scholarly journals Multiple Factors Mediate Insecticide Toxicity To A Key Predator For Cotton Insect Pest Management

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denner Manthay Potin ◽  
Anderson Vinnicius Arruda Machado ◽  
Paulo Roberto Ramos Barbosa ◽  
Jorge Braz Torres
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Anthonomus Grandis ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Multiple Factors ◽  
Insecticide Selectivity

Abstract Mortality of agricultural pests caused by arthropod predators is a valuable ecosystem service for crop production. The earwig, Euborellia annulipes (Lucas), attacks different pest species in various crop ecosystems, including larvae and pupae of the boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis grandis (Boh.). Despite such biological control, cotton pest management remains heavily dependent on synthetic insecticides. In this study, multiple factors were assessed to measure the selectivity of insecticides used against sap-sucking and chewing cotton pests for two E. annulipes populations. Nymphs and adults of E. annulipes were exposed to the insecticides in two ways: ingestion of contaminated prey, and contact with dried residues on either inert surfaces or treated plants bearing prey. Pymetrozine, chlorantraniliprole, and spinetoram had little effect on the predator regardless the tested earwig population, life stage, or the route of exposure. Cyantraniliprole affected the predator in some life stages and through some types of contact. Pyriproxyfen was harmless to adult earwigs, but prevented normal development of nymphs to adults. Chlorfenapyr, indoxacarb, lambda-cyhalothrin, chlorpyrifos, dimethoate, and malathion were harmful to the predator regardless earwig life stage or method of exposure. The negative impact was diminished when exposure occurred on plants with predator allowed to shelter in the soil. The results indicate that insecticide selectivity outcome is a multi-factor driven by the insecticide, predator life stage and the redator’s behavior. Therefore, testing different predator life stages via several routes of exposure, without denying the insect the opportunity to engage in its normal behaviors can provide better estimates of insecticide selectivity.

scholarly journals Integrating Rowcovers and Strip Tillage for Pest Management in Summer Squash and Muskmelon Production

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 923-932
Author(s):  
Amanda Skidmore ◽  
Neil Wilson ◽  
Mark Williams ◽  
Ric Bessin
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Summer Squash ◽  
Strip Tillage

Pest management in cucurbit (Cucurbitaceae) cropping systems is challenging. As a result, pesticides are heavily used for managing insect pests and diseases. This work focused on the application of integrated pest management (IPM) techniques to control pests and reduce reliance on insecticide sprays while maintaining the quality and quantity of marketable yields in two commonly grown cucurbit crops: muskmelon (Cucumis melo) and summer squash (Cucurbita pepo). Plasticulture (raised beds covered in black plastic mulch) and strip tillage, two soil management systems commonly used for cucurbit IPM production, were compared to determine their impact on yield and pest numbers during the 2013–14 growing seasons. Additionally, the use of early season rowcovers and their impact on yield and pest pressure were investigated. Plasticulture use increased marketable yields compared with strip tillage for both summer squash and muskmelon, but strip tillage resulted in fewer total pests for both crops. Rowcover use did not have a consistent effect on insect pest numbers and showed a negative impact on the yield of both summer squash and muskmelon. No significant impacts on yield were observed when the interaction between rowcovers and the tillage system was investigated. The use of rowcovers impacted pest numbers, but these impacts were not consistent between insect pest species. Insecticide use was reduced in covered treatments, but only by one application. We concluded that these management techniques have the potential to be used in an IPM system, but the reduced marketable yield of strip tillage systems may reduce the adoption of this IPM technique for these crops.

scholarly journals Paddy growers’ technical knowledge on integrated pest management practices in Upper Brahmaputra Valley Zone of Assam

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 215-220
Author(s):  
P. Sharma ◽  
P. Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Pest Management ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Biological Pest Control ◽  
Level Of Knowledge

