moringa oleifera on Alcohol Induce Liver Toxicity in Wistar Rats

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Eteng O. E. ◽  
Grace Ekpo ◽  
Joe Enobong ◽  
Iwara Arikpo ◽  
Saviour Ufot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Normal Control ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Enzyme Markers ◽  
Aqueous Root Extract

Introduction:  Moringa oleifera root is the most underutilized part of the plant and it is rich in many phytochemicals. Aim of the Study: This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of Standardized and characterized aqueous root extract of Moringa oleifera following the administration of alcohol-induced liver damage in albino wistar rats. Materials and Methods: Thirty (30) experimental rats weighing 100-120 g were randomly divided into 6 groups of 5 rats each. Group 1, the normal control group was given just rat feed and water, group 2, negative control was administered alcohol only (1.5 ml/kg body weight), rats in group 3, 4 and 5 received combined administration of alcohol 1.5 ml/kg body weight and 200, 400 and 600 mg/kg body weight of characterized aqueous root extract of Moringa oleifera respectively, group 6 rats were administered 250mg/body weight of extract only. At the end of fourteen days (14) the experimental rats were then sacrificed and the serum liver enzymes were then assayed. Results: The results obtained from the laboratory was analyzed using one-way ANOVA and post-hoc test was done afterwards. Rats fed alcohol only produced significant increase in the levels of enzyme markers of tissue damage (AST, ALT and ALP) compared to normal control rats. Rats in group 3, 4 and 5 that were post treated with 200, 400 and 600 mg/kg body weight of extract and they had significant decrease (P<0.05) in the levels of these enzyme markers in a dose-dependent manner compared to the negative control. The extract control group had no significant increase (P<0.05) in the levels of the enzyme markers when compared to the normal control; however, there was a significant increase in the serum activity of ALP of the extract control group when compared with the normal control. Conclusion: The present study exhibited a potent hepatoprotective effect against liver injury caused by alcohol administration. This suppository effect could be related to the antioxidant’s properties of Moringa oleifera that is rich in flavonoids and phenolic constituents of the extracts may contribute to their enzyme action.

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