scholarly journals Household Food Insecurity and Unavailability of Toilet Facility Contribute to Adverse Health Outcomes of Under-five Children in Bangladesh: A Cross-sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Ashraful Islam ◽  
Mahfuzur Rahman ◽  
Md. Fakhar Uddin ◽  
Md. Tariqujjaman ◽  
Gobinda Karmakar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Household Food Insecurity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Adverse Health Outcomes ◽  
Household Food ◽  
Child Morbidity ◽  
Toilet Facility

Abstract BackgroundDespite recent progress in rural economic development and food production, the prevalence of household food insecurity (FI) and use of unimproved toilet facilities are widespread in Bangladesh. Limited studies have sought to understand the relationship of household FI and sanitation, separately and in combination, with child morbidity. This paper aimed to assess the effect of FI and unimproved toilet facility of households on adverse health outcomes of children less than five years of age in Bangladesh.MethodsWe used data from a cross-sectional survey that was conducted as part of an evaluation of the Maternal, Infant and Young Child Nutrition (MIYCN) Program in Bangladesh. The study population included children aged 6-59 months and their caregivers, identified using a two-stage cluster-sampling procedure. Child morbidity status was the outcome variable, and household FI status and type of toilet used were considered the main exposure variables in this study. We performed logistic regression, calculated adjusted odds ratios (AOR) to assess the association of child morbidity with household FI and unimproved toilet facility after adjusting for potential confounders. ResultsA total of 1,728 households were eligible for this analysis. About 23% of the households were food-insecure, and a large number of households had improved toilet facilities (93.4%). In the multivariable logistic regression model, we found that children in food-insecure households with unimproved toilet facility had 5.88 (AOR: 5.88; 95% CI 2.52, 13.70) times more chance, of being morbid compared to the children of food-secure households with improved toilet facility. A similar association of FI and toilet facilities with each of the morbidity components was observed, including diarrhea (AOR:3.6; 95% CI 1.79, 7.89), fever (AOR:3.47; 95% CI 1.72, 6.99), difficult or fast breathing with cough (AOR:3.88; 95% CI 1.99, 7.59), and difficult or fast breathing with blocked or running nose (AOR:1.29; 95% CI 0.56, 2.95).ConclusionsOur study shows that household FI and unimproved toilet facility jointly have more deteriorative effects on child morbidity than either of these conditions alone. Therefore, it is important to consider these two critical factors while designing a public health intervention for reducing morbidity among under-five children.

scholarly journals Association between food insecurity and anemia among women of reproductive age

PeerJ ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. e1945 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bishwajit Ghose ◽  
Shangfeng Tang ◽  
Sanni Yaya ◽  
Zhanchun Feng
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Hemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Household Food Insecurity ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Wealth Status ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Household Food

Background:Food insecurity and hidden hunger (micronutrient deficiency) affect about two billion people globally. Household food insecurity (HFI) has been shown to be associated with one or multiple micronutrient (MMN) deficiencies among women and children. Chronic food insecurity leads to various deficiency disorders, among which anemia stands out as the most prevalent one. As a high malnutrition prevalent country, Bangladesh has one of the highest rates of anemia among all Asian countries. In this study, we wanted to investigate for any association exists between HFI and anemia among women of reproductive age in Bangladesh.Methodology:Information about demographics, socioeconomic and anemia status on 5,666 married women ageing between 13 and 40 years were collected from a nationally representative cross-sectional survey Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS 2011). Food security was measured by the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS). Capillary hemoglobin concentration (Hb) measured by HemoCue® was used as the biomarker of anemia. Data were analysed using cross-tabulation, chi-square tests and multiple logistic regression methods.Results:Anemia prevalence was 41.7%. Logistic regression showed statistically significant association with anemia and type of residency (p = 0.459; OR = 0.953, 95%CI = 0.840–1.082), wealth status (Poorest: p < 0.001; OR = 1.369, 95%CI = 1.176–1.594; and average: p = 0.030; 95%CI = 1.017–1.398), educational attainment (p < 0.001; OR = 1.276, 95%CI = 1.132–1.439) and household food insecurity (p < 0.001; 95%CI = 1.348–1.830). Women who reported food insecurity were about 1.6 times more likely to suffer from anemia compared to their food secure counterparts.Conclusion:HFI is a significant predictor of anemia among women of reproductive age in Bangladesh. Programs targeting HFI could prove beneficial for anemia reduction strategies. Gender aspects of food and nutrition insecurity should be taken into consideration in designing national anemia prevention frameworks.

