scholarly journals Determinants that Associated with Traveling History of COVID-19 Patients in Ethiopia During Stay at Home State of Emergency

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kindu Kebede Gebre ◽  
Million Wesenu Demissie
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Age Group ◽  
State Of Emergency ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
History Of ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors

Abstract Background: The recent outbreak of Novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) Disease (COVID-19) has put the world on alert and impacting societies around the world in an unprecedented manner. The main aims of this study was to investigate the association among the socio-demographic factors with traveling history of COVID-19 Patients in Ethiopia during stay at home state of emergency. Methods: A total of 162 respondents with COVID-19 during March 13, 2020 to May 6, 2020 in Ethiopia were used. Two sided chi-square test was used to test the association between the socio demographic factors among COVID-19 Patients. A log-complement logistic regression model was used to compute the health ratios (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) to measure the effect of those factors. Results: The data was analyzed using 162 patients of severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus-2. An association was found between traveling history of COVID-19 infected patients and Gender (male vs female) [B =5.410, p<0.020] and Age group [a=13.082, p<0.004]. Log-complement logistic regression model showed that Gender and Age were significant factors associated to traveling history of COVID-19 Patients. Health ratio showed that increasing risk of traveling history for COVID-19 patients associated with higher number of males [ HR=0.5895, 95%CI: 0.4007-0.8672, P<0.0073] and Age group 18-39 years [HR=0.4139, 95%CI: 0.2385-0.7184, P<0.0017] on patients of COVID-19. Akaike information criteria with minimum value [AIC=1.2158] indicated that Log complement logistic regression model was fitted the data well for the similar dataset of patients’ with novel corona virus. Conclusions: Male Gender and Age group 18-39 years are significant socio-demographic factors associated to traveling history of patients with corona virus disease. Further socio-demographic investigations are required to better understand the extent of association with Gender and Age for effective intervention and fight this pandemic to preserve lives.

scholarly journals Gender and Age Differences in the Study Plan of University Students

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (01) ◽  
pp. 62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hilary I Okagbue ◽  
Sheila A Bishop ◽  
Anjoreoluwa E Boluwajoko ◽  
Adaeze M Ezenkwe ◽  
Glory N Anene ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Ogun State ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Study Plan

<p class="0abstract">Effective study plan is a predictor of good academic performance. However, there are few evidences available on the role of gender and age in the study plan for students. This paper investigated the role of gender and age in the adoption of study plan that can guarantee success. A questionnaire was designed and administered to undergraduate students of a world class privately funded university located in Ogun State, Nigeria. Simple random sampling was used and 294 students responded. Chi-square test of independence revealed that gender and age are not associated with frequency of study, study environment, study content preferences and study motivation. There is no Gender difference in the preference of study type, factors that drive, motivation for study and satisfaction with the study plan whereas, age is significantly associated. The logistic regression model was significant and correctly classified 66.3% of satisfaction with the study plan. Gender was not significant and age of students can predict their satisfaction with their study plan. Older students have more odds to be satisfied with their study plan. As students progressed from year one to the final year, they tend to adopt a study plan that can help them obtain high grades and graduate with good result. Artificial Neural Network correctly classified 71.4% of satisfaction using only age as the only factor because, only age contributed significantly to the logistic regression model. Timely academic advising or mentorship is advocated especially for freshers.</p>

scholarly journals Dietary Salt-Related Knowledge, Attitude, Behaviors, and Hypertension in a Rural Northern Thailand Population

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 870-870
Author(s):  
Celina Morales ◽  
Pimbucha Rusmevichientong
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Family History ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Salt Intake ◽  
Dietary Salt ◽  
Chiang Mai ◽  
Attitudes And Behaviors ◽  
History Of

