scholarly journals Using Molecular Weight-Based Fluorescent Detector to Characterize Dissolved EffluentOrganic Matter in Oxidation Ditch with Algae

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Euis Nurul Hidayah ◽  
Okik Hendriyanto Cahyonugroho ◽  
Elita Nurfitriyani Sulistyo ◽  
Nieke Karnangingroem
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Humic Acid ◽  
Fulvic Acid ◽  
Average Molecular Weight ◽  
Soluble Microbial Products ◽  
Oxidation Ditch ◽  
Effluent Organic Matter ◽  
Wastewater Quality ◽  
Microbial Products

Abstract Implementation microalgae has been considered for enhancing effluent wastewater quality. However, algae can cause environmental issues due to algae released extracellular organic matter, algal organic matter, instead of bacteria-derived organic matter in the biological process. The objectives of this study are to investigate the characteristics of dissolved effluent organic matter as algal-derived organic and bacteria-derived organic during the oxidation ditch process. Experiments were conducted in the oxidation ditch without algae, with Spirulina platensis and Chlorella vulgaris. The results showed dissolved effluent organic matter increased into higher dissolved organic carbon, more aromatic and hydrophobic than that before treatment. Fluorescence spectroscopy identified two component, namely aromatic protein-like at excitation/emission 230/345 nm and soluble microbial products-like at 320/345 nm after treatment, instead of fulvic acid-like at 230/420 nm and humic acid-like at 320/420 nm in raw wastewater. Fractionation of dissolved organic fluorescence based on average molecular weight cut-offs (MWCOs) has obtained that fractions aromatic protein-like, fulvic acid-like, humic acid-like, and soluble microbial products-like has respectively a high MWCOs 50,000 Da, a high to low MWCOs <1650 Da, medium MWCOs 1650 Da to low MWCOs. Biological oxidation ditch under symbiosis algal-bacteria generated humic acid-like and fulvic acid-like with a higher MWCOs than oxidation without algal. The quality and quantity of dissolved effluent organic matter in oxidation ditch algal reactor has been significant affected by algal-bacteria symbiotic.

Characteristics of fouling due to clay-organic substances in potable water treatment by ultrafiltration

1996 ◽  
Vol 34 (9) ◽  
pp. 157-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim C.-H. ◽  
M. Hosomi ◽  
A. Murakami ◽  
M. Okada
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Humic Acid ◽  
Fulvic Acid ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Ultrafiltration Membrane ◽  
Organic Substances ◽  
Decomposition Products ◽  
Microbial Decomposition ◽  
Fouling Materials

Effects of clay on fouling due to organic substances and clay were evaluated by model fouling materials and kaolin. Model fouling materials selected were protein, polysaccharide, fulvic acid, humic acid and algogenic matter (EOM:ectracellular organic matter, microbial decomposition products) and kaolin was selected as the clay material. Polysulfone membrane (MWCO(Molecular Weight Cut-Off) 10,000, 50,000 and 200,000) was used as an ultrafiltration membrane. In particular, the flux measurement of solutions containing algogenic matter used an ultrafiltration membrane of MWCO 50,000. The flux of protein and polysaccharide with coexistence of kaolin increased in the case of the ratio of MW/MWCO being greater than one, but did not increase in the case of the MW/MWCO ratio being below one. In contrast, the flux of fulvic acid and humic acid with coextence of kaolin decreased regardless of the ratio of MW/MWCO. The addition of dispersion agent and coagulant in the organic substances and kaolin mixture solution changed the size distribution of kaolin, and resulted in a change of the flux. EOM and microbial decomposition products decreased with the increase of the fraction of organic matter having molecular weight more than MWCO of membrane. The flux of the algogenic organic matter with coexistence of kaolin decreased with the increase of the amount of kaolin. It was suggested that the decline of the flux with coexistence of kaolin was due to the change of the resistance of the kaolin cake layer corresponding to the change in kaolin size distribution with charge.

HUMIC-FULVIC ACID RELATIONSHIPS IN ORGANIC SOILS AND HUMIFICATION OF THE ORGANIC MATTER IN THESE SOILS

1967 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Schnitzer
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Humic Acid ◽  
Fulvic Acid ◽  
Oxidative Degradation ◽  
Fulvic Acids ◽  
Organic Soil ◽  
Organic Soils ◽  
Salting Out ◽  
Naoh Solution

Twenty organic-soil samples of widely differing degrees of decomposition were extracted with 0.5 N NaOH solution under N2. Amounts of humic and of fulvic acids in the acidified extracts did not correlate significantly with pyrophosphate solubilities. This was thought to be due to interference in the separation scheme by relatively large amounts of ash constituents in the extracts. Since the "classical" fractionation of soil organic matter appears to involve essentially the "salting out" of higher molecular-weight humic from lower molecular-weight fulvic acids, an excessively high salt concentration during the separation should be avoided.To lower the concentration of inorganic constituents in the extracts, the samples were first pretreated with dilute HCl–HF solution and then extracted with 0.1 N NaOH rather than with 0.5 N NaOH. Under these conditions, amounts of fulvic acids in the acidified extracts showed a significant positive correlation (r = 0.52) with pyrophosphate solubilities of untreated extracts, whereas amounts of humic acids in the extracts exhibited a highly negative correlation (r = −0.57) with pyrophosphate solubilities. In the soils examined, increased humification was associated with increases in fulvic-acid but decreases in humic-acid concentrations.From the results of this and of earlier investigations done in this laboratory it appeared that the main mechanism governing humification in these soils was oxidative degradation, resulting ultimately in the formation of fulvic from humic acid.