The importance of integrated pest management (IPM) lies with the fact that, dependency for increasing agricultural production by heavy application of pesticides and chemical fertilizers has negative impact on human health as well as on the natural resource base. IPM is a concept that integrates all cultural, mechanical, biological and chemical practices of crop production which control prevent and eradicate pest population in field and makes the pest management practice a stronger approach rather than sole application of chemical pesticides. The study revealed that majority of the respondents aged between 41-53 years (56.43%), studied upto High School (46.07%) and had membership of at least one organization (70.72%). Most of the farmers had family size of 5-7 members (62.50%), agricultural experience between 16-23 years (62.85%) and in between 4-9.6 years involved in pesticide application (60.71%). The knowledge regarding various IPM practices plays a vital role in its application. The study found that more than half (52.85%) of the paddy growers had moderate level of knowledge on IPM practices next to which 27.85 per cent of the farmers had low level of knowledge and 19.28 per cent of them had high level of knowledge regarding IPM practices. The farmers had great extent of knowledge on the practices like proper summer ploughing, trimming of bunds and destruction of crop residues before transplanting of rice to minimize the insect pest and disease intensity as reported by all the respondents and use bird perches for predatory birds against insect pests of rice was reported by 90.00 per cent of the respondents. However, majority (69.28%) of the respondents did not know about application of Trichogramma as a biocontrol agent against rice stem borer, rice leaf folder and more than three forth of the respondents (76.78%) did not know about pattern of release of Trichogramma in the field. It shows that farmers had very low knowledge in application of biological pest control techniques in the field coparing to cultural practices.

scholarly journals Survey of bacteria associated with western corn rootworm life stages reveals no difference between insects reared in different soils

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dalton C. Ludwick ◽  
Aaron C. Ericsson ◽  
Lisa N. Meihls ◽  
Michelle L. J. Gregory ◽  
Deborah L. Finke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Diabrotica Virgifera Virgifera ◽  
Western Corn Rootworm ◽  
16S Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Corn Rootworm ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Different Soils

Abstract Western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte) is a serious pest of maize (Zea mays L.) in North America and parts of Europe. With most of its life cycle spent in the soil feeding on maize root tissues, this insect is likely to encounter and interact with a wide range of soil and rhizosphere microbes. Our knowledge of the role of microbes in pest management and plant health remains woefully incomplete, yet that knowledge could play an important role in effective pest management strategies. For this study, insects were reared on maize in soils from different locations. Insects from two different laboratory colonies (a diapausing and a non-diapausing colony) were sampled at each life stage to determine the possible core bacteriome. Additionally, soil was sampled at each life stage and resulting bacteria were identified to determine the possible contribution of soil to the rootworm bacteriome, if any. We analyzed the V4 hypervariable region of bacterial 16S rRNA genes with Illumina MiSeq to survey the different species of bacteria associated with the insects and the soils. The bacterial community associated with insects was significantly different from that in the soil. Some differences appear to exist between insects from non-diapausing and diapausing colonies while no significant differences in community composition existed between the insects reared on different soils. Despite differences in the bacteria present in immature stages and in male and female adults, there is a possible core bacteriome of approximately 16 operational taxonomic units (i.e., present across all life stages). This research may provide insights into Bt resistance development, improved nutrition in artificial rearing systems, and new management strategies.

scholarly journals Modern Stored-Product Insect Pest Management

2014 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 205-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
David William Hagstrum ◽  
Paul Whitney Flinn
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Management Tools ◽  
Processing Plants ◽  
Insect Infestations ◽  
Food Residues ◽  
And Control

Abstract Stored-product entomologists have a variety of new monitoring, decision-making, biological, chemical, and physical pest management tools available to them. Two types of stored-product insect populations are of interest: insects of immediate economic importance infesting commodities, and insects that live in food residues in equipment and facilities. The sampling and control methods change as grain and grain products move from field to consumer. There are also some changes in the major insect pest species to take into consideration. In this review, we list the primary insect pests at each point of the marketing system, and indicate which sampling methods and control strategies are most appropriate. Economic thresholds for insect infestation levels developed for raw commodity storage, processing plants, and retail business allow sampling-based pest management to be done before insect infestations cause economic injury. Taking enough samples to have a representative sample (20-30 samples) will generally provide enough information to classify a population as above or below an economic threshold.

scholarly journals Survey of bacteria associated with western corn rootworm life stages reveals no difference between insects reared in different soils