Abstract Objectives The objectives of this study were to examine the dietary salt-related knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors associated with the prevalence of hypertension among adults residing in rural Northern Thailand. Methods A cross-sectional study utilizing convenience sampling was administered in San Pa Tong District, Chiang Mai, Thailand. The one-on-one interview was conducted to assess subject's knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors relating to their dietary salt intake. Various food frequencies for foods high in salt were also measured. Each subject's blood pressure was measured twice before and after the interview. A logistic regression model was used in the analysis to determine potential hypertension risk factors. Results A total of 403 adults participated in the study. A majority of participants were female (73.2%), and the average age was 62.5 years old. Half of participants reported a family history of hypertension and 32% of participants were hypertensive. The major results from the logistic regression model indicated positive attitudes towards decreasing salt intake lead to a lower chance of becoming hypertensive (OR = 0.934). However, a family history of high blood pressure (OR = 1.417), a higher knowledge score about foods high in salt (OR = 1.254), daily use of Monosodium Glutamate (MSG) in food preparation (OR = 1.959) and buying outside food to eat at home (OR = 5.692) lead to a higher chance of becoming hypertensive. Conclusions Our findings suggest higher knowledge does not decrease the chance of becoming hypertensive. However, there is a positive association between hypertension and dietary salt-related behaviors among adults living in rural Thai communities. More specifically, salt-reduction interventions should focus on promoting home-cooked meal preparation with lower salt substitutes to MSG. Funding Sources NIMHD Minority Health and Health Disparities Research Training Program (MHRT), California State University, Fullerton (Department of Public Health) and Chiang Mai University (Department of Community Medicine).

scholarly journals Association between Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Suicide Attempts in Patients with Bipolar Disorder

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jafar Fili ◽  
Marzieh Nojomi ◽  
Katayoon Razjouyan ◽  
Mojgan Kahdemi ◽  
Rozita Davari- Ashtiani
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
P Value ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
History Of

Objective: The present study aimed to examine the association between ADHD and suicide attempts among adolescents with bipolar disorder. Method: Participants were 168 adolescents who fulfilled DSM-IV-TR criteria for bipolar disorder. They were divided into 2 groups: The first group of patients with bipolar disorder with a history of suicide attempts (n = 84) and the second group without a history of suicide attempts (n = 84). ADHD and other variables were analyzed using a chi-squared test and logistic regression model. Results: No significant difference was observed between the 2 groups in comorbidity of ADHD and other psychiatric disorders (P value > 0/05). In the logistic regression model, and after controlling for other factors, gender (OR = 3.9, CI 95%: 1.5-9.6) and history of sexual abuse (OR = 3.4; CI 95%: 1.06-11.3) were the only 2 factors associated with a history of suicide attempts. Conclusion: No significant association was found between ADHD and suicide attempts in adolescents with bipolar disorder.

scholarly journals The greater use of flavoured snus among ever-smokers versus never-smokers in Norway

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tord Finne Vedoy ◽  
Karl Erik Lund
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Confidence Intervals ◽  
Real World ◽  
Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Prior History ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
History Of ◽  
Never Smokers

Abstract Background Similar to the debate around e-cigarettes, an increase in snus use among Norwegian adolescents has prompted debate on whether flavour options in snus should be limited. To this end, we compared use of flavoured snus among snus users with different smoking status. Methods Questions about flavoured snus use were included in an online omnibus study conducted from 2015 to 2019 (N = 65,445) that included 16,295 ever snus users (aged 15+). Current snus users (N = 9783) were asked “Do you usually use snus that has a flavouring (liquorice, mint, wintergreen, etc.)? Adjusted predicted probabilities and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated from a logistic regression model. Results Less than 25% of the snus users reported never having smoked. The overall probability of using flavoured snus was .45 (95% CI .44–.46), highest among daily (.51, 95% CI .47–.54) and former daily smokers (.50, 95% CI .48–.52), and lowest among never (.41, 95% CI .39–.43) and occasional smokers without any prior history of daily smoking (.41, 95% CI .38–.44). Use of flavoured products was higher among female snus users (p = .67, 95% CI .65–.69) compared to males (p = .35, 95% CI .34–.36), highest among the youngest age group, 15–24 years (p = .58, 95% CI .56–.60) and decreased with increasing age. Conclusion Regulation that would ban or limit flavoured snus use may affect smokers—an at risk population—more than never smokers. The health authorities should be mindful of the real-world complexity governing potential harms and benefits of flavour restrictions on snus. A further assessment of flavour limitations should acknowledge that flavoured snus products also function as alternatives to cigarettes.

