scholarly journals Characteristics of Individuals with Self-Harm: A Retrospective Descriptive Study from Karachi, Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ambreen Tharani ◽  
Salima Farooq ◽  
Maryam Ali ◽  
Uroosa Talib ◽  
Murad Moosa Khan
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Illness ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Over The Counter ◽  
Prevention Programmes ◽  
History Of ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
Global Public Health Problem

Abstract Background: Self-Harm (SH) is a major global public health problem which is under-researched in Pakistan. A prior act of self-harm is one of the strongest predictors of future suicide.Method: This retrospective descriptive study describes the characteristics of SH cases (n=350) that presented to a tertiary care teaching hospital in Karachi, Pakistan, from January 2013 to December 2017. Details related to demography, history, associated factors, access to methods used, and intent to die were collected on a structured proforma and analysed using STATA version 14. Results: It was found that self-harm acts were twice as more common in females than in males. More than half of the reported cases were in the age group 20-39 years. Drug overdose and use of insecticides were the two most common methods used in both genders. Depression was identified in nearly half of the reported SH cases. Intention to die was found to be 3 times greater among patients with psychiatric illness as compared to those with no history of psychiatric illness. Conclusion: This study suggests that limiting access to lethal means, regulating over-the-counter sale of medications, and safe storage of pesticides can possibly serve as effective measures to minimize self-harm incidences. Moreover, integration of suicide assessment and prevention programmes for the general population is also suggested.

scholarly journals A comparative study between ferrous carboxy maltose and iron sucrose in the management of post-partum anaemia in tertiary care hospital

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 4866
Author(s):  
Seeta Sunil Garag ◽  
Sanjana Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Post Partum ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Iron Sucrose ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Maternal Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Global Public Health Problem

Background: Anaemia is a global public health problem contributing tremendously to maternal morbidity and mortality. It is the most common indirect cause of maternal mortality. Variety of injectable iron preparations are now available which can be effective tools for combating post-partum anaemia. This study aims to compare FCM (Ferrous carboxy maltose) and iron sucrose in the treatment of iron deficiency anaemia in post-partum women at KIMS, Hubli, Karnataka, India.Methods: This study was conducted at KIMS, Hubli in the year 2018-19 wherein 100 post-partum women with hb levels ranging from 5-10g% were selected for the study and randomly allocated into 2 groups- FCM group and iron sucrose group. They were administered 1g of FCM and 1g of iron sucrose respectively after clinical evaluation and baseline measurement of hb. They were followed up after 2 weeks for repeat hb% and review of signs and symptoms. FCM and iron sucrose were compared in terms of their efficacy.Results: The mean increase in hb% was found to be 3.2 g% in the FCM group and 2 g% in the iron sucrose group. FCM was also found to be more efficacious in providing relief of common signs and symptoms like easy fatigability and pallor compared to iron sucrose.Conclusions: Ferrous carboxy maltose was found to be more efficacious compared to iron sucrose.

scholarly journals Epidemiological study of burn patients in a tertiary care hospital, Sidhipet district, Telangana

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Talla Sreenivas ◽  
Sudagani Sreenivas ◽  
Kotina Shridevi
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Microsoft Excel ◽  
Epidemiological Features ◽  
Ethical Clearance ◽  
Global Public Health Problem

Background: Burns is a global public health problem, accounting for an estimated 180000 deaths annually and over 1,000,000 cases in India. The exact epidemiological features of burns in each area vary and depends on geography, demography, culture, customs, occupations and several unknown factors. Hence in the present study effort was made to find out epidemiological features and causes associated with burns.Methods: It was a descriptive study, study period been 1 April 2018 to 31 March 2021 (3 years). The study area was a tertiary care hospital in Sidhipet district, Telangana. The sample size was 170 on calculation with the formula. Data was collected from the medical records and reports attached in the file of the patient in the hospital. Ethical issue: Written informed consent or assent and ethical clearance from institutional ethical committee was obtained. Data was analyzed, using microsoft excel version 2019.Results: Majority were from 21-30 years (35.32%), females (66%) and many were flame burns (74%). Major source of flame burns was cooking appliances (62%). Majority of burns have taken place at home (91.9%) and were accidental (86%). Case fatality rate calculated was 8.08%. 96% of wound swabs were positive for bacteria.Conclusions: Mortality due to burns was significantly associated with burns which were suicidal/homicidal in nature, with more burn surface area of >30% and 3rd and 4th degree burns.