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dalton C. Ludwick ◽  
Aaron C. Ericsson ◽  
Lisa N. Meihls ◽  
Michelle L.J. Gregory ◽  
Deborah L. Finke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Diabrotica Virgifera Virgifera ◽  
Western Corn Rootworm ◽  
16S Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Corn Rootworm ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Different Soils

AbstractWestern corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte) is a serious pest of maize (Zea mays L.) in North America and parts of Europe. With most of its life cycle spent in the soil feeding on maize root tissues, this insect is likely to encounter and interact with a wide range of soil and rhizosphere microbes. Our knowledge of the role of microbes in pest management and plant health remains incomplete. An important component of an effective pest management strategy is to know which microorganisms are present that could play a role in life history or management. For this study, insects were reared in soils from different locations. Insects were sampled at each life stage to determine the possible core bacteriome. Additionally, soil was sampled at each life stage and resulting bacteria were identified to determine the contribution of soil to the rootworm bacteriome, if any. We analyzed the V4 hypervariable region of bacterial 16S rRNA genes with Illumina MiSeq to survey the different species of bacteria associated with the insects and the soils. The bacterial community associated with insects was significantly different from that in the soil. Some differences appear to exist between insects from non-diapausing and diapausing colonies while no significant differences in community composition existed between the insects reared on different soils. Despite differences in the bacteria present in immature stages and in male and female adults, there is a possible core bacteriome of approximately 16 operational taxonomic units (i.e., present across all life stages). This research may give insights into how resistance to Bt develops, improved nutrition in artificial rearing systems, and new management strategies.

scholarly journals Developing Insect Pest Management Systems for Hemp in the United States: A Work in Progress

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Whitney Cranshaw ◽  
Melissa Schreiner ◽  
Kadie Britt ◽  
Thomas P Kuhar ◽  
John McPartland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
The United States ◽  
Corn Earworm ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Flower Buds

Abstract Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) is now being grown within the United States over a much broader geographic area and for different uses than during its last period of significant production that ended after World War II. Within the past 3 yr, a large number of arthropod species have been documented to feed on hemp in the United States. Among key pest species, corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), has demonstrated greatest potential for crop injury, being particularly damaging to flower buds. Hemp russet mite, Aculops cannibicola (Farkas), and cannabis aphid, Phorodon cannabis Passerini, are the two species observed most damaging among those that suck plant fluids. Eurasian hemp borer, Grapholita delineana Walker, is widely present east of the Rocky Mountains and appears to have potential to significantly damage both flower buds and developing seeds. Numerous species of caterpillars, grasshoppers, and beetles chew hemp foliage; the severity of these defoliation injuries appears to be minimal, but needs further study. Similarly, numerous seed feeding hemipterans, most notably stink bugs and Lygus bugs, are regularly found in the crop but injury potential remains unclear. Some preliminary efforts have been made to develop integrated pest management strategies for these insects, particularly for corn earworm. Future research can be expected to rapidly resolve many of the data gaps that presently restrict advancing pest management on the crop. However, a major confounding issue involves the use of pesticides on hemp. Federal agencies have not yet provided clear direction on this issue, and regulatory decisions have subsequently devolved to the states.

Drosophila, Chitin and Insect Pest Management

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (29) ◽  
pp. 3546-3553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiwen Wang ◽  
Lujuan Gao ◽  
Bernard Moussian
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Insect Pest Management ◽  
Chitin Synthesis ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Common Strategy ◽  
Insect Populations

Insects are a great menace in agriculture and vectors of human diseases. Hence, controlling insect populations is an important issue worldwide. A common strategy to control insects is the application of insecticides. However, insecticides entail three major problems. First, insecticides are chemicals that stress ecosystems and may even be harmful to humans. Second, insecticides are often unspecific and also eradicate beneficial insect species like the honeybee. Third, insects are able to develop resistance to insecticides. Therefore, the efficient generation of new potent insecticides and their intelligent delivery are the major tasks in agriculture. In addition, acceptance or refusal in society is a major issue that has to be considered in the application of a pest management strategy. In this paper, we unify two issues: 1) we illustrate that our molecular knowledge of the chitin synthesis and organization pathways may offer new opportunities to design novel insecticides that are environmentally harmless at the same time being specific to a pest species; and 2) we advocate that the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster may serve as an excellent model of insect to study the effects of insecticides at the genetic, molecular and histology level in order to better understand their mode of action and to optimize their impact. Especially, chitin synthesis and organization proteins and enzymes are excellently dissected in the fruit fly, providing a rich source for new insecticide targets. Thus, D. melanogaster offers a cheap, efficient and fast assay system to address agricultural questions, as has been demonstrated to be the case in bio-medical research areas.