scholarly journals Prolylcarboxypeptidase Is a Risk Factor for Cardiovascular Events

Blood ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 124 (21) ◽  
pp. 1531-1531
Author(s):  
Alvin H. Schmaier ◽  
Alona Merkulova ◽  
Haley Gittleman ◽  
Omar Alhalabi ◽  
Evi Stavrou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Allele Frequency ◽  
Coronary Disease ◽  
Ace Inhibitors ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
History Of

Abstract BACKGROUND: Prolylcarboxypeptidase (PRCP) is a membrane-associated serine protease that regulates biologic peptides bradykinin, angiotensin II, α-melanocyte stimulating hormone, and activates prekallikein. PRCP and its variants have been associated with metabolic syndrome in males, hypertension in preeclampsia, resistance to ACE inhibitors, and embryonic angiogenesis. Recent studies on PRCPgt/gt mice that have 25% normal PRCP levels show that these animals are hypertensive, have higher risk for arterial thrombosis, increased vascular inflammation, and reduced angiogenic repair after ischemia and injury (Blood 117:3929, 2011; Blood 122:1522, 2013). The hypothesis of this investigation is that polymorphisms in PRCP are associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD). METHODS: DNA from 2,243 subjects from the PEACE Trial (NEJM 351:2058, 2004) were genotyped at 2 PRCP SNPs (rs7104980, rs2298668) and 3 KLKB1 (prekallikrein) SNPs (rs4253252, rs3733402, rs3087505). These subjects were 82% female and had a history of (in decreasing frequency) angina (71%), angiographic coronary disease (66%), heart attack (58%), PTCA (44%), hypertension (42%), CABG (36%), diabetes (15%), stroke (4%), and TIA (3%). The association between single SNP alleles and different cardiovascular related phenotypes was assessed using logistic regression models. These models were adjusted for age, weight, gender, history of hypertension, and history of diabetes. RESULTS: When the logistic regression model was adjusted for age, weight, and gender, SNP rs710980 in PRCP had a 21% increased odds [odds ratio=1.211; 95% CI=(1.008, 1.454)] of having a history of PTCA if carrying the G allele (frequency of 66%) as compared to not having the G allele (frequency 34%). Additionally, adjusting the logistic regression model for history of hypertension and diabetes did not alter the odds ratio for PTCA history. However when the logistic regression model included history of hypertension and diabetes, the odds of having a history of a MI if carrying the same allele also is increased by 21% [odds ratio=1.21; 95% CI=(1.001, 1.455)]. In summary, the rs710980 intronic PRCP SNP conferred risk for CVD, while the PRCP exonic SNP rs2298668 showed no relationship in this population. Alternatively, the exonic KLKB1 SNP rs3733402 of Apple Domain 2 where high molecular weight kininogen binds conferred reduced odds of 24% [odds ratio=0.76; 95% CI=(0.622, 0.928)] of having a history of angiographic coronary disease if carrying the G allele (frequency 67%) as compared to not having the G allele (frequency of 33%). The other two KLKB1 SNPs showed no associations. DISCUSSION: These combined data on PRCP suggest that it is a risk factor for CVD. The present genetic data are consistent with biochemical, cell culture, and in vivo investigations showing that PRCP levels influence vascular biology, renal function, and metabolism. The extent of the genetic associations of PRCP polymorphisms with CVD may be resultant of the database interrogated. The PEACE trial consisted of individuals not severely ill with CVD. Its hypothesis to show that administration of ACE inhibitors leads to increased protection from mild CVD was not met. However, the present investigation showing several positive odds ratios with a certain PRCP SNP for CVD suggests that PRCP is a stronger risk factor for CVD than can be demonstrated in the PEACE subject population. PRCP should be interrogated in additional populations of subjects with CVD. Funding Support: NIH HL052779-17, HL112666-2 Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

scholarly journals Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio: A potential new peripheral biomarker of suicidal behavior

