scholarly journals An intelligent environment for manufacturing creative-aesthetic products

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Bertacchini ◽  
Pietro S. Pantano ◽  
Eleonora Bilotta
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Entropy Measure ◽  
Functional Requirements ◽  
Production Environment ◽  
Intelligent Environment ◽  
Mathematical Methods ◽  
Software Application ◽  
Smart Products ◽  
Creative Space

Abstract Providing a product with characteristics of beauty and creative innovation is one of the aims of any contemporary industry to meet the needs of customers and satisfy their aesthetic and functional requirements. To study the production process and the realisation of creative products with aesthetically pleasing attributes, we created a smart production environment that allows the construction of simple textured polygons (triangles, squares, rhombuses and pentagons) through a software application. Birkhoff aesthetical measure, Euclidean Distance and Entropy Measure have been developed and applied to a sample of smart products, manufactured in the implemented environment, to analyse their aesthetical, creative and the order-complexity-chaos features respectively. The results provided us with measurable quantities of the sought qualities for the sample and for each distinct product, combining the metrics to visualise the creative space in two and threedimensional spaces. Further mathematical methods, such as Point Process and Density Probability Map applied on the same sample, allowed us to move from a statistical space to probabilistic landscapes, with enhanced forecasting capability on creative features for all future products. Industrial applications are expected in the production and evaluation of products from a creative point of view.

Enzyme Promiscuous Activity: How to Define it and its Evolutionary Aspects

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 400-410
Author(s):  
Valentina De Luca ◽  
Luigi Mandrich
Keyword(s):  
Gene Evolution ◽  
Sequence Divergence ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Enzyme Promiscuity ◽  
Primary Activity ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Main Activity

: Enzymes are among the most studied biological molecules because better understanding enzymes structure and activity will shed more light on their biological processes and regulation; from a biotechnological point of view there are many examples of enzymes used with the aim to obtain new products and/or to make industrial processes less invasive towards the environment. Enzymes are known for their high specificity in the recognition of a substrate but considering the particular features of an increasing number of enzymes this is not completely true, in fact, many enzymes are active on different substrates: this ability is called enzyme promiscuity. Usually, promiscuous activities have significantly lower kinetic parameters than to that of primary activity, but they have a crucial role in gene evolution. It is accepted that gene duplication followed by sequence divergence is considered a key evolutionary mechanism to generate new enzyme functions. In this way, promiscuous activities are the starting point to increase a secondary activity in the main activity and then get a new enzyme. The primary activity can be lost or reduced to a promiscuous activity. In this review we describe the differences between substrate and enzyme promiscuity, and its rule in gene evolution. From a practical point of view the knowledge of promiscuity can facilitate the in vitro progress of proteins engineering, both for biomedical and industrial applications. In particular, we report cases regarding esterases, phosphotriesterases and cytochrome P450.

scholarly journals The Metano Modeling Toolbox MMTB: An Intuitive, Web-Based Toolbox Introduced by Two Use Cases

Metabolites ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 113
Author(s):  
Julia Koblitz ◽  
Sabine Will ◽  
S. Riemer ◽  
Thomas Ulas ◽  
Meina Neumann-Schaal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Networks ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Use Cases ◽  
Mathematical Methods ◽  
State Behavior ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Research Fields ◽  
Balance Analysis ◽  
Metabolic Models ◽  
User Friendly

Genome-scale metabolic models are of high interest in a number of different research fields. Flux balance analysis (FBA) and other mathematical methods allow the prediction of the steady-state behavior of metabolic networks under different environmental conditions. However, many existing applications for flux optimizations do not provide a metabolite-centric view on fluxes. Metano is a standalone, open-source toolbox for the analysis and refinement of metabolic models. While flux distributions in metabolic networks are predominantly analyzed from a reaction-centric point of view, the Metano methods of split-ratio analysis and metabolite flux minimization also allow a metabolite-centric view on flux distributions. In addition, we present MMTB (Metano Modeling Toolbox), a web-based toolbox for metabolic modeling including a user-friendly interface to Metano methods. MMTB assists during bottom-up construction of metabolic models by integrating reaction and enzymatic annotation data from different databases. Furthermore, MMTB is especially designed for non-experienced users by providing an intuitive interface to the most commonly used modeling methods and offering novel visualizations. Additionally, MMTB allows users to upload their models, which can in turn be explored and analyzed by the community. We introduce MMTB by two use cases, involving a published model of Corynebacterium glutamicum and a newly created model of Phaeobacter inhibens.

scholarly journals Suboptimal Disturbance Observer Design Using All Stabilizing Q Filter for Precise Tracking Control

Mathematics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wonhee Kim ◽  
Sangmin Suh
Keyword(s):  
Design Method ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Observer Design ◽  
Linear Matrix ◽  
External Disturbances ◽  
Closed Loop Systems ◽  
Control Target ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Unified Index