Formation potential of N-nitrosamines from soluble microbial products (SMPs) exposed to chlorine, chloramine and ozone

RSC Advances ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (102) ◽  
pp. 83682-83688 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beibei Zhang ◽  
Qiming Xian ◽  
Gang Yang ◽  
Tingting Gong ◽  
Aimin Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Soluble Microbial Products ◽  
Effluent Organic Matter ◽  
Formation Potential ◽  
Microbial Products

Soluble microbial products (SMPs) are an important component of effluent organic matter in wastewater treatment.

scholarly journals Pembentukan, Karakterisasi Serta Manfaat Asam Humat Terhadap Adsorbsi Logam Berat

SoilREns ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Firda Firda ◽  
Oviyanti Mulyani ◽  
Anni Yuniarti
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Humic Acid ◽  
Dynamic System ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Fulvic Acid ◽  
Organic Materials ◽  
Oxide Hydroxide ◽  
Solid Liquid

Soil is a very complex and dynamic system, consisting of the solid, liquid and gas. The solid parts of soil is made from minerals and organic materials (rough and smooth). Organic materials with smooth from is called humic acid. This product is a result from oxidation polimeritation of compounds like phenol, lignin and proteins from plants also from the metabolism of microorganism in the ground. In general, the composition of organic matter is dominated by humin with large, medium and lower of molecular weight. Humic acid has the composition of elements like carbon (40-80%), nitrogen (2-4%), sulfur (1-2%), phospor (0-0,3%) and also oxygen. Humic acid has unique characteristics compared with fulvic acid and humin. One of the most spesific character is the bonding to interact with metal ions, oxide, hydroxide, minerals, organic, and toxic materials.Key words: Adsorbtion, Characterization, Heavy metals, Humic Acid

HUMUS FRACTION RATIOS AS A MEANS OF DISCRIMINATING BETWEEN HORIZON TYPES

1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. E. LOWE
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Humic Acid ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Fulvic Acid ◽  
Soil Classification ◽  
Acid Fraction ◽  
Humus Fraction ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Fraction Distribution

Humus fraction distribution in a wide range of horizon samples was examined by measuring carbon content in humic acid (Ch), in fulvic acid (Cf) and in the strongly colored polyphenolic component of the fulvic acid fraction (Ca). Fraction distribution was described by the ratios Ch/Cf and Ca/Cf. It was concluded that humus fraction ratios were related to horizon types as used in the Canadian System of Soil Classification, and were effective in discriminating between certain horizon types, particularly between Luvisolic Bt and Podzolic Bf. The results also suggested that humus fraction ratios may be effective in separating distinct sub-populations within Ah horizons and Bf horizons in general, based on qualitative differences in organic matter present. Aspects of the role of humus fractions in soil genesis are discussed.

The Characteristic of the Soluble Microbial Products from an Anaerobic Reactor at Low Temperature

2012 ◽  
Vol 518-523 ◽  
pp. 1808-1812
Author(s):  
Lei Zhang ◽  
Wei Guang Li ◽  
Duo Ying Zhang ◽  
Ke Wang ◽  
Guang Zhi Wang
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Membrane Separation ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Soluble Microbial Products ◽  
Anaerobic Reactors ◽  
Anaerobic Biodegradability ◽  
Microbial Products ◽  
Aerobic Biodegradability

A large amount of soluble chemical oxygen demand (COD) exists in the effluent from anaerobic treatment of wastewater at methophilic temperature, which consists of considerable portion of soluble microbial products (SMP). As the anaerobic treatment of wastewater was significantly influenced by temperature, it is great of importance to investigate the SMP from anaerobic reactors operated at low temperature in order to improve the performance. In this study, two lab-scale UASB reactors were performed to treat synthetic glucose and acetate wastewater respectively at an initial concentration of 1000 mg-COD/L at 15 °C. The SMP was found in the effluent from the glucose-fed UASB, and it was 6% of the influent COD concentration. The SMP did not accumulate in the acetate-fed UASB. The average aerobic biodegradability of the SMP was 90% and it was further enhanced by membrane separation of X100 (membrane with 100 k da molecular weight cut-offs). The anaerobic biodegradability of the SMP was 60%, and it was 100% for the fraction in which the molecular weight (MW) was lower than 10 k da. The fraction of low MW (lower than 10 k da) mainly consisted of 31.7% long chain alkanes and 13.6% esters. The aerobic polishing step is an available polishing step for the anaerobic treatment of wastewater at low temperature.

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