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ángela Velasco ◽  
Julia Rodríguez-Revuelta ◽  
Emilie Olié ◽  
Iciar Abad ◽  
Abel Fernández-Peláez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Neutrophil To Lymphocyte Ratio ◽  
Depression Severity ◽  
Lymphocyte Ratio ◽  
History Of

Abstract Background. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) have emerged as important peripheral inflammatory biomarkers. Recent data suggest a possible role of the immune system in the pathophysiology of suicidal behavior (SB). The aim of this study is to evaluate the association among NLR, MLR, and PLR and SB in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD), and to test its validity as a biomarker for suicidality. Methods. We evaluated 538 patients with MDD (mean age [standard deviation] = 43.87 [14.36] years; females: 68.8%). A logistic regression model was estimated to determine the independent factors associated with suicide risk in patients with and without a history of suicide attempt (SA). Results. Three hundred ninety-three patients (74.7%) had a personal history of SA. Patients with a previous SA were more frequently female (71.9% vs. 59.6%; p = 0.007), significantly younger (41.20 vs. 51.77 years; p < 0.001), had lower depression severity at enrolment (15.58 vs. 18.42; p < 0.000), and significantly higher mean NLR and PLR ratios (2.27 vs. 1.68, p = 0.001; 127.90 vs. 109.97, p = 0.007, respectively). In the final logistic regression model, after controlling for age, sex, and depression severity, NLR was significantly associated with SB (β = 0.489, p = 0.000; odds ratio [95% confidence intervals] = 1.631 [1.266–2.102]). We propose a cut-off value of NLR = 1.30 (sensitivity = 75% and specificity = 35%). Conclusions. Our data suggest that NLR may be a valuable, reproducible, easily accessible, and cost-effective strategy to determine suicide risk in MDD.

scholarly journals DISTRIBUTION OF DELIBERATE SELF-POISONING BY SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS, PRECIPITATING EVENTS, TYPE OF SUBSTANCE AND MORTALITY IN POPULATION OF HAZARA DIVISION, PAKISTAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 68-74
Author(s):  
Adnan Khan ◽  
Abdul Rauf ◽  
Saqib Malik ◽  
Imran Ullah ◽  
Abdul Majid Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Previous History ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Common Type ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Joint Family ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic ◽  
History Of ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors

Background: Deliberate self-poisoning is important cause of deaths in younger population. The objectives of this study were to determine the distribution of deliberate self-poisoning by 12 socio-demographic factors, precipitating events, type of substance and mortality in population of Hazara Division, Pakistan. Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Medicine, Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad, Pakistan from October 9, 2017 to December 28, 2018. 102 deliberate self-poisoning patients were selected consecutively from population at risk. Variables were 12 socio-demographic factors, precipitating events, type of substance and mortality. All variables being categorical were described by count and percentage for sample and by confidence intervals for proportion for population at 95% confidence level. RESULTS: Deliberate self-poisoning cases (n=102) were higher in women 80.39%, in age group 18-25 years 54.90%, similar in urban 49.02% and rural 50.98%, higher in non-Pathan 74.51%, in married 57.84%, in joint family 79.41%, in up to matric education 85.29% and in housewives 52.94%, 4.90% with previous history of self-harm, 1.96% with family history of self-harm and higher in lower socioeconomic group 81.37%. The most common precipitating event was interpersonal difficulties with spouse, family members or friends 56.86%, while the most common type of substance was organophosphate 62.75%. Mortality was 3.92%. Conclusion: Deliberate self-poisoning was more prevalent in women, younger age group, married, joint family, educated up to matric, housewives and lower socioeconomic status. Family conflict was most common precipitating factor. Organophosphate was most common type of substance and mortality was high 3.92%.

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