Chlorantraniliprole impact on survival and progeny quality of the pupa of the parasitoid Palmistichus elaeisis (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae)

2018 ◽  
Vol 151 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-100
Author(s):  
Kleber de Sousa Pereira ◽  
Mateus Chediak ◽  
José Cola Zanuncio ◽  
Raul Narciso Carvalho Guedes
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Sublethal Effect ◽  
Head Capsule ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Female Progeny ◽  
Impact On Survival ◽  
Progeny Size ◽  
Direct Toxicity

AbstractThe insecticide chlorantraniliprole is recommended for integrated pest management programmes of caterpillar (Lepidoptera) pest species. This insecticide is considered harmless to parasitoids, but its selectivity may vary with the species of natural enemy, few of which were subjected to testing. Furthermore, in addition to the active ingredient, formulation adjuvants may improve insecticide efficiency, but also its impact on nontargeted organisms. Here the chlorantraniliprole effect and its interaction with adjuvant on the survival and qualitative parameters of progeny of the nontarget parasitoid Palmistichus elaeisis (Delvare and LaSalle) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) were studied. The treatments used were: chrolantraniliprole (T1), chlorantraniliprole+surfactant (T2), and deionised water (T3, control). Pupae of Diaphania hyalinata Linnaeus (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) were subjected to these treatments for 24 hours and offered to the adult parasitoids. Chlorantraniliprole and chlorantraniliprole+surfactant did not elicit direct toxicity to female parasitoids. However, chlorantraniliprole and its combination with surfactant reduced the head capsule width of the female progeny. This insecticide alone also reduced emergence and the progeny metatibia length. Chlorantraniliprole did not induce mortality of P. elaeisis adults, but its negative impact on the emergence and progeny size of this parasitoid suggests an important sublethal effect to be considered.

MODERN PREPARATIONS FOR CEREAL CROPS PROTECTION AGAINST CORN FLIES

1970 ◽  
pp. 52-55
Author(s):  
М. N. Shorokhov ◽  
V. A. Khilevskiy ◽  
А. N. Martynushkin ◽  
L. А. Burkova
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Rostov Oblast ◽  
Omsk Oblast ◽  
Insect Pest Management ◽  
Russian Market ◽  
Seed Dressing ◽  
Production Technologies

Protective activities (including chemical ones) remain an integral part of crop production technologies. Assortment of chemicals is being changed all the time. Currently as a part of crop flies management it is permitted to use chemicals belonging to different structural classes. Major advantage, as can be seen in instance of pyrethroids, is the high initial effectiveness (95-100 %) and relatively low price, however its protective period is short. Introduction of seed dressing insecticides into the Russian market was a breakthrough in the insect pest management of crop flies and some other crop insect pests. Bayer CropScience AG developed and registered on the Russian market a first ever insecticide-fungicide seed dressing, Scenic Combi, CS (250+37.5+37.5+5 g/l) which contains 4 active substances (clothianidin, fluoxastrobin, prothioconazole, tebuconazole). This paper presents the data on the effectiveness of modern insecticides in crop flies management in the conditions of Omsk Oblast and Rostov Oblast for a period from 2011 to 2017. Sufficient biological effectiveness (80-100 %) of the wheat insect pest management is established when vegetative plants were sprayed with the following chemicals: Kungfu Super, Eforiya, BOREJ Neo, Thiacloprid + deltamethrin, Chlorpyrifos + cypermethrin, Shaman, Imidacloprid + alpha-cypermethrin, Imidor, Chlorpyrifos, Sharpej, Thiacloprid + lambda-cyhalothrin. The conclusion is made about the applicability of these chemicals providing its inclusion into the State catalogue of pesticides and agricultural chemicals.

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