scholarly journals Explainable Machine Learning Prediction for COVID-19 Mortality in the Colombian Population

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Ricardo Vásquez Morales ◽  
Sergio Mauricio Martínez Monterrubio ◽  
Juan Antonio Recio García ◽  
Pablo Moreno Ger
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Classification Model ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Demographic Information ◽  
The Neural Network ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
History Of ◽  
Seriously Ill ◽  
Global Public Health Problem

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic, which began in late 2019, has become a global public health problem, resulting in large numbers of infections and deaths. One of the greatest challenges in dealing with the disease is to identify those people who are most at risk of becoming infected, seriously ill and dying from the virus so that they can be isolated in a targeted manner to reduce mortality rates. This article proposes using machine learning, specifically neural networks, and random forests, to build two complementary models that identify the probability that a person has of dying because of COVID-19. The models are trained with the demographic information and medical history of two population groups: 43,000 people who died from COVID-19 in Colombia during 2020, and a random sample of 43,000 people who became ill with COVID-19 during the same period but later recovered. After training the neural network classification model, evaluation metrics were applied that yielded an 88% accuracy value. However, transparency is a major requirement for the explicability of the COVID-19 prognosis. Therefore, a complementary random forest model was trained that identified the most significant predictors of mortality by COVID-19.

scholarly journals Pattern, Management, and Outcome of Poisoning in a Tertiary Care Hospital

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-35
Author(s):  
Naresh Karki ◽  
Vijay Singh ◽  
Vinod Kumar Verma
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Gastric Lavage ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Intravenous Route ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Global Public Health Problem

Introduction: Poisoning is a significant global public health problem. The appropriate management of poisoning at emergency needs accurate assessment and immediate treatment. The immense chance for better outcomes occurs with early diagnosis and treatment. This study was conducted to assess pattern, management, and outcome of poisoning in tertiary care hospital. Methods: An observational cross-sectional study was conducted in which records of patients with a diagnosis of poisoning over a period of four years were reviewed. Results: A total of 138 patients were included in the study. A majority (63%) of them were females. Most (67.4%) were managed by general or supportive measure only. Gastric lavage was done in 60% of total patients while 52.9% patients received activated charcoal. Pralidoxime and atropine was received by 51.1% of patients treated with specific antidote. All the antidotes were administered through intravenous route. Regarding outcome, 89.9% were completely recovered. Suicidal poisoning was significantly higher in married as compared to unmarried patients (p = 0.029). Similarly, there was a significant relationship between occupation of the patients and manner of poisoning (p = 0.003). Outcome of treatment had a significant association with the manner of poisoning (p < 0.001). Further analysis revealed that the patients who expired in the hospital were more likely to ingest poison accidentally. Conclusion: Suicidal poisoning is common and females are more susceptible. Insecticide and rodenticide are the commonly ingested poisons. Treatment outcome of poisoning cases is generally favorable.

scholarly journals Explainable Machine Learning Prediction for Mortality of COVID-19 in the Colombian Population

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Ricardo Vásquez Morales ◽  
Sergio Mauricio Martínez Monterrubio ◽  
Juan Antonio Recio García ◽  
Pablo Moreno Ger
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Random Forest ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Classification Model ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
The Neural Network ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One ◽  
Global Public Health Problem

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic, which began in late 2019, has become a global public health problem, resulting in large numbers of people infected and dead. One of the greatest challenges in dealing with the disease is to identify those people who are most at risk of becoming infected, seriously ill and dying from the virus, so that they can be isolated in a targeted manner and thus reduce mortality rates. This article proposes the use of machine learning, and specifically of neural networks and random forest to build two complementary models that identify the probability that a person has of dying because of COVID-19. The models are trained with the demographic information and medical history of two population groups: on the one hand, 43,000 people who died from COVID-19 in Colombia during 2020, and on the other hand, a random sample of 43,000 people who became ill with COVID-19 during the same period of time, but later recovered. After training the neural network classification model, evaluation metrics were applied that yielded an 88% accuracy value. However, transparency is a major requirement for the explicability of COVID-19 prognosis. Therefore, a complementary random forest model is trained that allows the identification of the most significant predictors of mortality by COVID-19.

