How to Predict Cancer-Specific Death of Patients with Chondrosarcoma: A Prognostic Model Based on Competing Risk
Abstract Background. As chondrosarcoma is the second highest primary malignant tumor of bone, it is necessary to find a way to predict the prognosis of chondrosarcoma. But the current model rarely involves the study of competing risk. This is a retrospective study with the aim of establishing a prognostic model and a nomogram based on competing risk to predict the probability of cancer-specific death (CSD) at 3 and 5 years. The Fine and Gray regression is a targeted statistical method, which makes the results more authentic and reliable.Methods. A total of 1674 chondrosarcoma patients were identified from the SEER database, and they were divided into training cohort and validation cohort by year of diagnosis. These two cohorts were used to develop and validate the prognostic model to predict the 3-year and 5-year probabilities of CSD, with non-CSD as the competing risk. Model accuracy made use of some verification functions, such as C-index, receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC), calibration plot, area under curve (AUC) and Brier score.Results. According to the outcomes of the model: older age (subdistribution hazards ratio(95%CI): 1.02 (1.01-1.03); P<0.001), dedifferentiated CHS (SHR(95%CI): 2.16 (1.30-3.59); P=0.003), high grade (SHR(95%CI): 2.60 (1.83-3.68); P<0.001), Regional involvement (SHR(95%CI): 3.15 (2.01-4.93); P<0.001), Distant metastasis (SHR(95%CI): 11.56 (6.82-19.59); P<0.001), tumor excision (SHR(95%CI): 0.47 (0.25-0.87); P=0.02) and Radical resection (SHR(95%CI): 0.54 (0.32-0.90); P=0.02) were significantly. They obviously promoted the increase of CSD.Conclusion. This prognostic model considered the competing risks of chondrosarcoma, and the nomogram can effectively predict the probability of CSD in patients with chondrosarcoma, which is suitable for clinical application.