scholarly journals Pilot Scale Wastewater Treatment Unit Using Fresnel Lens Solar Concentrator

Author(s):  
Vinay Kommagoni ◽  
Sai Mahesh Devarakonda ◽  
Jemima Bai Bhukya ◽  
Manoj Kumar Vistarakula ◽  
Shilpa Mishra

Abstract Many municipalities across the world confront a major problem with waste water treatment. However, Tier-1 and Tier-2 cities have good infrastructure to treat the wastewater, but most of the villages are still facing the problem, because of less resources, the untreated waste water is left to flow on the ground, while travelling it merges with the fresh water bodies, and results in surface and ground water pollution in nearby villages. The devlopment of a pilot size waste water treatment system that efficiently produces water by evaporation and condensation in conjunction with a Fresnel lens solar concentrator is discussed and analysed in this experimental investigation.. Solar radiation setup for waste water treatment consists of Fresnel lens which help in achieving the temperature up to 400oC and then wastewater is being converted into vapour form due to this solar radiation. The evaporated vapour condenses on the surface of the glass and collects in a collecting tank. When compared to a typical wastewater treatment plant, this environmental friendly and sustainable procedure removes organic and bacteriological contaminants from wastewater and, moreover, this chemical-free treatment converts wastewater into reusable form of water with less sludge. The main advantage of this treatment method is, simple to construct and no skilled manpower is required to operate it. Since solar radiation is used as a power source to achieve high temperature therefore, no external power source is required to operate this unit. Results indicate that strength of waste water is reduced by 87%, TDS reduced by 82% as compared to sewage water and Ca, Mg, N, P, Chlorides and Sulphates are reduced by 87%, 91%, 66%, 42%, 92% and 80% respectively. However, the main challenge of this method is low output, but can be improved by various techniques mentioned in the study.

2004 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Cornel ◽  
B. Weber

Irrigation periods are usually limited to vegetation periods. The quality requirements for treated wastewater for disposal and for reuse are different. The reuse of water for irrigation allows partly the reuse of the wastewater's nutrients (N and P). Outside the irrigation period the water must be treated for disposal, thus nutrient removal is often required in order to avoid detrimental effects on the receiving surface water body. Only wastewater treatment plants with different operation modes for different seasons can realise these requirements. The nitrification is the most sensitive biological process in the aerobic wastewater treatment process. At low water temperatures the nitrifying bacteria need several weeks to re-start full nitrification after periods without NH4-removal. Therefore it is necessary to develop options for waste water treatment plants which allow a fast re-start of the nitrification process. Based on theoretical considerations and computer simulations of the activated sludge treatment process, one possibility for implementing a wastewater treatment plant with different seasonal operation modes is evaluated.


2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-32
Author(s):  
Valeriia Lytvynenko ◽  
◽  
Alina Dychko ◽  

Wastewater contaminated with hexamethylenediamine (HMD), which is discharged into natural reservoirs, causes damage and loss of hydrobionts, worsens the quality of water which becomes unsuitable for use. For wastewater treatment from HMD, the possibility of applying bacterial cultures-destructors which use the HMD as a nutrition source is considered.


Author(s):  
Nancey Hafez

Enzymes are biocatalysts provided by cells and are used in most metabolic methods. Most enzymes are consisting of proteins containing tertiary amino acid which bind to co enzyme or metal ions. Enzymes are accelerating biochemical processes by some mechanisms to chemical catalysts e.g metals, metal oxides and metal ions. Enzymes can be very effective under conditions e.g (temperature, atmospheric pressure and PH). Many enzymes have hydrolyzing, oxidizing and reducing characters. Enzymatic reactions always provide less side effects reactions and fewer waste by products. That is why microbial Enzymes can give an effective and environmental safe alternatives as metabolic inorganic chemical catalysts which can be used in all over pharmaceutical industrial processes. Enzymes are used in waste water treatment. Treatment technologies depend on physico-chemical approaches in wastewater treatment plants which require skills, high operation costs (in terms of high energy and chemical demand). Wastewater treatment is operated to protect the quality of limited freshwater resources, which are most times the final discharge points of effluents, and also, to promote the reusability of expended clean water; amounts of hazardous aromatic byproducts are still generated [3, 4]. The observation shows that wastewater treatment plants, though liable to remove microcontaminants such as heavy metals, and to a far lesser extent, aromatic contaminants, were originally structured for the removal of solid wastes, ecofriendly organic matter and eutrophication stimulants from wastewater, thereby reducing eutrophicating pollution loads; the micropollutants may only be moderately affected by the chemical, physical and biological interactions within the treatment plants.