scholarly journals Food Insecurity and the Double Burden of Malnutrition in Colombian Rural Households

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-39
Author(s):  
Ana María Sansón-Rosas ◽  
Jennifer Bernal-Rivas ◽  
Stan Kubow ◽  
Andrés Suarez ◽  
Hugo Melgar-Quiñonez
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rural Households ◽  
Household Food Insecurity ◽  
Double Burden ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Household Food ◽  
Double Burden Of Malnutrition

Abstract Objective: This study aimed to examine in Colombian rural households the association between different severity levels of household food insecurity and the presence of the double burden of malnutrition (SCOWT), defined as the coexistence of a stunted child under five years and an overweight or obese (OWOB) mother. Design: A secondary data analysis was conducted using cross-sectional data from the Colombian National Nutritional Survey (ENSIN) 2015. Household food insecurity status was assessed by using the Latin-American and Caribbean Food Security Scale (ELCSA). The household SCOWT status (child stunting and OWOB mother) was determined using anthropometric data from a mother and her child. Setting: Rural Colombia Participants: 2.350 mother-child pairs living in the same household Results: Sixty-two percent of the households were food insecure and SCOWT was present in 7.8% of the households. Moderate (OR: 2.39 – CI: 1.36 - 4.21) and severe (OR: 1.86 – CI: 1.10 - 3.15) food insecurity was associated with SCOWT in an unadjusted logistic regression. Only moderate food insecurity remained significantly associated with SCOWT in a multivariate logistic regression (aOR: 2.41 - IC: 1.24 – 4.68). Conclusions: Colombian rural areas are not exempt from the worldwide concern of increasing OWOB rates while stunting is still persistent. These results highlight the need of implementing double duty rural actions targeting most vulnerable households to SCOWT, particularly in terms of overcoming food insecurity beyond hunger satisfaction to prevent all forms of malnutrition.

Dietary Diversity May Play A Mediatory Role on the Association between Household Food Insecurity and Nutritional Status among Children Aged 24-59 Months

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-10
Author(s):  
Ahmed Abdurahman
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Household Food Insecurity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Household Food

Background: Consuming scarce and poorly diversified diet, along with inadequate breastfeeding, contribute seriously to the complete scope of child undernutrition like stunting, wasting, underweight and micronutrient deficiency. Objective: To determine the association between dietary diversity score (DDS) and nutritional status among children aged 24 to 59 months in Haromaya district, Ethiopia. Methods: Children aged 24-59 months (N= 453) were enrolled in this cross-sectional study with a representative sample of households selected by a multistage sampling procedure in Haromaya district. Anthropometry and 24hr dietary recall were administered. Multinomial logistic regression models were applied to select variables that are candidate for multivariable model. Structural equation modeling was applied to test the mediatory effect of DDS on the relationship between household food insecurity (HFI) and child nutritional status. Results: The mean DDS was 3.62 (SD 1.09), and 50% of the children indicated poor and average DDS with only 20% children in very good DDS. By logistic regression analysis and after adjusting for the confounding factors, poor DDS was highly significant predictor of wasting, stunting and underweight (AOR = 4.09, C.I = 1.31 - 12.76, p = .01), (AOR = 2.28, C.I = 1.11 - 4.69, p = .03) and (AOR = 2.48, C.I = 1.17 - 5.24, p = .02) respectively. HFI had a significant direct effect on wasting though no significant indirect effect on wasting through mediation variable, DDS, (β1 reduced from 0.06 (S.E. = 0.027, p < .05) to 0.05 (S.E. = 0.028, p > .05). Conclusion: Poor DDS was a predictor of wasting, stunting and underweight. Additionally, DDS had a role in the association between HFI and nutritional status.

scholarly journals Adherence to antiretroviral therapy among children under five years in Jinja, Uganda, assessed using a combined measure

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacquellyn Nambi Ssanyu ◽  
Mary Nakafeero ◽  
Fred Nuwaha
Keyword(s):  
Food Insecurity ◽  
School Attendance ◽  
P Value ◽  
Household Food Insecurity ◽  
Viral Load Suppression ◽  
Hiv Viral Load ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Children Under Five ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Household Food