4H-1,3-Benzothiazin-4-one a Promising Class Against MDR/XDR-TB

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 567-578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcus Vinicius Nora de Souza ◽  
Thais Cristina Mendonça Nogueira
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Time ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Synthesis Mechanism ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Latent Disease ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Chemical Class ◽  
Global Public Health Problem

Nowadays, tuberculosis (TB) is an important global public health problem, being responsible for millions of TB-related deaths worldwide. Due to the increased number of cases and resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to all drugs used for the treatment of this disease, we desperately need new drugs and strategies that could reduce treatment time with fewer side effects, reduced cost and highly active drugs against resistant strains and latent disease. Considering that, 4H-1,3-benzothiazin-4-one is a promising class of antimycobacterial agents in special against TB-resistant strains being the aim of this review the discussion of different aspects of this chemical class such as synthesis, mechanism of action, medicinal chemistry and combination with other drugs.

Adherence to Primary Prevention and Skin Self-Examination Practices by Spanish Melanoma Patients

Dermatology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Irene Torrecilla-Martínez ◽  
Esperanza Manrique-Silva ◽  
Victor Traves ◽  
Celia Requena ◽  
Eduardo Nagore
Keyword(s):  
Primary Prevention ◽  
Cutaneous Melanoma ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
History Of ◽  
High Level ◽  
Self Examination

<b><i>Background:</i></b> The incidence of cutaneous melanoma, an important global public health problem, has been increasing over the last several decades. <b><i>Objectives:</i></b> In order to decrease melanoma-related mortality, ways to communicate and implement the correct methods for conducting primary and secondary prevention measures (such as early detection via self-examination) should be investigated. <b><i>Materials and Methods:</i></b> An observational, cross-sectional, retrospective study consisting of 409 patients diagnosed with cutaneous melanoma was conducted. An online questionnaire was created to evaluate knowledge levels, attitudes, and adherence to primary preventive measures and to skin self-examination practices. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The results revealed that even when 43% of the patients perform cutaneous self-examinations, only half of them fully followed the recommendations. Patients aged &#x3c;45 years, female, with a I–II phototype, with an intermediate/high level of education, and with a history of NMSC were more likely to have an adequate degree of knowledge. Moreover, patients aged &#x3c;45 years and with an adequate degree of knowledge more frequently showed an adequate adherence to the primary prevention measures. Finally, patients aged 45–60 years and with an adequate degree of knowledge presented a good adherence to the self-skin examination measures. <b><i>Limitations:</i></b> Possible limitations of this study were memory bias through the influence of age within the study population, and bias due to a greater proportion of subjects with a high education level. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Within the population of patients with melanoma, a high percentage of patients do not rigorously follow the recommended prevention measures. Our study highlights the need to implement awareness in this population to improve the prevention of cutaneous cancer.

A REVIEW ON GLOBAL TRENDS IN HEART FAILURE AND EVOLUTION OF ANGIOTENSIN–NEPRILYSIN INHIBITOR

2020 ◽  
pp. 32-37
Author(s):  
VEERENDRA UPPARA ◽  
SAISEKHAR KODIVANDLA ◽  
ASHIK ALI SHAIK
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Health Loss ◽  
Neprilysin Inhibitor ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Global Public Health Problem

Heart failure (HF) is a major global public health problem irrespective of its causes. It generates an enormous clinical, societal, and economic, health loss burden with an increase in its prevalence reaching an epidemic proportion. The morbidity and mortality associated with heart failure are increasing the health-related burdens worldwide, especially in low- and middle-income countries. This review highlights the trends in HF burden, the clinical spectrum of HF, and the importance of neurohormonal pathways and the evolution of angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibition in HF with updated clinical practice guidelines.

scholarly journals Medication Error in Anaesthesia – A Review

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-35
Author(s):  
Montosh Kumar Mondal ◽  
Beauty Rani Roy ◽  
Shibani Banik ◽  
Debabrata Banik
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Medication Error ◽  
Medication Errors ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Medical Profession ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Global Public Health Problem

Medication error is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in medical profession . There is an increasing recognition that medication errors are causing a substantial global public health problem, as many result in harm to patients and increased costs to health providers.Anaesthesia is now safe and routine, yet anaesthetists are not immune from making medication errors and the consequences of their mistakes may be more serious than those of doctors in other specialties. Steps are being taken to determine the extent of the problem of medication error in anaesthesia. In this review, incidence, types, risk factors and preventive measures of the medication errors are discussed in detail.Journal of Bangladesh Society of Anaesthesiologists 2014; 27(1): 31-35

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