2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Taty Hernaningsih

The population is growing rapidly result to increased demand for drinking water while the other side of this situation causes to the increasing amount of wastewater. Waste water treatment plant has been built in several major cities in Indonesia to overcome the problem of pollution.  Wastewater treatment plant only treats wastewater to tackle environmental pollution without being able to overcome the shortage of clean water community. Therefore, to solve the existing problems will be considered any further processing with recycled waste water treatment. One technology that may be developed for this purpose is the system of Membrane Bioreactor (MBR). This has been widely applied as an advanced unit of wastewater treatment and serves as a unit of processing recycled waste water. The MBR system has advantages such as: it only takes a little bit of land, can treat wastewater with discharge varying quality and process wastewater with high pollutant removal efficiency. MBR were investigated using a membrane filter submerged in the reactor. Membrane module is hollow fiber with a form of polymeric membrane materials. Research has been done on wastewater treatment with a combination of conventional WWTP as preliminary and advanced processing unit with MBR since March 4, 2014 until June 2014. The effluent quality  of result research proved that  the treated water quality meets  water quality standards are set with  Permenkes RI N0.416/Menkes/Per/IX/1990, dated 3 September 1990. The nitrification and denitrification also proceed well so that the concentration of nitrite and nitrate meet the quality standards. In addition, the percentage removal of heavy metals (arsenic, cadmium, chromium, selenium, lead) can reach 99%. Keywords: MBR, wastewater reuse, BOD5, COD, HRT dan SRT


2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (10) ◽  
pp. 4-7
Author(s):  
B.S. Ksenofontov ◽  
A.S. Kozodayev ◽  
R.A. Taranov ◽  
M.S. Vinogradov

The work deals with the use of flotation combines for the treatment of waste water from heavy metals. The analysis of various methods of treatment of waste water from heavy metals was carried out, which revealed the most promising technical solutions with their possible implementation for modernization of existing treatment facilities of the enterprise. Experimental studies of several versions of technological schemes were carried out on the basis of which a technological scheme of waste water treatment was selected, including all positions of equipment existing at local treatment facilities, and supplemented with a reagent treatment unit, treatment in a flotation complex using reagents, application of filters and pH correction.


2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 1189-1197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jani Tuoriniemi ◽  
Monika D. Jürgens ◽  
Martin Hassellöv ◽  
Geert Cornelis

The quantities of engineered nanoparticles (NP) released to the environment are often influenced by their fate in waste water treatment plants (WWTP).


Author(s):  
Mădălina Stănescu ◽  
Constantin Buta ◽  
Geanina Mihai

Abstract Romania, has declared, by the Governmental Decision nr.352/2005, all its territory as a sensitive area. This implies that, for all urban agglomerations larger than 10.000 population equivalent waste water treatment plants (WWTP) with nutrient removal must be built or upgraded. This paper presents the results regarding the possible environmental impacts expected from the project for construction of waste water treatment plant in the City of Vaslui, with main focus on surface water. This research study includes assessment methodology, project description regarding the rehabilitation and extension of the Vaslui waste water treatment plant, data related to water resources, impact assessment on water and appropriate mitigation measures. The assessment of the impacts has been performed for the construction and operational phase of the wastewater treatment plant. The construction phase was subdivided into several phases, while in the operational phase the impacts are analyzed following the line for treatment of the wastewater and effluent production, the line for sludge production and drying process, sludge disposal in safety conditions considering the provisions of 86/278/EEC Directive and the line for biogas utilization.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sikkandhar WasimRaja ◽  
Kalyanasundaram Geetha Thanuja ◽  
Subburamu Karthikeyan ◽  
Subramanian Marimuthu

Abstract This paper illustrates the potential of microalgae in electricity production in concurrence with wastewater treatment. In order to explore the potential biogenic algal strains, our study focused on the isolation of microalgal strains from various aquatic sources. Cyclic voltammetry was performed to detect the electrogenic activity and out of 18 algal isolates, six algal strains were screened. The cyclic voltammograms of Hindakia sp from the culture collection revealed the well-defined redox peak in contrast to the other algal strains. The electrogenic Hindakia sp. was also analyzed for their potential to remove nutrients in wastewater treatment. A fifteen days trial under lab scale race way pond was conducted to evaluate the performance of electrogenic algae. A significant decrease in N, P, BOD, COD, and TOC was observed. The removal efficiency of NH4-N, NO3-N, P, BOD, COD and TOC were 90.38, 90.24, 66.75, 67.15, 69.44, and 83.51 respectively. Hindakia sp was able to produce 13.79 mg/ml of EPS which paves way to a hydrated biofilm matrix that aids in better electrogenicity. To the best of our knowledge, EPS production, electrogenic activity and their utility in waste water treatment are reported for the first time in Hindakia sp. The results of our study demonstrated the combined beneficial traits of microalgae towards electricity production and waste water treatment.


2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 4-7
Author(s):  
B.S. Ksenofontov ◽  
A.S. Kozodayev ◽  
R.A. Taranov ◽  
M.S. Vinogradov

The results of the development and experience of the implementation of flotocombines for wastewater treatment are considered. The principle of flotocombine operation and peculiarities of its use are described. Technological schemes of waste water treatment with the use of flotocombines, as well as data of their industrial tests in processes of waste water treatment of various industries are presented. The higher efficiency of wastewater treatment using flotocombines has been experimentally proven.


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