Abstract Background: Adherence to Anti-Retroviral Therapy (ART) is required to achieve HIV viral load suppression but children under five years in Jinja, Uganda, had been shown to have low HIV suppression rates. This study aimed to determine the level of ART non-adherence among these children and the associated factors. Methods: Data for the cross-sectional study was obtained from caregivers of 206 HIV positive children under five years attending health facilities in Jinja who had been on ART for at least three months. Non-adherence was measured using a Visual Analog Scale that assessed both dosing and timing non-adherence, and by determining the Proportion of Days Covered by the medication. A questionnaire administered to the caregivers was used to collect the data, together with medical record review. A child was only considered adherent if they had adherence greater than 95% on both measures. The data was analysed using Modified Poisson Regression, taking a p-value less than 0.05 as statistically significant. Results: Of the 206 children, 73.8% were older than 2 years, and 52.9% were female. Likewise, the majority of the caregivers were female (93.7%). According to the combined adherence measure, 51.5% of the children were categorized as non-adherent. School attendance, Prevalence Ratio (PR) = 1.32 (p = 0.024), receiving financial support from family, PR = 0.68 (p = 0.026) and satisfaction with the quality of service at the health facility, PR = 0.96 (p <0.001) were associated with non-adherence. Household food insecurity was also associated with non-adherence: PR = 1.63 (p = 0.007) for mild food insecurity, PR= 1.67 (p = 0.006) for moderate insecurity and PR = 1.59 (p = 0.006) for severe food insecurity. Conclusions: Children under five years in Jinja had a high level of ART non-adherence. It is important to engage schools to support adherence among children living with HIV. Addressing household food insecurity would also reduce the barriers to optimal adherence.

scholarly journals Dietary Diversity May Play A Mediatory Role on the Association between Household Food Insecurity and Nutritional Status among Children Aged 24-59 Months

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-10
Author(s):  
Ahmed Abdurahman
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Household Food Insecurity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Household Food

Background: Consuming scarce and poorly diversified diet, along with inadequate breastfeeding, contribute seriously to the complete scope of child undernutrition like stunting, wasting, underweight and micronutrient deficiency. Objective: To determine the association between dietary diversity score (DDS) and nutritional status among children aged 24 to 59 months in Haromaya district, Ethiopia. Methods: Children aged 24-59 months (N= 453) were enrolled in this cross-sectional study with a representative sample of households selected by a multistage sampling procedure in Haromaya district. Anthropometry and 24hr dietary recall were administered. Multinomial logistic regression models were applied to select variables that are candidate for multivariable model. Structural equation modeling was applied to test the mediatory effect of DDS on the relationship between household food insecurity (HFI) and child nutritional status. Results: The mean DDS was 3.62 (SD 1.09), and 50% of the children indicated poor and average DDS with only 20% children in very good DDS. By logistic regression analysis and after adjusting for the confounding factors, poor DDS was highly significant predictor of wasting, stunting and underweight (AOR = 4.09, C.I = 1.31 - 12.76, p = .01), (AOR = 2.28, C.I = 1.11 - 4.69, p = .03) and (AOR = 2.48, C.I = 1.17 - 5.24, p = .02) respectively. HFI had a significant direct effect on wasting though no significant indirect effect on wasting through mediation variable, DDS, (β1 reduced from 0.06 (S.E. = 0.027, p < .05) to 0.05 (S.E. = 0.028, p > .05). Conclusion: Poor DDS was a predictor of wasting, stunting and underweight. Additionally, DDS had a role in the association between HFI and nutritional status.

scholarly journals Factors Associated with Stunting of Under Five-year Children: Findings from Panel Surveys in Mountains, Dry Zone and Delta Regions of Rural Myanmar (2016–17) (P04-039-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Kyaw Htet ◽  
Michael Dibley ◽  
Anu Rammohan ◽  
Mark Vicol ◽  
Bill Pritchard
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Household Food Insecurity ◽  
Maternal Height ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Household Food