For several decades, disturbance observers (DOs) have been widely utilized to enhance tracking performance by reducing external disturbances in different industrial applications. However, although a DO is a verified control structure, a conventional DO does not guarantee stability. This paper proposes a stability-guaranteed design method, while maintaining the DO structure. The proposed design method uses a linear matrix inequality (LMI)-based H∞ control because the LMI-based control guarantees the stability of closed loop systems. However, applying the DO design to the LMI framework is not trivial because there are two control targets, whereas the standard LMI stabilizes a single control target. In this study, the problem is first resolved by building a single fictitious model because the two models are serial and can be considered as a single model from the Q-filter point of view. Using the proposed design framework, all-stabilizing Q filters are calculated. In addition, for the stability and robustness of the DO, two metrics are proposed to quantify the stability and robustness and combined into a single unified index to satisfy both metrics. Based on an application example, it is verified that the proposed method is effective, with a performance improvement of 10.8%.

Educational Model for the Kinematic Study of Non-Circular Gears

2013 ◽  
Vol 332 ◽  
pp. 297-304
Author(s):  
Liviu Ciupitu
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Methods ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Spur Gears ◽  
Test Rig ◽  
Educational Model ◽  
Educational Test ◽  
Kinematic Study ◽  
Variation Curve ◽  
Noncircular Gears

The noncircular gears are used more and more in industrial applications. The paper presents an educational test rig for the kinematic study of non-circular gears. Two gears are studied from kinematic theoretically point of view: a gear with identically oval spur gears and another gear with identically elliptical spur gears, and simulation diagrams are presented. As for the testing rig, a gear with identically oval spur gears has been used. The researchers are able to draw with high precision the variation curve of output angle with respect to input angle. By using numerical methods for integration and differentiation other diagrams could be drawn and a comparation with simulation diagrams could be made.

Functional Requirements for Effective Decision Making in Humanrobot Teams: Lessons Learned from Operational Settings

2005 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 452-456
Author(s):  
James Tittle ◽  
William Elm ◽  
Scott Potter
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Information Seeking ◽  
Reference Frames ◽  
Broad Class ◽  
Design Guidelines ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Functional Requirements ◽  
Urban Search And Rescue ◽  
Robot Teams

Many environments require humans and robots operating together to accomplish complex and dangerous tasks, but technology-centered designs often support robot navigation but not the mission goals of the organization using the robot. Urban Search and Rescue (USAR) is a particularly valuable domain to identify general functional requirements for effective HRI, and our purpose in this paper is to demonstrate how a CSE approach can lead to valuable design guidelines that more effectively support decision making within Human-Robot teams. Our analysis of HRI in USAR lead us to identify several important guidelines for supporting effective coordination for Human-Robot teams: including (i) enable individual problem holders to have direct control over point-of-view to facilitate active information seeking, and (ii) create common reference frames on shared imagery so different problem holders can remotely coordinate information and actions. Designs based on these guidelines will support a broad class of coordinated activities between team members.

Using Distributed Cloud Computing to Solve Resource-Intensive Tasks

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 233-254
Author(s):  
D. Yu. Bulgakov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Free Software ◽  
Production Environment ◽  
Learning Models ◽  
Python Programming Language ◽  
Task Processing ◽  
Python Programming ◽  
Distributed Cloud ◽  
Machine Learning Models

A method for solving resource-intensive tasks that actively use the CPU, when the computing resources of one server become insufficient, is proposed. The need to solve this class of problems arises when using various machine learning models in a production environment, as well as in scientific research. Cloud computing allows you to organize distributed task processing on virtual servers that are easy to create, maintain, and replicate. An approach based on the use of free software implemented in the Python programming language is justified and proposed. The resulting solution is considered from the point of view of the theory of queuing. The effect of the proposed approach in solving problems of face recognition and analysis of biomedical signals is described.

PORTFOLIO MANAGEMENT OF ENERGY SAVING PROJECTS BASED ON THE MARKOVITS THEORY

2021 ◽  
pp. 79-91
Author(s):  
S. Kiyko ◽  
L. Deineha ◽  
M. Basanets ◽  
D. Kamienskyi ◽  
A. Didenko
Keyword(s):  
Energy Saving ◽  
Portfolio Optimization ◽  
Portfolio Management ◽  
Quadratic Function ◽  
Subject Area ◽  
Linear Constraints ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Investment Portfolio ◽  
Financial Investment ◽  
Software Application