Abstract Objectives This study investigates the role of food security, agriculture, dietary diversity, and socio-demographic factors on stunting of under-five children in 3 different ecological zones in Myanmar using panel survey data. Methods We conducted 2 repeated cross-sectional surveys among the same households in mountain, plain and delta areas of rural areas of Myanmar. We purposely selected two adjacent townships in each zone and from each township we randomly selected 20 villages proportionate to population size sampling. We then randomly selected 30 households in each village to achieve 1200 households with under 5-year children per state. We recruited 3231 households in the first survey in early 2016 and revisited the same households in late 2017 to assess seasonal variations. In each survey, we collected data on access to land for agriculture, home gardens, agricultural assets, types of crops, household assets, household dietary diversity, and household food insecurity access scale (HFIAS), as well as anthropometry from under 5 children. We used an app to collect data in both surveys electronically. We constructed village level scores for agricultural diversity and transportation. To assess risk factors we used multilevel logistic regression to adjust for survey design and within-person correlation from repeated surveys. Results We visited 90.4% of households in the second survey (N = 2921). A total of 2049 under 5 children participated in the first survey and 1696 in the second. The % of households that were food secure and had dietary diversity > = 5 increased in the second survey but the overall prevalence of stunting increased from 40.4% to 42.0% with highest stunting prevalence in Chin state (62.4%). Univariate analysis showed owning agricultural land > 2 acres, high village-average transportation score, household food insecurity and maternal height were associated with stunting. Multilevel mixed logistic regression showed maternal height, child age, wealth and transportation score were key determinants for stunting - Table 4. Conclusions The level of child stunting was high, especially in Chin state which had the highest levels of food insecurity. Food security is a problem in rural Myanmar but transportation was a significant risk factor that is commonly overlooked in nutrition interventions. Funding Sources Australian Research Council DP150102053. Supporting Tables, Images and/or Graphs

scholarly journals Household Food Security and Nutritional Status of Under-Five-Year Children: A Case Study of Nepal

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajaya Paudel ◽  
Tulsi Ram Bhandari ◽  
Nim Bahadur Dangi
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Household Food Security ◽  
Household Food Insecurity ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Household Food

Background: Food security refers to accessing to desirable, nutritious, and healthy foods to live a healthy and productive life. Household food insecurity is an underlying cause of malnutrition in children. In this study, the household food security and its influence on the nutritional status of under-five year children were investigated. Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted from August to November 2019 in Syangja district of Nepal. Of six rural municipalities of the district, Phedikhola Rural Municipality was selected using the lottery method. We found 905 eligible households that have an under-five year child. A total of 289 children entered the study after considering the 40% overall prevalence rate of malnutrition among children under five years of age.  Data were collected proportionately from each ward considering the health status and anthropometric measurements of children and household food security using a structured interview schedule and the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale. Descriptive statistics and chi-square tests were applied to assess the situation and determine the association. Results: Food insecurity was observed in more than half (52.3%) of the households. Food insecurity was associated (P < 0.001) with the socioeconomic status of the family. Prevalence of stunting (height-for-age), underweight, and wasting (weight-for-height) in children were 28.7%, 20.0%, and 13.9%, respectively. Food security, exclusive breastfeeding, and initiation time of complementary feeding were significantly associated with wasting and underweight (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Food insecurity and under-five year malnutrition were highly frequent in the study areas. The improvement of educational, occupational, and economic conditions of the households may be a solution to this problem.

scholarly journals The association between household food insecurity and obesity in Mexico: a cross-sectional study of ENSANUT MC 2016

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Rosa Elena Ponce-Alcala ◽  
Jose Luis Ramirez-Garcia Luna ◽  
Teresa Shamah-Levy ◽  
Hugo Melgar-Quiñonez
Keyword(s):  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
National Level ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Household Food Insecurity ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Household Food ◽  
Mexican Adults

Abstract Objective: To examine the association between household food insecurity and overweight, obesity and abdominal obesity in Mexican adults. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: We analysed data from the Mexican Halfway National Health and Nutrition Survey 2016, a nationally representative survey that accounted for rural and urban areas in four regions of Mexico: North, Centre, Mexico City and South. Participants: Adults from 20 to 59 years old (n 5456, which represents 45 804 210 individuals at the national level). Results: 70·8 % of the Mexican adults had some degree of household food insecurity. This situation showed larger proportions (P < 0·05) among indigenous people, those living in a rural area, in the Southern region or the lowest socio-economic quintiles. The prevalence of obesity and abdominal obesity was higher in female adults (P < 0·001), with the highest proportions occurring among those experiencing severe household food insecurity. Among women, mean BMI and waist circumference were higher as household food insecurity levels increased (P < 0·001). According to multivariate logistic regression models, severe household food insecurity showed to be positively associated with obesity (OR: 2·36; P = 0·001) in Mexican adult females. Conclusions: Our findings confirm the association between household food insecurity and obesity among Mexican women. Given the socio-demographic characteristics of the food-insecure population, it is alarming that prevailing socio-economic inequalities in the country might also be contributing to the likelihood of obesity. Therefore, it is crucial to maintain and bolster surveillance systems to track both problems and implement adequate policies and interventions.

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