The goal of the work was to identify research and compare methods of portfolio management of energy saving projects and to develop software for optimizing portfolio investments using several methods. The key elements and strategies of creating an effective investment portfolio are considered: diversification, rebalancing, active portfolio management, passive portfolio management. Given the basic principles of investment theory, the task of portfolio investment is to form an investment portfolio with known shares of certain assets to maximize returns and minimize risk. To solve this problem, the method of Harry Markowitz, known as modern portfolio theory, was chosen. This is the theory of financial investment, in which statistical methods are used to make the most profitable risk distribution of the securities portfolio and income valuation, its components are asset valuation, investment decisions, portfolio optimization, evaluation of results. From a mathematical point of view, the problem of forming an optimal portfolio is the problem of optimizing a quadratic function (finding the minimum) with linear constraints on the arguments of the function. Methods of optimization of portfolios of energy saving projects taking into account the specifics of the subject area are analyzed. According to the results of the analysis, the methods of finding the maximum Sharpe’s ratio and the minimum volatility from randomly generated portfolios were chosen. A software application has been developed that allows you to download data, generate random portfolios and optimize them with selected methods. A graphical display of portfolio optimization results has also been implemented. The program was tested on data on shares of energy saving companies. The graphs built by the program allow the operator to better assess the created portfolio of the energy saving project.

Characterisation of supersonic gas jets for different nozzle geometries for laser-plasma acceleration experiments at SPARC_LAB

2022 ◽  
Vol 17 (01) ◽  
pp. C01049
Author(s):  
G. Costa ◽  
M.P. Anania ◽  
A. Biagioni ◽  
F.G. Bisesto ◽  
M. Del Franco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Power ◽  
Plasma Channel ◽  
Laser Pulses ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Theoretical Point ◽  
High Power Laser ◽  
Power Laser ◽  
Neutral Gas ◽  
Nozzle Geometries

Abstract Plasma-based technology promises a tremendous reduction in size of accelerators used for research, medical, and industrial applications, making it possible to develop tabletop machines accessible for a broader scientific community. The use of high-power laser pulses on gaseous targets is a promising method for the generation of accelerated electron beams at energies on the GeV scale, in extremely small sizes, typically millimetres. The gaseous target in question can be a collimated supersonic gasjet from a nozzle. In this work, a technique for optimising the so generated plasma channel is presented. In detail, a study on the influence of the nozzle throat shape in relation to the uniformity and density of the generated plasma profile is reported. These considerations are discussed first of all from a theoretical point of view, by means of a stationary one-dimensional mathematical model of the neutral gas, thus exploiting the possibility of comparing the properties of the output flow for different nozzle geometries. This is combined with an experimental approach using interferometric longitudinal density measurements of the plasma channel. The latter is generated by a high-power laser pulse focused on a helium gasjet, in the SPARC_LAB laboratories.

scholarly journals Bioaccessibility of Marine Carotenoids

Marine Drugs ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. 397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel Viera ◽  
Antonio Pérez-Gálvez ◽  
María Roca
Keyword(s):  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Industrial Production ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Market Area ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Determination Methods ◽  
Nutraceutical Properties

The benefit of carotenoids to human health is undeniable and consequently, their use for this purpose is growing rapidly. Additionally, the nutraceutical properties of carotenoids have attracted attention of the food industry, especially in a new market area, the ‘cosmeceuticals.’ Marine organisms (microalgae, seaweeds, animals, etc.) are a rich source of carotenoids, with optimal properties for industrial production and biotechnological manipulation. Consequently, several papers have reviewed the analysis, characterization, extraction and determination methods, biological functions and industrial applications. But, now, the bioaccessibility and bioactivity of marine carotenoids has not been focused of any review, although important achievements have been published. The specific and diverse characteristic of the marine matrix determines the bioavailability of carotenoids, some of them unique in the nature. Considering the importance of the bioavailability not just from the health and nutritional point of view but also to the food and pharmaceutical industry, we consider that the present review responds to an actual demand.

scholarly journals The Position of Heterodox Economics in Economic Science

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-290
Author(s):  
Eleonóra Matoušková
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Austrian School ◽  
Economic Science ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
Mathematical Methods ◽  
Heterodox Economics ◽  
Homo Economicus ◽  
Common Features ◽  
Economic Problems ◽  
Theoretical Approaches

In economic science dominate orthodox economics (mainstream economics respectively neoclassical economics). Despite its numerous intellectual failures, orthodox economics continue to prevail in teaching at universities. A certain alternative to orthodox economics is heterodox economics, which consists of three groups of theoretical approaches, represented by the Left-wing heterodoxy and Neo-Austrian school (we include them together in the Old heterodoxy) and the New heterodoxy. The objective of this article is to define the differences between orthodox economics and heterodox economics, to find common features of individual heterodox approaches and identify substantial differences between them and also highlight the relevance of these heterodox approaches from the point of view of the challenges we are facing today. A common characteristic of heterodoxy is the rejection of orthodoxy, especially its research methods. Heterodox economists reject the axiom that individuals are always rational, the concept of ‘homo economicus’, the application of a formal-deductive approach, the use of mathematical methods in cases that are not appropriate for this, and access from a closed system position. Heterodoxy is a very diverse theoretical tradition, and there are differences not only between the Left-wing heterodoxy, Neo-Austrian school and New heterodoxy, but also within these heterodox groups. They differ on specific topics they deal with and proposed solutions to socio-economic problems.

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